Merck Receives Positive EU CHMP Opinion for WELIREG® (belzutifan) as Treatment for Adult Patients With Certain Types of Von Hippel-Lindau Disease-Associated Tumors and for Certain Previously Treated Adult Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

Rhea-AI Summary

Merck (MRK) received a positive CHMP opinion recommending conditional approval of WELIREG® (belzutifan) in the European Union for two indications: treatment of adult patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease-associated tumors and advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The recommendation is based on the LITESPARK-004 and LITESPARK-005 trials.

In LITESPARK-004, WELIREG showed significant efficacy with 49% objective response rate in VHL-associated RCC, 63% in CNS hemangioblastomas, and 83% in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. In LITESPARK-005, WELIREG reduced disease progression or death risk by 25% versus everolimus. A final EU decision is expected in Q1 2025.

Positive

• First-in-class HIF-2α inhibitor potentially becoming available in EU
• Strong efficacy data with 49% objective response rate in VHL-associated RCC
• 83% objective response rate in VHL-associated pNET
• 25% reduction in disease progression or death risk vs everolimus in advanced RCC
• Potential to be first and only systemic treatment for VHL disease-associated tumors in EU

Negative

• Conditional approval recommendation rather than full approval
• Final EU decision pending until Q1 2025

Insights

Medical Research Analyst

The CHMP positive opinion for WELIREG marks a significant milestone in treating VHL disease-associated tumors and advanced RCC in the EU. The data is particularly compelling, with a 49% objective response rate in VHL-associated RCC patients and impressive durability of response. For CNS hemangioblastomas, the 63% response rate and 83% for pNET demonstrate strong efficacy across multiple tumor types. In advanced RCC, WELIREG showed a 25% reduction in disease progression risk versus everolimus, with a notably higher objective response rate of 22% compared to 4%. As the first HIF-2α inhibitor, this represents a novel mechanism of action addressing significant unmet needs in both rare VHL disease and later-line RCC treatment.

Financial Analyst

This regulatory milestone strengthens Merck's oncology portfolio and market position in Europe. WELIREG's potential approval in Q1 2025 would create a new revenue stream in the EU market, particularly valuable as it addresses both a rare disease (VHL) and a broader market in advanced RCC. The drug's first-in-class status and strong efficacy data position it favorably for market adoption. With existing U.S. approvals already in place, EU expansion would significantly enhance the drug's commercial potential. This development is especially relevant for MRK's oncology franchise diversification strategy beyond Keytruda, potentially contributing to long-term growth.

If approved, WELIREG would be the first and only oral hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α) inhibitor available for these patients in the European Union

Positive opinion granted based on data from the Phase 2 LITESPARK-004 trial and the Phase 3 LITESPARK-005 trial

RAHWAY, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, today announced that the European Medicines Agency’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) adopted a positive opinion recommending the conditional approval of WELIREG^® (belzutifan), Merck’s oral hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α) inhibitor, as monotherapy for:

• The treatment of adult patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease who require therapy for associated, localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC), central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas, or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET), and for whom localized procedures are unsuitable;
• The treatment of adult patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that progressed following two or more lines of therapy that included a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor and at least two vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeted therapies.

The CHMP’s recommendation will now be reviewed by the European Commission for marketing authorization in the European Union (EU), and a final decision is expected in the first quarter of 2025.

“Today’s positive CHMP opinion brings us closer to offering WELIREG, a first-in-class HIF-2α inhibitor, to certain patients in the European Union, in order to help address critical gaps in care for these patients,” said Dr. Marjorie Green, senior vice president and head of oncology, global clinical development, Merck Research Laboratories. “We are committed to providing innovative treatment options that address serious unmet needs for patients globally and look forward to the European Commission’s decision.”

The CHMP recommendation in VHL disease-associated tumors is based on objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DOR) results from the LITESPARK-004 trial. If approved, WELIREG would be the first and only systemic treatment for patients with VHL disease-associated tumors in the EU.

In August 2021, WELIREG was approved in the U.S. for the treatment of adult patients with VHL disease who require therapy for associated RCC, CNS hemangioblastomas or pNET not requiring immediate surgery based on the results from LITESPARK-004, an open-label clinical trial in 61 patients with VHL-associated RCC. In the LITESPARK-004 trial, WELIREG showed an ORR of 49% (95% CI, 36-62) in patients with VHL-associated RCC (n=30/61); all responses were partial responses (PR). Median DOR for these patients was not reached, with ongoing responses ranging from 2.8+ to 22+ months; among responders, 56% (n=17/30) maintained a response for at least 12 months.

