What is Gigacloud Tech's earnings per share (EPS)?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) reported diluted earnings per share of $3.59 for fiscal year 2025. This represents a 17.7% change compared to the previous fiscal year. EPS represents the portion of a company's net income allocated to each outstanding share of common stock and is widely used to evaluate profitability on a per-share basis.

Gigacloud Tech Financials

GCT

Source SEC Filings (10-K/10-Q) Updated Dec 31, 2025 Currency USD FYE December

This page shows Gigacloud Tech (GCT) financial statements, including the income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and key financial ratios. View 6 years of annual fundamentals and quarterly data, with year-over-year growth rates and compound annual growth rates (CAGR). All figures are derived from SEC filings (10-K and 10-Q reports).

Financial Health Signals

Financial Profile 57/100

Based on FY2025 annual data. Scores normalized against common benchmarks. How we calculate these scores

Profitability

Gigacloud Tech has an operating margin of 11.2%, meaning the company retains $11 of operating profit per $100 of revenue. This results in a moderate score of 47/100, indicating healthy but not exceptional operating efficiency. This is down from 11.3% the prior year.

Growth

Gigacloud Tech's revenue grew 11.1% year-over-year to $1.3B, a solid pace of expansion. This earns a growth score of 52/100.

Leverage

Gigacloud Tech carries a low D/E ratio of 1.48, meaning only $1.48 of long-term debt for every $1 of shareholders' equity. This conservative leverage earns a score of 72/100, indicating a strong balance sheet with room for future borrowing.

Liquidity

Gigacloud Tech's current ratio of 2.02 indicates adequate short-term liquidity, earning a score of 37/100. The company can meet its near-term obligations, though with limited headroom.

Cash Flow

Gigacloud Tech has a free cash flow margin of 14.2%, earning a moderate score of 60/100. The company generates positive cash flow after capital investments, but with room for improvement.

Returns

Gigacloud Tech earns a strong 28.3% return on equity (ROE), meaning it generates $28 of profit for every $100 of shareholders' equity. This efficient capital use earns a returns score of 74/100. This is down from 31.1% the prior year.

Altman Z-Score Safe

3.66

Gigacloud Tech scores 3.66, well above the 2.99 safe threshold. This indicates low bankruptcy risk based on profitability, leverage, and asset efficiency.

Piotroski F-Score Weak

3/9

Gigacloud Tech passes 3 of 9 financial strength tests. 3 of 4 profitability signals pass, no leverage/liquidity signals pass (rising debt, declining liquidity, or share dilution), neither operating efficiency signal passes.

Earnings Quality Cash-Backed

1.39x

For every $1 of reported earnings, Gigacloud Tech generates $1.39 in operating cash flow ($190.7M OCF vs $137.4M net income). This indicates profits are well-supported by actual cash generation, not accounting adjustments.

Interest Coverage Safe

724.9x

Gigacloud Tech earns $724.9 in operating income for every $1 of interest expense ($145.0M vs $200K). This wide margin provides strong safety for debt servicing, even if earnings decline temporarily.

Key Financial Metrics

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Earnings & Revenue

Revenue

$1.3B

YoY+11.1%

5Y CAGR+36.2%

Gigacloud Tech generated $1.3B in revenue in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 11.1% from the prior year.

EBITDA

$153.3M

YoY+10.2%

5Y CAGR+28.1%

Gigacloud Tech's EBITDA was $153.3M in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. This represents an increase of 10.2% from the prior year.

Net Income

$137.4M

YoY+9.2%

5Y CAGR+29.7%

Gigacloud Tech reported $137.4M in net income in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 9.2% from the prior year.

EPS (Diluted)

$3.59

YoY+17.7%

5Y CAGR+21.4%

Gigacloud Tech earned $3.59 per diluted share (EPS) in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 17.7% from the prior year.

