Constellium Reports Second Quarter 2022 Results
Constellium SE (NYSE: CSTM) reported solid Q2 2022 results with revenue of €2.3 billion, a 50% increase from Q2 2021, driven by higher metal prices and improved volumes. Shipments reached 424 thousand metric tons (+4% YoY), and Value-Added Revenue (VAR) rose to €704 million (+22% YoY). However, the company reported a net loss of €32 million, down from a net income of €108 million in Q2 2021, largely due to unfavorable metal hedging impacts. Adjusted EBITDA grew by 17% to €198 million. The outlook for 2022 has been revised to reflect expected Adjusted EBITDA of €670 million to €690 million.
- Revenue increased by 50% YoY to €2.3 billion driven by higher metal prices.
- Shipments up 4% YoY to 424 thousand metric tons, indicating strong demand.
- Value-Added Revenue (VAR) grew 22% YoY to €704 million.
- Adjusted EBITDA rose by 17% to €198 million, showcasing operational strength.
- Free Cash Flow of €60 million highlights effective cash management.
- Reported a net loss of €32 million compared to net income of €108 million in Q2 2021.
- Unfavorable changes in derivative gains led to significant net loss.
- Inflationary pressures affecting operating costs may impact profitability.
PARIS, July 27, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Constellium SE (NYSE: CSTM) today reported results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2022.
Second quarter 2022 highlights:
- Shipments of 424 thousand metric tons, up
4% compared to Q2 2021 - Revenue of
€2.3 billion , up50% compared to Q2 2021 - Value-Added Revenue (VAR) of
€704 million , up22% compared to Q2 2021 - Net loss of
€32 million compared to net income of€108 million in Q2 2021 - Adjusted EBITDA of
€198 million , up17% compared to Q2 2021 - Cash from Operations of
€111 million and Free Cash Flow of€60 million - Repaid
€180 million PGE French Facility and CHF 15 million Swiss Facility
First half 2022 highlights:
- Shipments of 825 thousand metric tons, up
4% compared to H1 2021 - Revenue of
€4.3 billion , up49% compared to H1 2021 - VAR of
€1.4 billion , up22% compared to H1 2021 - Net income of
€147 million compared to net income of€156 million in H1 2021 - Adjusted EBITDA of
€365 million , up25% compared to H1 2021 - Cash from Operations of
€169 million and Free Cash Flow of€86 million - Net debt / LTM Adjusted EBITDA of 3.0x at June 30, 2022
Jean-Marc Germain, Constellium’s Chief Executive Officer said, “I am very proud of the results our team delivered in the second quarter, including record VAR, record Adjusted EBITDA and strong Free Cash Flow generation. Demand remained strong across most end markets during the quarter, and our team continued to execute very well despite significant inflationary pressures. Both P&ARP and AS&I reported record Adjusted EBITDA as continued strength in packaging and industry demand more than offset continued weakness in automotive caused by the semiconductor shortage and other supply chain challenges. A&T reported very strong second quarter Adjusted EBITDA supported by a greater than
Mr. Germain continued, "Macroeconomic and geopolitical risks remain elevated and we expect inflationary pressures to continue, particularly for inputs like energy and regions more directly affected by the ongoing war in Ukraine. However, I am confident in our ability to continue to execute well through these challenging times. Based on our strong performance in the first half of this year and our current outlook for the second half which assumes no major deterioration on the geopolitical front, we are raising our guidance and now expect Adjusted EBITDA of
Group Summary
| Q2 2022 | Q2 2021 | Var. | YTD 2022 | YTD 2021 | Var. | |||||||||
| Shipments (k metric tons) | 424 | 406 | 4 | % | 825 | 791 | 4 | % | ||||||
| Revenue (€ millions) | 2,275 | 1,518 | 50 | % | 4,254 | 2,859 | 49 | % | ||||||
| VAR (€ millions) | 704 | 575 | 22 | % | 1,356 | 1,112 | 22 | % | ||||||
| Net income / (loss) (€ millions) | (32 | ) | 108 | n.m. | 147 | 156 | (6) | % | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA (€ millions) | 198 | 170 | 17 | % | 365 | 291 | 25 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA per metric ton (€) | 468 | 418 | 12 | % | 443 | 368 | 20 | % | ||||||
The difference between the sum of reported segment revenue and total group revenue includes revenue from certain non-core activities and inter-segment eliminations. The difference between the sum of reported segment Adjusted EBITDA and the Group Adjusted EBITDA is related to Holdings and Corporate.