Patients enrolled in LITESPARK-004 had other VHL-associated tumors, including CNS hemangioblastomas and pNET. In patients with VHL-associated CNS hemangioblastomas (n=24) in this trial, WELIREG showed an ORR of 63% (95% CI, 41-81) (n=15/24), with a complete response (CR) rate of 4% (n=1/24) and a PR rate of 58% (n=14/24). Median DOR for these patients was not reached, with ongoing responses ranging from 3.7+ to 22+ months; among responders, 73% (n=11/15) maintained a response for at least 12 months. In patients with VHL-associated pNET (n=12) in this trial, WELIREG showed an ORR of 83% (95% CI, 52-98) (n=10/12), with a CR rate of 17% (n=2/12) and a PR rate of 67% (n=8/12). Median DOR for these patients was not reached, with ongoing responses ranging from 11+ to 19+ months; among responders, 50% (n=5/10) maintained a response for at least 12 months.

The CHMP recommendation in advanced clear cell RCC that progressed following two or more lines of therapy that included a PD-(L)1 inhibitor and at least two VEGF targeted therapies, is based on PFS and ORR results from the LITESPARK-005 trial, the first positive Phase 3 trial in these patients.

In December 2023, WELIREG was approved in the U.S. for the treatment of adult patients with advanced RCC following a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor and a VEGF-TKI based on the results from LITESPARK-005, an open-label clinical trial in 746 patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic clear cell RCC that progressed following PD-1 or PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor and VEGF receptor targeted therapies either in sequence or in combination. In the trial, WELIREG reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 25% (HR=0.75 [95% CI, 0.63-0.90]; p=0.0008) versus everolimus in these patients. Median PFS was 5.6 months (95% CI, 3.9-7.0) for WELIREG versus 5.6 months (95% CI, 4.8-5.8) for everolimus. The ORR for WELIREG was 22% (n=82) (95% CI, 18-27), with a CR rate of 3% (n=10) and a PR rate of 19% (n=72), and the ORR for everolimus was 4% (n=13) (95% CI, 2-6), with no patients achieving a CR and a PR rate of 4% (n=13).

About von Hippel-Lindau disease
Von Hippel-Lindau disease is a rare genetic disease, which impacts an estimated 200,000 people worldwide and an estimated 10,000 to 15,000 people in Europe. Patients with VHL are at risk for recurrent, benign blood vessel tumors as well as some cancerous ones. The most commonly occurring tumor is RCC, a form of kidney cancer, which occurs in about 70% of patients with VHL disease.

About renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma is by far the most common type of kidney cancer. In 2020, more than 130,000 new cases of RCC were diagnosed in Europe. Renal cell carcinoma is about twice as common in men than in women. Approximately 30% of patients with kidney cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage.

About WELIREG^® (belzutifan) 40 mg tablets, for oral use
Indications in the U.S.
Certain von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease-associated tumors
WELIREG (belzutifan) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease who require therapy for associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC), central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas, or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET), not requiring immediate surgery.

Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)
WELIREG is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) following a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) or programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor and a vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGF-TKI).

Selected Safety Information for WELIREG
Warning: Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
Exposure to WELIREG during pregnancy can cause embryo-fetal harm. Verify pregnancy status prior to the initiation of WELIREG. Advise patients of these risks and the need for effective non-hormonal contraception as WELIREG can render some hormonal contraceptives ineffective.

Anemia
WELIREG can cause severe anemia that can require blood transfusion. Monitor for anemia before initiation of, and periodically throughout, treatment. Transfuse patients as clinically indicated. For patients with hemoglobin <8 g/dL, withhold WELIREG until ≥8 g/dL, then resume at the same or reduced dose or permanently discontinue WELIREG, depending on the severity of anemia. For life-threatening anemia or when urgent intervention is indicated, withhold WELIREG until hemoglobin ≥8 g/dL, then resume at a reduced dose or permanently discontinue WELIREG.

In LITESPARK-004 (N=61), decreased hemoglobin occurred in 93% of patients with VHL disease and 7% had Grade 3 events. Median time to onset of anemia was 31 days (range: 1 day to 8.4 months).

The safety of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) for treatment of anemia in patients with VHL disease treated with WELIREG has not been established.

