What is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's earnings per share (EPS)?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) reported diluted earnings per share of $-0.89 for fiscal year 2024. This represents a 31.5% change compared to the previous fiscal year. EPS represents the portion of a company's net income allocated to each outstanding share of common stock and is widely used to evaluate profitability on a per-share basis.

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc Financials

NVOS

Source SEC Filings (10-K/10-Q) Updated Aug 31, 2024 Currency USD FYE August

This page shows Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) financial statements, including the income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and key financial ratios. View 24 years of annual fundamentals and quarterly data, with year-over-year growth rates and compound annual growth rates (CAGR). All figures are derived from SEC filings (10-K and 10-Q reports).

Financial Health Signals

Financial Profile 24/100

Based on FY2024 annual data. Scores normalized against common benchmarks. How we calculate these scores

Profitability

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc has an operating margin of -75.8%, meaning the company retains $-76 of operating profit per $100 of revenue. This below-average margin results in a low score of 0/100, suggesting thin profitability after operating expenses. This is down from -68.0% the prior year.

Growth

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's revenue grew 5.7% year-over-year to $13.3M, a solid pace of expansion. This earns a growth score of 43/100.

Leverage

100

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc carries a low D/E ratio of 0.01, meaning only $0.01 of long-term debt for every $1 of shareholders' equity. This conservative leverage earns a score of 100/100, indicating a strong balance sheet with room for future borrowing.

Liquidity

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's current ratio of 0.37 means current assets barely cover short-term liabilities. This tight liquidity results in a low score of 2/100, which could limit financial flexibility.

Cash Flow

While Novo Integrated Sciences Inc generated -$5.1M in operating cash flow, capex of $5K consumed most of it, leaving -$5.1M in free cash flow. This results in a low score of 0/100, reflecting heavy capital investment rather than weak cash generation.

Returns

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc generates a -108.6% ROE, indicating limited profit relative to shareholders' investment. This results in a returns score of 0/100. This is down from -53.3% the prior year.

Piotroski F-Score Neutral

4/9

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc passes 4 of 9 financial strength tests. 1 of 4 profitability signals pass, 1 of 3 leverage/liquidity signals pass, both operating efficiency signals pass.

Earnings Quality Low Quality

0.31x

For every $1 of reported earnings, Novo Integrated Sciences Inc generates $0.31 in operating cash flow (-$5.1M OCF vs -$16.2M net income). This low ratio suggests earnings are primarily driven by accounting accruals rather than cash generation, which may not be sustainable.

Interest Coverage At Risk

-15.4x

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc earns $-15.4 in operating income for every $1 of interest expense (-$10.1M vs $652K). This narrow margin raises concern about the company's ability to service its debt if operating income declines.

Key Financial Metrics

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Earnings & Revenue

Revenue

$13.3M

YoY+5.7%

5Y CAGR+7.1%

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc generated $13.3M in revenue in fiscal year 2024. This represents an increase of 5.7% from the prior year.

EBITDA

-$7.8M

YoY-25.0%

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's EBITDA was -$7.8M in fiscal year 2024, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. This represents a decrease of 25.0% from the prior year.

Net Income

-$16.2M

YoY-22.3%

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc reported -$16.2M in net income in fiscal year 2024. This represents a decrease of 22.3% from the prior year.

EPS (Diluted)

$-0.89

YoY+31.5%

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc earned $-0.89 per diluted share (EPS) in fiscal year 2024. This represents an increase of 31.5% from the prior year.

Cash & Balance Sheet

Free Cash Flow

-$5.1M

YoY-121.4%

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc generated -$5.1M in free cash flow in fiscal year 2024, representing cash available after capex. This represents a decrease of 121.4% from the prior year.

Cash & Debt

$845K

YoY+102.9%

5Y CAGR-16.5%

10Y CAGR+84.7%

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc held $845K in cash against $158K in long-term debt as of fiscal year 2024.

Dividends Per Share

N/A

Shares Outstanding

19M

YoY+20.9%

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc had 19M shares outstanding in fiscal year 2024. This represents an increase of 20.9% from the prior year.

Margins & Returns

Gross Margin

43.2%

YoY+3.8pp

5Y CAGR+5.8pp

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's gross margin was 43.2% in fiscal year 2024, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs. This is up 3.8 percentage points from the prior year.

Operating Margin

-75.8%

YoY-7.8pp

5Y CAGR-67.5pp

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's operating margin was -75.8% in fiscal year 2024, reflecting core business profitability. This is down 7.8 percentage points from the prior year.