Cash & Balance Sheet

Free Cash Flow

$182.8M

YoY+28.2%

5Y CAGR+41.1%

Gigacloud Tech generated $182.8M in free cash flow in fiscal year 2025, representing cash available after capex. This represents an increase of 28.2% from the prior year.

Cash & Debt

$379.8M

YoY+46.2%

5Y CAGR+43.6%

Gigacloud Tech held $379.8M in cash against $0 in long-term debt as of fiscal year 2025.

Dividends Per Share

N/A

Shares Outstanding

N/A

Margins & Returns

Gross Margin

23.3%

YoY-1.3pp

5Y CAGR-4.0pp

Gigacloud Tech's gross margin was 23.3% in fiscal year 2025, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs. This is down 1.3 percentage points from the prior year.

Operating Margin

11.2%

YoY-0.0pp

5Y CAGR-4.8pp

Gigacloud Tech's operating margin was 11.2% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting core business profitability. This is down 0.0 percentage points from the prior year.

Net Margin

10.7%

YoY-0.2pp

5Y CAGR-3.0pp

Gigacloud Tech's net profit margin was 10.7% in fiscal year 2025, showing the share of revenue converted to profit. This is down 0.2 percentage points from the prior year.

Return on Equity

28.3%

YoY-2.8pp

5Y CAGR-32.5pp

Gigacloud Tech's ROE was 28.3% in fiscal year 2025, measuring profit generated per dollar of shareholder equity. This is down 2.8 percentage points from the prior year.

Capital Allocation

R&D Spending

$10.8M

YoY+10.6%

Gigacloud Tech invested $10.8M in research and development in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 10.6% from the prior year.

Share Buybacks

$67.4M

YoY+190.0%

5Y CAGR+94.3%

Gigacloud Tech spent $67.4M on share buybacks in fiscal year 2025, returning capital to shareholders by reducing shares outstanding. This represents an increase of 190.0% from the prior year.

Capital Expenditures

$7.9M

YoY-49.3%

5Y CAGR+64.5%

Gigacloud Tech invested $7.9M in capex in fiscal year 2025, funding long-term assets and infrastructure. This represents a decrease of 49.3% from the prior year.

GCT Income Statement

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Revenue	$1.3B+11.1%	$1.2B+65.0%	$703.8M+43.6%	$490.1M+18.3%	$414.2M+50.4%	$275.5M
Cost of Revenue	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Gross Profit	$300.7M+5.4%	$285.2M+51.2%	$188.6M+127.0%	$83.1M-7.2%	$89.6M+19.3%	$75.1M
R&D Expenses	$10.8M+10.6%	$9.8M+149.5%	$3.9M+175.2%	$1.4M	$0	$0
SG&A Expenses	$46.6M-37.0%	$73.9M+146.4%	$30.0M+32.6%	$22.6M-7.7%	$24.5M+181.2%	$8.7M
Operating Income	$145.0M+11.0%	$130.6M+18.7%	$110.1M+214.3%	$35.0M-11.0%	$39.4M-10.9%	$44.2M
Interest Expense	$200K-21.9%	$256K-79.4%	$1.2M+118.3%	$568K+83.8%	$309K+571.7%	$46K
Income Tax	$23.8M+60.9%	$14.8M-29.1%	$20.9M+190.4%	$7.2M-15.1%	$8.5M+8.3%	$7.8M
Net Income	$137.4M+9.2%	$125.8M+33.7%	$94.1M+292.6%	$24.0M-18.1%	$29.3M-21.9%	$37.5M
EPS (Diluted)	$3.59+17.7%	$3.05+32.6%	$2.30+283.3%	$0.60-31.8%	$0.88-35.3%	$1.36