In LITESPARK-005 (n=372), decreased hemoglobin occurred in 88% of patients with advanced RCC and 29% had Grade 3 events. Median time to onset of anemia was 29 days (range: 1 day to 16.6 months). Of the patients with anemia, 22% received transfusions only, 20% received ESAs only, and 12% received both transfusion and ESAs.

Hypoxia
WELIREG can cause severe hypoxia that may require discontinuation, supplemental oxygen, or hospitalization.

Monitor oxygen saturation before initiation of, and periodically throughout, treatment. For decreased oxygen saturation with exercise (e.g., pulse oximeter <88% or PaO2 ≤55 mm Hg), consider withholding WELIREG until pulse oximetry with exercise is greater than 88%, then resume at the same or a reduced dose. For decreased oxygen saturation at rest (e.g., pulse oximeter <88% or PaO2 ≤55 mm Hg) or when urgent intervention is indicated, withhold WELIREG until resolved and resume at a reduced dose or discontinue. For life-threatening or recurrent symptomatic hypoxia, permanently discontinue WELIREG. Advise patients to report signs and symptoms of hypoxia immediately to a healthcare provider.

In LITESPARK-004, hypoxia occurred in 1.6% of patients.

In LITESPARK-005, hypoxia occurred in 15% of patients and 10% had Grade 3 events. Of the patients with hypoxia, 69% were treated with oxygen therapy. Median time to onset of hypoxia was 30.5 days (range: 1 day to 21.1 months).

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
Based on findings in animals, WELIREG can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.

Advise pregnant women and females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to the fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective non-hormonal contraception during treatment with WELIREG and for 1 week after the last dose. WELIREG can render some hormonal contraceptives ineffective. Advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with WELIREG and for 1 week after the last dose.

Adverse Reactions
In LITESPARK-004, serious adverse reactions occurred in 15% of patients, including anemia, hypoxia, anaphylaxis reaction, retinal detachment, and central retinal vein occlusion (1 patient each).

WELIREG was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 3.3% of patients for dizziness and opioid overdose (1.6% each).

Dosage interruptions due to an adverse reaction occurred in 39% of patients. Those which required dosage interruption in >2% of patients were fatigue, decreased hemoglobin, anemia, nausea, abdominal pain, headache, and influenza-like illness.

Dose reductions due to an adverse reaction occurred in 13% of patients. The most frequently reported adverse reaction which required dose reduction was fatigue (7%).

The most common adverse reactions (≥25%), including laboratory abnormalities, that occurred in patients who received WELIREG were decreased hemoglobin (93%), fatigue (64%), increased creatinine (64%), headache (39%), dizziness (38%), increased glucose (34%), and nausea (31%).

In LITESPARK-005, serious adverse reactions occurred in 38% of patients. The most frequently reported serious adverse reactions were hypoxia (7%), anemia (5%), pneumonia (3.5%), hemorrhage (3%), and pleural effusion (2.2%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 3.2% of patients who received WELIREG, including sepsis (0.5%) and hemorrhage (0.5%).

WELIREG was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 6% of patients. Adverse reactions which resulted in permanent discontinuation (≥0.5%) were hypoxia (1.1%) and hemorrhage (0.5%).

Dosage interruptions due to an adverse reaction occurred in 39% of patients. Of the patients who received WELIREG, 28% were 65 to 74 years, and 10% were 75 years and over. Dose interruptions occurred in 48% of patients ≥65 years of age and in 34% of younger patients. Adverse reactions which required dosage interruption in ≥2% of patients were anemia (8%), hypoxia (5%), COVID-19 (4.3%), fatigue (3.2%), and hemorrhage (2.2%).

Dose reductions due to an adverse reaction occurred in 13% of patients. Dose reductions occurred in 18% of patients ≥65 years of age and in 10% of younger patients. The most frequently reported adverse reactions which required dose reduction (≥1.0%) were hypoxia (5%) and anemia (3.2%).

The most common (≥25%) adverse reactions, including laboratory abnormalities, were decreased hemoglobin (88%), fatigue (43%), musculoskeletal pain (33%), increased creatinine (34%), decreased lymphocytes (34%), increased alanine aminotransferase (32%), decreased sodium (31%), increased potassium (29%), and increased aspartate aminotransferase (27%).

Drug Interactions
Coadministration of WELIREG with inhibitors of UGT2B17 or CYP2C19 increases plasma exposure of belzutifan, which may increase the incidence and severity of adverse reactions. Monitor for anemia and hypoxia and reduce the dosage of WELIREG as recommended.