For the second quarter of 2022, shipments of 424 thousand metric tons increased
For the first half of 2022, shipments of 825 thousand metric tons increased
Results by Segment
Packaging & Automotive Rolled Products (P&ARP)
| Q2 2022 | Q2 2021 | Var. | YTD 2022 | YTD 2021 | Var. | |||||||||
| Shipments (k metric tons) | 292 | 284 | 3 | % | 568 | 551 | 3 | % | ||||||
| Revenue (€ millions) | 1,348 | 907 | 49 | % | 2,516 | 1,673 | 50 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA (€ millions) | 95 | 94 | 2 | % | 177 | 162 | 9 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA per metric ton (€) | 327 | 332 | (1) | % | 312 | 294 | 6 | % | ||||||
For the second quarter of 2022, Adjusted EBITDA increased
For the first half of 2022, Adjusted EBITDA of
Aerospace & Transportation (A&T)
| Q2 2022 | Q2 2021 | Var. | YTD 2022 | YTD 2021 | Var. | |||||||||
| Shipments (k metric tons) | 60 | 53 | 13 | % | 115 | 101 | 14 | % | ||||||
| Revenue (€ millions) | 461 | 287 | 61 | % | 846 | 532 | 59 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA (€ millions) | 63 | 42 | 50 | % | 116 | 61 | 88 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA per metric ton (€) | 1,056 | 794 | 33 | % | 1,010 | 610 | 66 | % | ||||||
For the second quarter of 2022, Adjusted EBITDA increased
For the first half of 2022, Adjusted EBITDA of
Automotive Structures & Industry (AS&I)
| Q2 2022 | Q2 2021 | Var. | YTD 2022 | YTD 2021 | Var. | |||||||||
| Shipments (k metric tons) | 72 | 69 | 4 | % | 142 | 139 | 2 | % | ||||||
| Revenue (€ millions) | 501 | 345 | 45 | % | 960 | 695 | 38 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA (€ millions) | 46 | 41 | 13 | % | 83 | 79 | 6 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA per metric ton (€) | 641 | 587 | 9 | % | 581 | 563 | 3 | % | ||||||
For the second quarter of 2022, Adjusted EBITDA increased
For the first half of 2022, Adjusted EBITDA of
Net Income
For the second quarter of 2022, the net loss of
For the first half of 2022, net income of
Cash Flow
Free Cash Flow was
Cash flows from operating activities were
Cash flows used in investing activities were
Cash flows used in financing activities were
Liquidity and Net Debt
Liquidity at June 30, 2022 was
Net debt was
In June 2022, the Pan-U.S. ABL was amended to increase the commitment from
In June 2022, the factoring facility in the U.S. at Muscle Shoals was reduced from
In June 2022, the factoring facilities in Germany, Switzerland and Czech Republic were extended from 2023 to 2027 and the combined capacity increased from
Outlook
Based on our current outlook, we expect Adjusted EBITDA in the range of
We are not able to provide a reconciliation of this Adjusted EBITDA guidance to net income, the comparable GAAP measure, because certain items that are excluded from Adjusted EBITDA cannot be reasonably predicted or are not in our control. In particular, we are unable to forecast the timing or magnitude of realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments, metal lag, impairment or restructuring charges, or taxes without unreasonable efforts, and these items could significantly impact, either individually or in the aggregate, net income in the future.