Net Margin

-121.6%

YoY-16.5pp

5Y CAGR-117.4pp

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's net profit margin was -121.6% in fiscal year 2024, showing the share of revenue converted to profit. This is down 16.5 percentage points from the prior year.

Return on Equity

-108.6%

YoY-55.3pp

5Y CAGR-107.0pp

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's ROE was -108.6% in fiscal year 2024, measuring profit generated per dollar of shareholder equity. This is down 55.3 percentage points from the prior year.

Capital Allocation

R&D Spending

N/A

Share Buybacks

N/A

Capital Expenditures

$5K

YoY-89.8%

5Y CAGR-45.8%

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc invested $5K in capex in fiscal year 2024, funding long-term assets and infrastructure. This represents a decrease of 89.8% from the prior year.

NVOS Income Statement

Metric	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20	FY19
Revenue	$13.3M+5.7%	$12.6M+7.1%	$11.7M+26.1%	$9.3M+18.4%	$7.9M-16.6%	$9.4M
Cost of Revenue	$7.6M-0.9%	$7.6M+9.8%	$6.9M+26.6%	$5.5M+14.2%	$4.8M-18.6%	$5.9M
Gross Profit	$5.7M+15.9%	$5.0M+3.2%	$4.8M+25.5%	$3.8M+25.0%	$3.1M-13.1%	$3.5M
R&D Expenses	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
SG&A Expenses	$14.0M+4.1%	$13.5M-6.1%	$14.4M+77.6%	$8.1M+11.0%	$7.3M+81.3%	$4.0M
Operating Income	-$10.1M-17.8%	-$8.6M+65.8%	-$25.0M-472.2%	-$4.4M-2.6%	-$4.3M-442.6%	-$786K
Interest Expense	$652K+80.9%	$361K-77.4%	$1.6M+866.2%	$165K+5.3%	$157K-29.5%	$222K
Income Tax	N/A	N/A	-$22K	N/A	N/A	N/A
Net Income	-$16.2M-22.3%	-$13.2M+59.8%	-$32.8M-636.2%	-$4.5M+9.2%	-$4.9M-1153.9%	-$392K
EPS (Diluted)	$-0.89+31.5%	$-1.30	$-11.28	N/A	N/A	N/A

Metric	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24	Q4'23	Q3'23	Q2'23	Q1'23
Revenue	$3.1M-2.3%	$3.2M-0.6%	$3.2M-18.5%	$3.9M+17.8%	$3.3M+0.3%	$3.3M+28.8%	$2.6M-25.2%	$3.4M
Cost of Revenue	$1.5M-33.3%	$2.3M+22.1%	$1.8M-5.2%	$1.9M-18.0%	$2.4M+20.0%	$2.0M+24.8%	$1.6M-5.6%	$1.7M
Gross Profit	$1.6M+75.9%	$897K-32.3%	$1.3M-31.9%	$1.9M+109.4%	$928K-29.4%	$1.3M+35.3%	$971K-44.2%	$1.7M
R&D Expenses	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
SG&A Expenses	$2.5M-26.4%	$3.4M+19.3%	$2.9M-45.5%	$5.3M+30.7%	$4.0M+46.5%	$2.7M-0.5%	$2.8M-30.6%	$4.0M
Operating Income	-$2.7M-7.1%	-$2.5M-63.7%	-$1.5M+53.6%	-$3.3M-7.2%	-$3.1M-116.3%	-$1.4M+19.9%	-$1.8M+20.3%	-$2.2M
Interest Expense	$192K+7.5%	$178K+28.7%	$139K-3.3%	$143K+139.4%	$60K+525.8%	$10K-92.3%	$124K-25.9%	$167K
Income Tax	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Net Income	$5.0M+136.4%	-$13.7M-400.4%	-$2.7M+41.3%	-$4.7M-48.1%	-$3.2M-111.1%	-$1.5M+67.6%	-$4.6M-17.4%	-$3.9M
EPS (Diluted)	N/A	$-0.74-362.5%	$-0.16+42.9%	$-0.28	N/A	$-0.10+83.1%	$-0.59	$-1.16