Metric	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24
Revenue	$362.7M+9.1%	$332.6M+3.1%	$322.6M+18.6%	$271.9M-8.1%	$295.8M-2.5%	$303.3M-2.4%	$310.9M+23.8%	$251.1M
Cost of Revenue	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Gross Profit	$82.9M+7.7%	$77.0M+0.1%	$76.9M+20.7%	$63.7M-1.9%	$65.0M-15.9%	$77.3M+1.1%	$76.4M+14.9%	$66.5M
R&D Expenses	$2.6M+3.4%	$2.5M-20.4%	$3.2M+27.7%	$2.5M+5.8%	$2.4M-8.8%	$2.6M-16.6%	$3.1M+76.4%	$1.8M
SG&A Expenses	$10.7M+25.4%	$8.5M-34.7%	$13.0M-9.1%	$14.3M-15.5%	$17.0M+11.0%	$15.3M-41.8%	$26.3M+70.8%	$15.4M
Operating Income	$40.3M-0.6%	$40.5M+13.0%	$35.8M+26.6%	$28.3M+2.5%	$27.6M-32.1%	$40.7M+48.4%	$27.4M-21.2%	$34.8M
Interest Expense	$74K+4.2%	$71K+121.9%	$32K+39.1%	$23K-20.7%	$29K-66.7%	$87K+47.5%	$59K-27.2%	$81K
Income Tax	N/A	$6.9M	N/A	$5.4M+1035.3%	-$573K-108.0%	$7.2M+248.1%	$2.1M-66.3%	$6.1M
Net Income	$38.5M+3.6%	$37.2M+7.6%	$34.6M+27.3%	$27.1M-12.3%	$31.0M-23.9%	$40.7M+50.9%	$27.0M-0.8%	$27.2M
EPS (Diluted)	N/A	$0.99+8.8%	$0.91+33.8%	$0.68	N/A	$0.98+50.8%	$0.65-1.5%	$0.66

GCT Balance Sheet

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Total Assets	$1.2B+12.3%	$1.1B+26.4%	$846.9M+102.3%	$418.6M+124.1%	$186.8M	N/A
Current Assets	$690.7M+26.1%	$547.6M+39.4%	$392.8M+52.2%	$258.1M+49.7%	$172.4M	N/A
Cash & Equivalents	$379.8M+46.2%	$259.8M+41.7%	$183.3M+27.7%	$143.5M+127.1%	$63.2M+1.6%	$62.2M
Inventory	$188.3M+9.2%	$172.5M+30.4%	$132.2M+68.8%	$78.3M-3.8%	$81.4M	N/A
Accounts Receivable	$66.0M+15.1%	$57.3M-2.7%	$58.9M+116.9%	$27.1M+50.5%	$18.0M	N/A
Goodwill	$12.6M0.0%	$12.6M0.0%	$12.6M	$0	N/A	N/A
Total Liabilities	$716.7M+7.7%	$665.3M+19.5%	$556.5M+149.1%	$223.4M+266.6%	$60.9M	N/A
Current Liabilities	$342.2M+29.5%	$264.4M+28.5%	$205.8M+100.5%	$102.6M+79.9%	$57.0M	N/A
Long-Term Debt	N/A	N/A	$0	$0-100.0%	$237K	N/A
Total Equity	$485.8M+19.9%	$405.2M+39.5%	$290.4M+48.8%	$195.2M+96.8%	$99.2M+61.0%	$61.6M
Retained Earnings	$400.9M+34.1%	$298.9M+68.2%	$177.7M+112.6%	$83.6M+38.0%	$60.6M	N/A