Forward-looking statements
Certain statements contained in this press release may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. This press release may contain “forward-looking statements” with respect to our business, results of operations and financial condition, and our expectations or beliefs concerning future events and conditions. You can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as, but not limited to, “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “should,” “approximately,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “targets,” likely,” “will,” “would,” “could” and similar expressions (or the negative of these terminologies or expressions). All forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Many risks and uncertainties are inherent in our industry and markets, while others are more specific to our business and operations. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: market competition; economic downturn; disruption to business operations, including the length and magnitude of disruption resulting from the global COVID-19 pandemic; the Russian invasion of Ukraine; the inability to meet customer demand and quality requirements; the loss of key customers, suppliers or other business relationships; supply disruptions; excessive inflation; the capacity and effectiveness of our hedging policy activities; the loss of key employees; levels of indebtedness which could limit our operating flexibility and opportunities; and other risk factors set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F, and as described from time to time in subsequent reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The occurrence of the events described and the achievement of the expected results depend on many events, some or all of which are not predictable or within our control. Consequently, actual results may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this press release. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
About Constellium
Constellium (NYSE: CSTM) is a global sector leader that develops innovative, value added aluminium products for a broad scope of markets and applications, including packaging, automotive and aerospace. Constellium generated
Constellium’s earnings materials for the second quarter ended June 30, 2022, are also available on the company’s website (www.constellium.com).
| Jason Hershiser – Investor Relations | Delphine Dahan-Kocher – Communications |
| Phone: +1 443 988-0600 | Phone: +1 443 420 7860 |
| investor-relations@constellium.com | delphine.dahan-kocher@constellium.com |
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT (UNAUDITED)
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| (in millions of Euros) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Revenue | 2,275 | 1,518 | 4,254 | 2,859 | ||||||||
| Cost of sales | (2,060 | ) | (1,319 | ) | (3,822 | ) | (2,518 | ) | ||||
| Gross profit | 215 | 199 | 432 | 341 | ||||||||
| Selling and administrative expenses | (75 | ) | (67 | ) | (143 | ) | (127 | ) | ||||
| Research and development expenses | (10 | ) | (9 | ) | (21 | ) | (20 | ) | ||||
| Other gains and losses - net | (134 | ) | 44 | (24 | ) | 87 | ||||||
| (Loss) / income from operations | (4 | ) | 167 | 244 | 281 | |||||||
| Finance costs - net | (32 | ) | (37 | ) | (62 | ) | (92 | ) | ||||
| (Loss) / income before tax | (36 | ) | 130 | 182 | 189 | |||||||
| Income tax benefit / (expense) | 4 | (22 | ) | (35 | ) | (33 | ) | |||||
| Net (loss) / income | (32 | ) | 108 | 147 | 156 | |||||||
| Net income attributable to: | ||||||||||||
| Equity holders of Constellium | (34 | ) | 107 | 143 | 153 | |||||||
| Non-controlling interests | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | ||||||||
| Net (loss) / income | (32 | ) | 108 | 147 | 156 | |||||||
| Earnings per share attributable to the equity holders of Constellium, (in Euros) | |||||||||
| Basic | (0.24 | ) | 0.76 | 1.00 | 1.09 | ||||
| Diluted | (0.24 | ) | 0.73 | 0.97 | 1.04 | ||||
| Weighted average number of shares, (in thousands) | |||||||||
| Basic | 144,186 | 140,637 | 142,939 | 140,302 | |||||
| Diluted | 144,186 | 146,730 | 147,184 | 146,730 | |||||
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME / (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| (in millions of Euros) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Net (loss) / income | (32 | ) | 108 | 147 | 156 | |||||||
| Other comprehensive income | ||||||||||||
| Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to the consolidated income statement | ||||||||||||