NVOS Balance Sheet

Metric	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20	FY19
Total Assets	$32.1M-9.6%	$35.6M-13.0%	$40.9M-34.0%	$62.0M+75.1%	$35.4M+9.7%	$32.3M
Current Assets	$5.4M+23.4%	$4.4M-23.4%	$5.7M-48.5%	$11.1M+159.2%	$4.3M+4.8%	$4.1M
Cash & Equivalents	$845K+102.9%	$416K-80.9%	$2.2M-73.7%	$8.3M+301.1%	$2.1M-0.8%	$2.1M
Inventory	$1.0M-9.6%	$1.1M+25.9%	$879K+159.0%	$339K	N/A	N/A
Accounts Receivable	$1.9M+30.7%	$1.5M+44.2%	$1.0M-30.7%	$1.5M-15.2%	$1.7M+18.4%	$1.5M
Goodwill	$6.6M-13.6%	$7.6M-3.1%	$7.8M-17.5%	$9.5M+1389.8%	$637K+2.2%	$623K
Total Liabilities	$17.5M+58.4%	$11.1M-41.2%	$18.8M+3.7%	$18.2M+212.0%	$5.8M-13.5%	$6.7M
Current Liabilities	$14.6M+84.4%	$7.9M-43.8%	$14.1M+66.3%	$8.5M+225.5%	$2.6M-14.1%	$3.0M
Long-Term Debt	$158K-54.0%	$342K+112.1%	$161K-98.3%	$9.6M	N/A	N/A
Total Equity	$14.9M-40.0%	$24.8M+11.3%	$22.3M-49.1%	$43.9M+48.1%	$29.6M+15.8%	$25.6M
Retained Earnings	-$83.2M-24.1%	-$67.0M-24.6%	-$53.8M-156.7%	-$21.0M-27.0%	-$16.5M-42.4%	-$11.6M

Metric	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24	Q4'23	Q3'23	Q2'23	Q1'23
Total Assets	$32.1M-9.0%	$35.3M+1.1%	$34.9M-6.2%	$37.2M+4.7%	$35.6M-0.5%	$35.7M-2.0%	$36.5M-3.3%	$37.7M
Current Assets	$5.4M-12.1%	$6.2M+22.8%	$5.0M-26.3%	$6.8M+55.2%	$4.4M+9.8%	$4.0M-1.3%	$4.1M-9.1%	$4.5M
Cash & Equivalents	$845K-45.1%	$1.5M+136.3%	$652K-60.3%	$1.6M+293.9%	$416K-10.3%	$464K-23.9%	$610K-30.6%	$879K
Inventory	$1.0M-10.0%	$1.1M+17.4%	$947K-25.5%	$1.3M+14.8%	$1.1M+17.9%	$939K+1.5%	$925K-8.4%	$1.0M
Accounts Receivable	$1.9M-14.9%	$2.3M+4.5%	$2.2M-18.3%	$2.6M+79.7%	$1.5M+10.5%	$1.3M+43.8%	$924K-3.8%	$960K
Goodwill	$6.6M-12.9%	$7.5M-0.5%	$7.6M+0.1%	$7.6M-0.4%	$7.6M+0.5%	$7.5M0.0%	$7.5M-0.7%	$7.6M
Total Liabilities	$17.5M-31.7%	$25.7M+96.5%	$13.1M-6.5%	$14.0M+26.2%	$11.1M+17.0%	$9.5M-0.8%	$9.5M-44.2%	$17.1M
Current Liabilities	$14.6M-35.7%	$22.7M+127.7%	$10.0M-8.8%	$10.9M+38.1%	$7.9M+27.3%	$6.2M+0.5%	$6.2M-50.8%	$12.6M
Long-Term Debt	$158K+0.4%	$157K-0.3%	$158K+0.2%	$157K-54.1%	$342K-9.3%	$378K+140.5%	$157K-0.6%	$158K
Total Equity	$14.9M+49.6%	$10.0M-55.1%	$22.2M-5.9%	$23.6M-5.0%	$24.8M-6.6%	$26.6M-2.5%	$27.3M+30.1%	$20.9M
Retained Earnings	-$83.2M+5.7%	-$88.2M-18.5%	-$74.5M-3.8%	-$71.7M-7.0%	-$67.0M-4.9%	-$63.9M-2.4%	-$62.4M-8.0%	-$57.8M