Metric	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24
Total Assets	$1.2B+7.0%	$1.1B+3.8%	$1.1B-0.8%	$1.1B+1.9%	$1.1B-0.3%	$1.1B+1.7%	$1.1B+7.9%	$977.6M
Current Assets	$690.7M+11.0%	$622.0M+7.7%	$577.3M-0.3%	$579.2M+5.8%	$547.6M+3.8%	$527.7M+7.0%	$493.4M+7.1%	$460.7M
Cash & Equivalents	$379.8M+13.4%	$334.9M+39.5%	$240.1M-4.6%	$251.7M-3.1%	$259.8M+19.4%	$217.6M+17.2%	$185.6M+0.2%	$185.2M
Inventory	$188.3M+6.8%	$176.4M-5.6%	$186.8M-8.8%	$204.9M+18.8%	$172.5M-5.9%	$183.3M-7.2%	$197.6M+6.1%	$186.1M
Accounts Receivable	$66.0M+10.3%	$59.8M-13.9%	$69.4M+3.7%	$67.0M+16.9%	$57.3M-8.4%	$62.5M-10.2%	$69.6M+17.2%	$59.4M
Goodwill	$12.6M0.0%	$12.6M0.0%	$12.6M0.0%	$12.6M0.0%	$12.6M0.0%	$12.6M0.0%	$12.6M0.0%	$12.6M
Total Liabilities	$716.7M+7.5%	$666.8M+2.4%	$651.3M-4.0%	$678.1M+1.9%	$665.3M-1.1%	$673.0M-3.4%	$696.6M+5.6%	$659.8M
Current Liabilities	$342.2M+14.2%	$299.6M+9.4%	$273.9M-6.1%	$291.8M+10.4%	$264.4M+6.9%	$247.3M-0.7%	$249.0M-1.1%	$251.7M
Long-Term Debt	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Total Equity	$485.8M+6.2%	$457.3M+6.0%	$431.4M+4.5%	$412.9M+1.9%	$405.2M+1.2%	$400.4M+11.7%	$358.4M+12.8%	$317.8M
Retained Earnings	$400.9M+6.2%	$377.5M+10.9%	$340.3M+4.4%	$326.0M+9.1%	$298.9M+9.7%	$272.5M+17.5%	$231.9M+13.2%	$204.9M

GCT Cash Flow Statement

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Operating Cash Flow	$190.7M+20.6%	$158.1M+18.5%	$133.5M+168.8%	$49.7M+480.4%	$8.6M-74.3%	$33.3M
Capital Expenditures	$7.9M-49.3%	$15.5M+254.7%	$4.4M+517.8%	$709K-61.2%	$1.8M+179.1%	$654K
Free Cash Flow	$182.8M+28.2%	$142.5M+10.4%	$129.1M+163.7%	$48.9M+627.2%	$6.7M-79.4%	$32.6M
Investing Cash Flow	-$5.1M+90.8%	-$55.4M+38.8%	-$90.5M-12671.1%	-$709K+61.2%	-$1.8M-182.1%	-$647K
Financing Cash Flow	-$67.8M-171.5%	-$25.0M-523.8%	-$4.0M-112.6%	$31.9M+1178.7%	-$3.0M-112.7%	$23.3M
Dividends Paid	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Share Buybacks	$67.4M+190.0%	$23.2M+1358.2%	$1.6M	$0	$0-100.0%	$2.4M

Metric	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24
Operating Cash Flow	$64.4M-17.7%	$78.3M+102.7%	$38.6M+309.3%	$9.4M-86.2%	$68.4M+23.8%	$55.2M+189.1%	$19.1M+24.8%	$15.3M
Capital Expenditures	$2.7M+127.8%	$1.2M-24.5%	$1.6M-34.2%	$2.4M+59.9%	$1.5M-61.0%	$3.8M-38.1%	$6.2M+55.3%	$4.0M
Free Cash Flow	$61.7M-20.0%	$77.1M+108.1%	$37.0M+426.2%	$7.0M-89.5%	$66.9M+30.2%	$51.4M+298.3%	$12.9M+14.0%	$11.3M
Investing Cash Flow	-$8.7M-131.2%	$27.7M+196.3%	-$28.8M-722.8%	$4.6M+435.9%	-$1.4M+94.2%	-$23.6M-31.8%	-$17.9M-43.8%	-$12.5M
Financing Cash Flow	-$10.1M+11.6%	-$11.4M+51.1%	-$23.4M-2.9%	-$22.8M+2.6%	-$23.4M-5213.6%	-$440K+20.6%	-$554K+6.9%	-$595K
Dividends Paid	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Share Buybacks	N/A	N/A	N/A	$22.7M-2.2%	$23.2M	N/A	N/A	$0