| Remeasurement on post-employment benefit obligations | 79 | 24 | 155 | 89 | ||||||||
| Income tax on remeasurement on post-employment benefit obligations | (17 | ) | 2 | (30 | ) | (11 | ) | |||||
| Items that may be reclassified subsequently to the consolidated income statement | ||||||||||||
| Cash flow hedges | (13 | ) | 3 | (15 | ) | (8 | ) | |||||
| Income tax on cash flow hedges | 3 | (1 | ) | 4 | 2 | |||||||
| Currency translation differences | 31 | (1 | ) | 42 | 12 | |||||||
| Other comprehensive income | 83 | 27 | 156 | 84 | ||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | 51 | 135 | 303 | 240 | ||||||||
| Attributable to: | ||||||||||||
| Equity holders of Constellium | 49 | 134 | 299 | 236 | ||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | 51 | 135 | 303 | 240 | ||||||||
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (UNAUDITED)
| (in millions of Euros) | At June 30, 2022 | At December 31, 2021 | |||
| Assets | |||||
| Current assets | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 156 | 147 | |||
| Trade receivables and other | 1,027 | 683 | |||
| Inventories | 1,360 | 1,050 | |||
| Other financial assets | 46 | 58 | |||
| 2,589 | 1,938 | ||||
| Non-current assets | |||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 1,994 | 1,948 | |||
| Goodwill | 491 | 451 | |||
| Intangible assets | 57 | 58 | |||
| Deferred tax assets | 124 | 162 | |||
| Trade receivables and other | 60 | 55 | |||
| Other financial assets | 14 | 12 | |||
| 2,740 | 2,686 | ||||
| Total Assets | 5,329 | 4,624 | |||
| Liabilities | |||||
| Current liabilities | |||||
| Trade payables and other | 1,784 | 1,377 | |||
| Borrowings | 209 | 258 | |||
| Other financial liabilities | 97 | 25 | |||
| Income tax payable | 28 | 34 | |||
| Provisions | 22 | 20 | |||
| 2,140 | 1,714 | ||||
| Non-current liabilities | |||||
| Trade payables and other | 45 | 32 | |||
| Borrowings | 1,949 | 1,871 | |||
| Other financial liabilities | 18 | 6 | |||
| Pension and other post-employment benefit obligations | 463 | 599 | |||
| Provisions | 96 | 97 | |||
| Deferred tax liabilities | 15 | 14 | |||
| 2,586 | 2,619 | ||||
| Total Liabilities | 4,726 | 4,333 | |||
| Equity | |||||
| Share capital | 3 | 3 | |||
| Share premium | 420 | 420 | |||
| Retained deficit and other reserves | 159 | (149 | ) | ||
| Equity attributable to equity holders of Constellium | 582 | 274 | |||
| Non-controlling interests | 21 | 17 | |||
| Total Equity | 603 | 291 | |||
| Total Equity and Liabilities | 5,329 | 4,624 | |||
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
| (in millions of Euros) | Share capital | Share premium | Re- measurement | Cash flow hedges | Foreign currency translation reserve | Other reserves | Retained deficit | Total | Non- controlling interests | Total equity | |||||||||||||||||
| At January 1, 2022 | 3 | 420 | (94 | ) | (4 | ) | 19 | 83 | (153 | ) | 274 | 17 | 291 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | 143 | 143 | 4 | 147 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income / (loss) | — | — | 125 | (11 | ) | 42 | — | — | 156 | — | 156 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income / (loss) | — | — | 125 | (11 | ) | 42 | — | 143 | 299 | 4 | 303 | ||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | — | 9 | — | 9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Transactions with non-controlling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2022 | 3 | 420 | 31 | (15 | ) | 61 | 92 | (10 | ) | 582 | 21 | 603 | |||||||||||||||
| (in millions of Euros) | Share capital | Share premium | Re- measurement | Cash flow hedges | Foreign currency translation reserve | Other reserves | Retained deficit | Total | Non- controlling interests | Total equity | |||||||||||||||||
| At January 1, 2021 | 3 | 420 | (192 | ) | 9 | (13 | ) | 68 | (410 | ) | (115 | ) | 14 | (101 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | 153 | 153 | 3 | 156 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income / (loss) | — | — | 78 | (6 | ) | 11 | — | — | 83 | 1 | 84 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income / (loss) | — | — | 78 | (6 | ) | 11 | — | 153 | 236 | 4 | 240 | ||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | — | 7 | — | 7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Transactions with non-controlling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2021 | 3 | 420 | (114 | ) | 3 | (2 | ) | 75 | (257 | ) | 128 | 16 | 144 | ||||||||||||||