Coadministration of WELIREG with CYP3A4 substrates decreases concentrations of CYP3A4 substrates, which may reduce the efficacy of these substrates or lead to therapeutic failures. Avoid coadministration with sensitive CYP3A4 substrates. If coadministration cannot be avoided, increase the sensitive CYP3A4 substrate dosage in accordance with its Prescribing Information. Coadministration of WELIREG with hormonal contraceptives may lead to contraceptive failure or an increase in breakthrough bleeding.

Lactation
Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed children, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with WELIREG and for 1 week after the last dose.

Females and Males of Reproductive Potential
WELIREG can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating treatment with WELIREG.

Use of WELIREG may reduce the efficacy of hormonal contraceptives. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective non-hormonal contraception during treatment with WELIREG and for 1 week after the last dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with WELIREG and for 1 week after the last dose.

Based on findings in animals, WELIREG may impair fertility in males and females of reproductive potential and the reversibility of this effect is unknown.

Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness of WELIREG in pediatric patients under 18 years of age have not been established.

Merck’s focus on cancer
Every day, we follow the science as we work to discover innovations that can help patients, no matter what stage of cancer they have. As a leading oncology company, we are pursuing research where scientific opportunity and medical need converge, underpinned by our diverse pipeline of more than 25 novel mechanisms. With one of the largest clinical development programs across more than 30 tumor types, we strive to advance breakthrough science that will shape the future of oncology. By addressing barriers to clinical trial participation, screening and treatment, we work with urgency to reduce disparities and help ensure patients have access to high-quality cancer care. Our unwavering commitment is what will bring us closer to our goal of bringing life to more patients with cancer. For more information, visit https://www.merck.com/research/oncology/.

About Merck
At Merck, known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, we are unified around our purpose: We use the power of leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. For more than 130 years, we have brought hope to humanity through the development of important medicines and vaccines. We aspire to be the premier research-intensive biopharmaceutical company in the world – and today, we are at the forefront of research to deliver innovative health solutions that advance the prevention and treatment of diseases in people and animals. We foster a diverse and inclusive global workforce and operate responsibly every day to enable a safe, sustainable and healthy future for all people and communities. For more information, visit www.merck.com and connect with us X (formerly Twitter), Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and LinkedIn.

Forward-Looking Statement of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA
This news release of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA (the “company”) includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of the company’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. There can be no guarantees with respect to pipeline candidates that the candidates will receive the necessary regulatory approvals or that they will prove to be commercially successful. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.

Risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to, general industry conditions and competition; general economic factors, including interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations; the impact of pharmaceutical industry regulation and health care legislation in the United States and internationally; global trends toward health care cost containment; technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges inherent in new product development, including obtaining regulatory approval; the company’s ability to accurately predict future market conditions; manufacturing difficulties or delays; financial instability of international economies and sovereign risk; dependence on the effectiveness of the company’s patents and other protections for innovation products; and the exposure to litigation, including patent litigation, and/or regulatory actions.

The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Additional factors that could cause results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) available at the SEC’s Internet site (www.sec.gov).

Please see Prescribing Information, including information for the Boxed Warning about embryo-fetal toxicity, for WELIREG (belzutifan) at https://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/w/welireg/welireg_pi.pdf and Medication Guide for WELIREG at https://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/w/welireg/welireg_mg.pdf.

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Source: Merck & Co., Inc.

FAQ

What was the efficacy of WELIREG (MRK) in the LITESPARK-004 trial for VHL disease?

WELIREG showed a 49% objective response rate in VHL-associated RCC, 63% in CNS hemangioblastomas, and 83% in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, with sustained responses in many patients.

When is the final EU decision expected for Merck's WELIREG (MRK)?

The European Commission's final decision on WELIREG's marketing authorization is expected in the first quarter of 2025.

How did WELIREG (MRK) perform against everolimus in the LITESPARK-005 trial?

WELIREG reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 25% compared to everolimus, with an objective response rate of 22% versus 4% for everolimus.

What are the two indications for which WELIREG (MRK) received positive CHMP opinion?

WELIREG received positive CHMP opinion for treating VHL disease-associated tumors and advanced renal cell carcinoma in adult patients who progressed after previous therapies.

What makes WELIREG (MRK) unique in the European market?

If approved, WELIREG would be the first and only oral HIF-2α inhibitor and the first systemic treatment for VHL disease-associated tumors in the EU.