GCT Financial Ratios

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Gross Margin	23.3%-1.3pp	24.6%-2.2pp	26.8%+9.8pp	17.0%-4.7pp	21.6%-5.6pp	27.3%
Operating Margin	11.2%-0.0pp	11.3%-4.4pp	15.6%+8.5pp	7.1%-2.4pp	9.5%-6.5pp	16.0%
Net Margin	10.7%-0.2pp	10.8%-2.5pp	13.4%+8.5pp	4.9%-2.2pp	7.1%-6.5pp	13.6%
Return on Equity	28.3%-2.8pp	31.1%-1.4pp	32.4%+20.1pp	12.3%-17.2pp	29.5%-31.3pp	60.8%
Return on Assets	11.4%-0.3pp	11.8%+0.6pp	11.1%+5.4pp	5.7%-9.9pp	15.7%	N/A
Current Ratio	2.02-0.1	2.07+0.2	1.91-0.6	2.51-0.5	3.02	N/A
Debt-to-Equity	1.48-0.2	1.64+1.6	0.000.0	0.000.0	0.00	N/A
FCF Margin	14.2%+1.9pp	12.3%-6.1pp	18.3%+8.3pp	10.0%+8.4pp	1.6%-10.2pp	11.8%

Metric	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24
Gross Margin	22.9%-0.3pp	23.2%-0.7pp	23.8%+0.4pp	23.4%+1.5pp	22.0%-3.5pp	25.5%+0.9pp	24.6%-1.9pp	26.5%
Operating Margin	11.1%-1.1pp	12.2%+1.1pp	11.1%+0.7pp	10.4%+1.1pp	9.3%-4.1pp	13.4%+4.6pp	8.8%-5.0pp	13.9%
Net Margin	10.6%-0.6pp	11.2%+0.5pp	10.7%+0.7pp	10.0%-0.5pp	10.5%-2.9pp	13.4%+4.7pp	8.7%-2.1pp	10.8%
Return on Equity	7.9%-0.2pp	8.1%+0.1pp	8.0%+1.4pp	6.6%-1.1pp	7.6%-2.5pp	10.2%+2.6pp	7.5%-1.0pp	8.6%
Return on Assets	3.2%-0.1pp	3.3%+0.1pp	3.2%+0.7pp	2.5%-0.4pp	2.9%-0.9pp	3.8%+1.2pp	2.6%-0.2pp	2.8%
Current Ratio	2.02-0.1	2.08-0.0	2.11+0.1	1.98-0.1	2.07-0.1	2.13+0.2	1.98+0.2	1.83
Debt-to-Equity	1.48+0.0	1.46-0.1	1.51-0.1	1.640.0	1.64-0.0	1.68-0.3	1.94-0.1	2.08
FCF Margin	17.0%-6.2pp	23.2%+11.7pp	11.5%+8.9pp	2.6%-20.0pp	22.6%+5.7pp	17.0%+12.8pp	4.2%-0.4pp	4.5%

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Gigacloud Tech's annual revenue?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) reported $1.3B in total revenue for fiscal year 2025. This represents a 11.1% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Revenue measures the total income earned from the company's primary business operations before any expenses are deducted.

How fast is Gigacloud Tech's revenue growing?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) revenue grew by 11.1% year-over-year, from $1.2B to $1.3B in fiscal year 2025.

Is Gigacloud Tech profitable?

Yes, Gigacloud Tech (GCT) reported a net income of $137.4M in fiscal year 2025, with a net profit margin of 10.7%.