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| (in millions of Euros) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Net (loss) / income | (32 | ) | 108 | 147 | 156 | |||||||
| Adjustments | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 70 | 65 | 136 | 128 | ||||||||
| Pension and other post-employment benefits service costs | 6 | 10 | 11 | 17 | ||||||||
| Finance costs - net | 32 | 37 | 62 | 92 | ||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) / expense | (4 | ) | 22 | 35 | 33 | |||||||
| Unrealized losses / (gains) on derivatives - net and from remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities - net | 143 | (15 | ) | 85 | (45 | ) | ||||||
| Losses on disposal | — | — | 1 | — | ||||||||
| Other - net | 4 | 3 | 8 | 5 | ||||||||
| Change in working capital | ||||||||||||
| Inventories | — | (103 | ) | (256 | ) | (212 | ) | |||||
| Trade receivables | (77 | ) | (126 | ) | (287 | ) | (234 | ) | ||||
| Trade payables | 5 | 117 | 325 | 300 | ||||||||
| Other | 20 | (7 | ) | 4 | — | |||||||
| Change in provisions | (2 | ) | — | (4 | ) | (4 | ) | |||||
| Pension and other post-employment benefits paid | (10 | ) | (10 | ) | (21 | ) | (21 | ) | ||||
| Interest paid | (25 | ) | (28 | ) | (54 | ) | (72 | ) | ||||
| Income tax (paid) / refunded | (19 | ) | — | (23 | ) | 5 | ||||||
| Net cash flows from operating activities | 111 | 73 | 169 | 148 | ||||||||
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (51 | ) | (42 | ) | (84 | ) | (74 | ) | ||||
| Property, plant and equipment grants received | — | 4 | 1 | 7 | ||||||||
| Net cash flows used in investing activities | (51 | ) | (38 | ) | (83 | ) | (67 | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from issuance of long-term borrowings | — | 300 | — | 712 | ||||||||
| Repayments of long-term borrowings | (183 | ) | (332 | ) | (186 | ) | (870 | ) | ||||
| Net change in revolving credit facilities and short-term borrowings | 124 | (3 | ) | 124 | — | |||||||
| Lease repayments | (9 | ) | (8 | ) | (20 | ) | (17 | ) | ||||
| Payment of financing costs and redemption fees | — | (10 | ) | — | (26 | ) | ||||||
| Transactions with non-controlling interests | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||
| Other financing activities | 5 | (32 | ) | 5 | (29 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash flows used in financing activities | (65 | ) | (87 | ) | (79 | ) | (232 | ) | ||||
| Net (decrease) / increase in cash and cash equivalent | (5 | ) | (52 | ) | 7 | (151 | ) | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of year | 160 | 342 | 147 | 439 | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 1 | — | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents - end of period | 156 | 290 | 156 | 290 | ||||||||
SEGMENT ADJUSTED EBITDA
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| (in millions of Euros) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| P&ARP | 95 | 94 | 177 | 162 | ||||||||
| A&T | 63 | 42 | 116 | 61 | ||||||||
| AS&I | 46 | 41 | 83 | 79 | ||||||||
| Holdings and Corporate | (6 | ) | (7 | ) | (11 | ) | (11 | ) | ||||
| Total | 198 | 170 | 365 | 291 | ||||||||
SHIPMENTS AND REVENUE BY PRODUCT LINE
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| (in k metric tons) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Packaging rolled products | 221 | 213 | 427 | 407 | ||||||||
| Automotive rolled products | 61 | 59 | 120 | 122 | ||||||||
| Specialty and other thin-rolled products | 10 | 12 | 21 | 22 | ||||||||
| Aerospace rolled products | 20 | 13 | 36 | 26 | ||||||||
| Transportation, industry, defense and other rolled products | 40 | 40 | 79 | 75 | ||||||||
| Automotive extruded products | 30 | 29 | 60 | 63 | ||||||||
| Other extruded products | 42 | 40 | 82 | 76 | ||||||||
| Total shipments | 424 | 406 | 825 | 791 | ||||||||
| (in millions of Euros) | ||||||||||||
| Packaging rolled products | 985 | 648 | 1,837 | 1,167 | ||||||||
| Automotive rolled products | 308 | 213 | 571 | 421 | ||||||||
| Specialty and other thin-rolled products | 55 | 46 | 108 | 85 | ||||||||
| Aerospace rolled products | 183 | 100 | 326 | 187 | ||||||||
| Transportation, industry, defense and other rolled products | 278 | 187 | 520 | 345 | ||||||||
| Automotive extruded products | 247 | 176 | 473 | 377 | ||||||||
| Other extruded products | 254 | 169 | 487 | 318 | ||||||||
| Other and inter-segment eliminations | (35 | ) | (21 | ) | (68 | ) | (41 | ) | ||||
| Total revenue | 2,275 | 1,518 | 4,254 | 2,859 | ||||||||
NON-GAAP MEASURES
Reconciliation of Revenue to VAR (a non-GAAP measure)