NVOS Cash Flow Statement

Metric	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20	FY19
Operating Cash Flow	-$5.1M-126.0%	-$2.2M+61.9%	-$5.9M-474.2%	-$1.0M-132.0%	-$442K+46.3%	-$822K
Capital Expenditures	$5K-89.8%	$49K-74.1%	$190K-25.7%	$256K+2013.5%	$12K-88.7%	$108K
Free Cash Flow	-$5.1M-121.4%	-$2.3M+62.3%	-$6.1M-374.3%	-$1.3M-182.2%	-$454K+51.2%	-$930K
Investing Cash Flow	-$5K+89.8%	-$49K-130.1%	$163K-94.5%	$3.0M+356.4%	$657K+178.0%	-$843K
Financing Cash Flow	$5.0M+553.4%	$764K+278.8%	-$427K-109.9%	$4.3M+1688.9%	-$272K-108.8%	$3.1M
Dividends Paid	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Share Buybacks	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Metric	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24	Q4'23	Q3'23	Q2'23	Q1'23
Operating Cash Flow	-$546K+17.0%	-$658K+61.6%	-$1.7M+20.4%	-$2.2M-840.8%	-$229K+73.3%	-$858K+2.4%	-$879K-215.8%	-$278K
Capital Expenditures	$3K	N/A	N/A	N/A	$30K	N/A	N/A	N/A
Free Cash Flow	-$549K	N/A	N/A	N/A	-$259K	N/A	N/A	N/A
Investing Cash Flow	-$3K	N/A	N/A	N/A	-$30K	N/A	N/A	N/A
Financing Cash Flow	-$128K-107.0%	$1.8M+57066.4%	$3K-99.9%	$3.3M+605.0%	$468K-48.1%	$901K+109.9%	$429K+141.5%	-$1.0M
Dividends Paid	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Share Buybacks	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

NVOS Financial Ratios

Metric	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20	FY19
Gross Margin	43.2%+3.8pp	39.4%-1.5pp	40.9%-0.2pp	41.1%+2.2pp	38.9%+1.6pp	37.4%
Operating Margin	-75.8%-7.8pp	-68.0%+145.2pp	-213.2%-166.2pp	-47.0%+7.2pp	-54.2%-45.9pp	-8.3%
Net Margin	-121.6%-16.5pp	-105.1%+174.8pp	-279.9%-231.9pp	-47.9%+14.6pp	-62.5%-58.4pp	-4.2%
Return on Equity	-108.6%-55.3pp	-53.3%+94.0pp	-147.3%-137.1pp	-10.2%+6.4pp	-16.6%-15.1pp	-1.5%
Return on Assets	-50.3%-13.1pp	-37.2%+43.2pp	-80.4%-73.2pp	-7.2%+6.7pp	-13.9%-12.7pp	-1.2%
Current Ratio	0.37-0.2	0.56+0.1	0.41-0.9	1.32-0.3	1.65+0.3	1.35
Debt-to-Equity	0.010.0	0.010.0	0.01-0.2	0.22+0.0	0.20-0.1	0.26
FCF Margin	-38.2%-19.9pp	-18.2%+33.5pp	-51.7%-38.0pp	-13.8%-8.0pp	-5.8%+4.1pp	-9.9%

Metric	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24	Q4'23	Q3'23	Q2'23	Q1'23
Gross Margin	51.2%+22.7pp	28.5%-13.3pp	41.8%-8.2pp	50.0%+21.9pp	28.1%-11.8pp	39.9%+1.9pp	38.0%-12.9pp	50.9%
Operating Margin	-87.6%-7.6pp	-80.0%-31.4pp	-48.6%+36.7pp	-85.3%+8.4pp	-93.7%-50.2pp	-43.4%+26.4pp	-69.9%-4.3pp	-65.6%
Net Margin	162.3%+598.3pp	-436.0%-349.4pp	-86.6%+33.7pp	-120.3%-24.6pp	-95.7%-50.2pp	-45.5%+135.3pp	-180.8%-65.7pp	-115.1%
Return on Equity	33.6%+171.6pp	-138.0%-125.6pp	-12.4%+7.5pp	-19.9%-7.1pp	-12.7%-7.1pp	-5.6%+11.3pp	-17.0%+1.8pp	-18.8%
Return on Assets	15.6%+54.5pp	-38.9%-31.0pp	-7.9%+4.7pp	-12.6%-3.7pp	-8.9%-4.7pp	-4.2%+8.5pp	-12.7%-2.2pp	-10.4%
Current Ratio	0.37+0.1	0.27-0.2	0.50-0.1	0.62+0.1	0.56-0.1	0.64-0.0	0.66+0.3	0.35
Debt-to-Equity	0.010.0	0.020.0	0.010.0	0.010.0	0.010.0	0.010.0	0.010.0	0.01
FCF Margin	-17.8%	N/A	N/A	N/A	-7.8%	N/A	N/A	N/A

Note: The current ratio is below 1.0 (0.37), indicating current liabilities exceed current assets, which may suggest potential short-term liquidity concerns.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's annual revenue?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) reported $13.3M in total revenue for fiscal year 2024. This represents a 5.7% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Revenue measures the total income earned from the company's primary business operations before any expenses are deducted.