What is Gigacloud Tech's EBITDA?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) had EBITDA of $153.3M in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.

What is Gigacloud Tech's gross margin?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) had a gross margin of 23.3% in fiscal year 2025, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs of goods sold.

What is Gigacloud Tech's operating margin?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) had an operating margin of 11.2% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting the profitability of core business operations before interest and taxes.

What is Gigacloud Tech's net profit margin?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) had a net profit margin of 10.7% in fiscal year 2025, representing the share of revenue converted into profit after all expenses.

What is Gigacloud Tech's return on equity (ROE)?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) has a return on equity of 28.3% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company generates profit from shareholder equity.

What is Gigacloud Tech's free cash flow?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) generated $182.8M in free cash flow during fiscal year 2025. This represents a 28.2% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Free cash flow represents the cash a company generates after accounting for capital expenditures, and is widely used to assess financial flexibility and shareholder value.

What is Gigacloud Tech's operating cash flow?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) generated $190.7M in operating cash flow during fiscal year 2025, representing cash generated from core business activities.

What are Gigacloud Tech's total assets?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) had $1.2B in total assets as of fiscal year 2025, including both current and long-term assets.

What are Gigacloud Tech's capital expenditures?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) invested $7.9M in capital expenditures during fiscal year 2025, funding long-term assets and infrastructure.

How much does Gigacloud Tech spend on research and development?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) invested $10.8M in research and development during fiscal year 2025.

Does Gigacloud Tech buy back shares?

Yes, Gigacloud Tech (GCT) spent $67.4M on share buybacks during fiscal year 2025, returning capital to shareholders by reducing shares outstanding.

What is Gigacloud Tech's current ratio?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) had a current ratio of 2.02 as of fiscal year 2025, which is generally considered healthy.

What is Gigacloud Tech's debt-to-equity ratio?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) had a debt-to-equity ratio of 1.48 as of fiscal year 2025, measuring the company's financial leverage by comparing total debt to shareholder equity.

What is Gigacloud Tech's return on assets (ROA)?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) had a return on assets of 11.4% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company uses its assets to generate profit.

What is Gigacloud Tech's Altman Z-Score?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) has an Altman Z-Score of 3.66, placing it in the Safe Zone (low bankruptcy risk). The Z-Score combines five financial ratios—working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market capitalization, and revenue relative to total assets—to predict the likelihood of bankruptcy. Scores above 2.99 indicate financial safety while scores below 1.81 suggest financial distress. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

What is Gigacloud Tech's Piotroski F-Score?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) has a Piotroski F-Score of 3 out of 9, indicating weak financial health. The F-Score evaluates nine binary signals across profitability (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, earnings quality), leverage (decreasing debt, improving liquidity, no share dilution), and operating efficiency (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Scores of 7–9 indicate strong and improving fundamentals. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

Are Gigacloud Tech's earnings high quality?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) has an earnings quality ratio of 1.39x, considered cash-backed (high quality). This ratio compares operating cash flow to net income. A ratio above 1.0x means the company generates more cash than its reported earnings, indicating sustainable, cash-backed profits. Ratios below 1.0x suggest earnings rely on accounting accruals rather than actual cash generation. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

Can Gigacloud Tech cover its interest payments?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) has an interest coverage ratio of 724.9x, meaning it can comfortably cover its interest obligations. This ratio divides operating income by interest expense. Ratios above 5x indicate strong debt-servicing ability, while ratios below 2x suggest the company may face difficulty meeting interest payments if earnings decline. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

How financially healthy is Gigacloud Tech?

Gigacloud Tech (GCT) scores 57 out of 100 on our Financial Profile, indicating moderate overall financial health. This composite score evaluates six dimensions: profitability (operating margin), revenue growth, leverage (debt-to-equity), liquidity (current ratio), cash flow quality (free cash flow margin), and shareholder returns (return on equity). Each dimension is normalized against standard financial benchmarks. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.