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| (in millions of Euros) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Revenue | 2,275 | 1,518 | 4,254 | 2,859 | ||||||||
| Hedged cost of alloyed metal | (1,550 | ) | (886 | ) | (2,777 | ) | (1,651 | ) | ||||
| Revenue from incidental activities | (5 | ) | (3 | ) | (11 | ) | (11 | ) | ||||
| Metal time lag | (16 | ) | (54 | ) | (110 | ) | (85 | ) | ||||
| VAR | 704 | 575 | 1,356 | 1,112 | ||||||||
Reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP measure)
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| (in millions of Euros) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Net (loss) / income | (32 | ) | 108 | 147 | 156 | |||||||
| Income tax (benefit) / expense | (4 | ) | 22 | 35 | 33 | |||||||
| (Loss) / income before tax | (36 | ) | 130 | 182 | 189 | |||||||
| Finance costs - net | 32 | 37 | 62 | 92 | ||||||||
| (Loss) / income from operations | (4 | ) | 167 | 244 | 281 | |||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 70 | 65 | 136 | 128 | ||||||||
| Restructuring costs | — | 2 | — | 3 | ||||||||
| Unrealized losses / (gains) on derivatives | 141 | (16 | ) | 84 | (44 | ) | ||||||
| Unrealized exchange losses / (gains) from the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities – net | 2 | 1 | 1 | (1 | ) | |||||||
| Losses on pension plan amendments | — | 2 | — | 2 | ||||||||
| Share based compensation costs | 5 | 3 | 9 | 7 | ||||||||
| Metal price lag (A) | (16 | ) | (54 | ) | (110 | ) | (85 | ) | ||||
| Losses on disposal | — | — | 1 | — | ||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | 198 | 170 | 365 | 291 | ||||||||
(A) Metal price lag represents the financial impact of the timing difference between when aluminium prices included within Constellium's Revenue are established and when aluminium purchase prices included in Cost of sales are established. The Group accounts for inventory using a weighted average price basis and this adjustment aims to remove the effect of volatility in LME prices. The calculation of the Group metal price lag adjustment is based on an internal standardized methodology calculated at each of Constellium’s manufacturing sites and is primarily calculated as the average value of product recorded in inventory, which approximates the spot price in the market, less the average value transferred out of inventory, which is the weighted average of the metal element of cost of sales, based on the quantity sold in the year.
Reconciliation of net cash flows from operating activities to Free Cash Flow (a non-GAAP measure)
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| (in millions of Euros) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Net cash flows from operating activities | 111 | 73 | 169 | 148 | ||||||||
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (51 | ) | (42 | ) | (84 | ) | (74 | ) | ||||
| Property, plant and equipment grants received | — | 4 | 1 | 7 | ||||||||
| Free Cash Flow | 60 | 35 | 86 | 81 | ||||||||
Reconciliation of borrowings to Net debt (a non-GAAP measure)
| (in millions of Euros) | At June 30, 2022 | At December 31, 2021 | ||||
| Borrowings | 2,158 | 2,129 | ||||
| Fair value of net debt derivatives, net of margin calls | (5 | ) | (1 | ) | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents | (156 | ) | (147 | ) | ||
| Net debt | 1,997 | 1,981 | ||||
Non-GAAP measures
In addition to the results reported in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), this press release includes information regarding certain financial measures which are not prepared in accordance with IFRS (“non-GAAP measures”). The non-GAAP measures used in this press release are: Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA per metric ton, Free Cash Flow and Net debt. Reconciliations to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures are presented in the schedules to this press release. We believe these non-GAAP measures are important supplemental measures of our operating and financial performance. By providing these measures, together with the reconciliations, we believe we are enhancing investors’ understanding of our business, our results of operations and our financial position, as well as assisting investors in evaluating the extent to which we are executing our strategic initiatives. However, these non-GAAP financial measures supplement our IFRS disclosures and should not be considered an alternative to the IFRS measures and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.