How fast is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's revenue growing?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) revenue grew by 5.7% year-over-year, from $12.6M to $13.3M in fiscal year 2024.

Is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc profitable?

No, Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) reported a net income of -$16.2M in fiscal year 2024, with a net profit margin of -121.6%.

What is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's EBITDA?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) had EBITDA of -$7.8M in fiscal year 2024, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.

How much debt does Novo Integrated Sciences Inc have?

As of fiscal year 2024, Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) had $845K in cash and equivalents against $158K in long-term debt.

What is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's gross margin?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) had a gross margin of 43.2% in fiscal year 2024, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs of goods sold.

What is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's operating margin?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) had an operating margin of -75.8% in fiscal year 2024, reflecting the profitability of core business operations before interest and taxes.

What is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's net profit margin?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) had a net profit margin of -121.6% in fiscal year 2024, representing the share of revenue converted into profit after all expenses.

What is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's return on equity (ROE)?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) has a return on equity of -108.6% for fiscal year 2024, measuring how efficiently the company generates profit from shareholder equity.

What is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's free cash flow?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) generated -$5.1M in free cash flow during fiscal year 2024. This represents a -121.4% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Free cash flow represents the cash a company generates after accounting for capital expenditures, and is widely used to assess financial flexibility and shareholder value.

What is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's operating cash flow?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) generated -$5.1M in operating cash flow during fiscal year 2024, representing cash generated from core business activities.

What are Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's total assets?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) had $32.1M in total assets as of fiscal year 2024, including both current and long-term assets.

What are Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's capital expenditures?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) invested $5K in capital expenditures during fiscal year 2024, funding long-term assets and infrastructure.

How many shares does Novo Integrated Sciences Inc have outstanding?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) had 19M shares outstanding as of fiscal year 2024.

What is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's current ratio?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) had a current ratio of 0.37 as of fiscal year 2024, which is below 1.0, which may suggest potential liquidity concerns.

What is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's debt-to-equity ratio?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) had a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.01 as of fiscal year 2024, measuring the company's financial leverage by comparing total debt to shareholder equity.

What is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's return on assets (ROA)?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) had a return on assets of -50.3% for fiscal year 2024, measuring how efficiently the company uses its assets to generate profit.

What is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's cash runway?

Based on fiscal year 2024 data, Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) had $845K in cash against an annual operating cash burn of $5.1M. This gives an estimated cash runway of approximately 2 months at the current burn rate. Cash runway measures how long a company can continue operating before running out of cash, assuming no additional funding.

What is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's Piotroski F-Score?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) has a Piotroski F-Score of 4 out of 9, indicating neutral financial health. The F-Score evaluates nine binary signals across profitability (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, earnings quality), leverage (decreasing debt, improving liquidity, no share dilution), and operating efficiency (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Scores of 7–9 indicate strong and improving fundamentals. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

Are Novo Integrated Sciences Inc's earnings high quality?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) has an earnings quality ratio of 0.31x, considered low quality (accrual-driven). This ratio compares operating cash flow to net income. A ratio above 1.0x means the company generates more cash than its reported earnings, indicating sustainable, cash-backed profits. Ratios below 1.0x suggest earnings rely on accounting accruals rather than actual cash generation. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

Can Novo Integrated Sciences Inc cover its interest payments?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) has an interest coverage ratio of -15.4x, meaning it can struggle to cover its interest obligations. This ratio divides operating income by interest expense. Ratios above 5x indicate strong debt-servicing ability, while ratios below 2x suggest the company may face difficulty meeting interest payments if earnings decline. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

How financially healthy is Novo Integrated Sciences Inc?

Novo Integrated Sciences Inc (NVOS) scores 24 out of 100 on our Financial Profile, indicating weak overall financial health. This composite score evaluates six dimensions: profitability (operating margin), revenue growth, leverage (debt-to-equity), liquidity (current ratio), cash flow quality (free cash flow margin), and shareholder returns (return on equity). Each dimension is normalized against standard financial benchmarks. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.