VAR is defined as revenue, excluding revenue from incidental activities, minus cost of metal which includes, cost of aluminium adjusted for metal lag, cost of other alloying metals, freight out costs, and realized gains and losses from hedging. Management believes that VAR is a useful measure of our activity as it eliminates the impact of metal costs from our revenue and reflects the value-added elements of our activity. VAR eliminates the impact of metal price fluctuations which are not under our control and which we generally pass-through to our customers and facilitates comparisons from period to period. VAR is not a presentation made in accordance with IFRS and should not be considered as an alternative to revenue determined in accordance with IFRS.
In considering the financial performance of the business, management and our chief operational decision maker, as defined by IFRS, analyze the primary financial performance measure of Adjusted EBITDA in all of our business segments. The most directly comparable IFRS measure to Adjusted EBITDA is our net income or loss for the period. We believe Adjusted EBITDA, as defined below, is useful to investors and is used by our management for measuring profitability because it excludes the impact of certain non-cash charges, such as depreciation, amortization, impairment and unrealized gains and losses on derivatives as well as items that do not impact the day-to-day operations and that management in many cases does not directly control or influence. Therefore, such adjustments eliminate items which have less bearing on our core operating performance.
Adjusted EBITDA measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their evaluation of Constellium and in comparison to other companies, many of which present an Adjusted EBITDA-related performance measure when reporting their results.
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as income / (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes, results from joint ventures, net finance costs, other expenses and depreciation and amortization as adjusted to exclude restructuring costs, impairment charges, unrealized gains or losses on derivatives and on foreign exchange differences on transactions which do not qualify for hedge accounting, metal price lag, share based compensation expense, effects of certain purchase accounting adjustments, start-up and development costs or acquisition, integration and separation costs, certain incremental costs and other exceptional, unusual or generally non-recurring items.
Adjusted EBITDA is the measure of performance used by management in evaluating our operating performance, in preparing internal forecasts and budgets necessary for managing our business and, specifically in relation to the exclusion of the effect of favorable or unfavorable metal price lag, this measure allows management and the investor to assess operating results and trends without the impact of our accounting for inventories. We use the weighted average cost method in accordance with IFRS which leads to the purchase price paid for metal impacting our cost of goods sold and therefore profitability in the period subsequent to when the related sales price impacts our revenues. Management believes this measure also provides additional information used by our lending facilities providers with respect to the ongoing performance of our underlying business activities. Historically, we have used Adjusted EBITDA in calculating our compliance with financial covenants under certain of our loan facilities.
Adjusted EBITDA is not a presentation made in accordance with IFRS, is not a measure of financial condition, liquidity or profitability and should not be considered as an alternative to profit or loss for the period, revenues or operating cash flows determined in accordance with IFRS.
Free Cash Flow is defined as net cash flow from operating activities less capital expenditure, equity contributions and loans to joint ventures and other investing activities. Management believes that Free Cash Flow is a useful measure of the net cash flow generated or used by the business as it takes into account both the cash generated or consumed by operating activities, including working capital, and the capital expenditure requirements of the business. However, Free Cash Flow is not a presentation made in accordance with IFRS and should not be considered as an alternative to operating cash flows determined in accordance with IFRS. Free Cash Flow has certain inherent limitations, including the fact that it does not represent residual cash flows available for discretionary spending, notably because it does not reflect principal repayments required in connection with our debt or capital lease obligations.
Net debt is defined as borrowings plus or minus the fair value of cross currency basis swaps net of margin calls less cash and cash equivalents and cash pledged for the issuance of guarantees. Management believes that Net debt is a useful measure of indebtedness because it takes into account the cash and cash equivalent balances held by the Company as well as the total external debt of the Company. Net debt is not a presentation made in accordance with IFRS, and should not be considered as an alternative to borrowings determined in accordance with IFRS.
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