Toast Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Financial Results

Rhea-AI Summary

Toast (NYSE: TOST) reported strong financial results for Q4 2023, with ARR reaching $1.2 billion, GPV increasing to $33.7 billion, and revenue growing 35% year over year. The company ended 2023 with over 106,000 locations and saw a 34% increase in total locations. Toast's gross profit and non-GAAP gross profit showed significant growth, with subscription services and financial technology solutions also performing well. Despite a net loss in Q4 2023, the company's Adjusted EBITDA improved. For the full year 2023, Toast reported revenue growth of 42% to $3.9 billion and GPV growth of 38% to $126.1 billion. The company's outlook for 2024 indicates further growth in non-GAAP subscription services and financial technology solutions gross profit and Adjusted EBITDA.

Positive

• Strong financial results for Toast in Q4 2023 with ARR reaching $1.2 billion and revenue growing 35% year over year.
• Toast ended 2023 with over 106,000 locations, showing a 34% increase in total locations.
• Gross profit and non-GAAP gross profit increased significantly, with subscription services and financial technology solutions also performing well.
• The company reported a net loss in Q4 2023 but showed improvement in Adjusted EBITDA.
• Full year 2023 saw revenue growth of 42% to $3.9 billion and GPV growth of 38% to $126.1 billion.
• Toast's outlook for 2024 indicates further growth in non-GAAP subscription services and financial technology solutions gross profit and Adjusted EBITDA.

Negative

• None.

Insights

Financial Analyst

The reported Annualized Recurring Run-rate (ARR) growth of 35% to over $1.2 billion indicates a robust expansion in Toast's customer base, which is a positive sign for investors. This metric is essential as it reflects the predictable and recurring revenue streams from Toast's subscription-based services. The increase in ARR suggests a growing market acceptance of Toast's offerings and a solid foundation for future revenue.

The authorization of a share repurchase program is another significant development. This move is often interpreted positively by the market as it can indicate that the company believes its stock is undervalued. It can also be accretive to earnings per share by reducing the number of shares outstanding, potentially leading to a higher stock price.

The anticipation of achieving GAAP Operating Income profit by the first half of 2025 is a forward-looking statement that may boost investor confidence. It suggests that the company is moving towards profitability, which is a critical milestone for any high-growth company.

Market Research Analyst

Toast's significant growth in Gross Payment Volume (GPV), which increased by 32% year over year to $33.7 billion, reflects increased payment processing through their platform. This metric is crucial as it indicates the total dollar value of transactions processed and is an indicator of the company's scale and the usage intensity of its platform.

The 34% year-over-year increase in Total Locations to approximately 106,000 signifies Toast's expanding market penetration. This expansion is vital for the company's ecosystem, as more locations can lead to network effects, where the value of Toast's platform increases as more participants use it.

Furthermore, the positive trend in Free Cash Flow, which improved from negative to positive, suggests that the company is becoming increasingly efficient in its operations and is moving towards a more sustainable financial position.

Economist

The reported financial results, particularly the transition from a net loss to a positive Adjusted EBITDA, are indicative of Toast's improving operational efficiency and cost management. This transition is a critical aspect for the company's long-term financial health and can signal to investors that the company is on a path to sustainable growth.

The improvement in net cash provided by operating activities is a strong indicator of the company's ability to generate cash from its core business operations. This is a positive sign for the company's liquidity and its ability to reinvest in growth or return capital to shareholders.

Overall, the financial performance suggests that Toast is effectively leveraging its market position to capitalize on the growing digitalization trend within the restaurant industry, which has been accelerated by the pandemic and changing consumer preferences.

Ended 2023 with approximately 106,000 Locations; added over 6,500 net new Locations in fourth quarter

Annualized recurring run-rate (ARR) as of December 31, 2023 increased 35% to over $1.2 billion

Toast’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program

Anticipate GAAP Operating Income profit by first half 2025

BOSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Toast (NYSE: TOST), the all-in-one digital technology platform built for restaurants, today reported financial results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2023.

Financial Highlights for the Fourth Quarter of 2023

• ARR as of December 31, 2023 was $1.2 billion, up 35% year over year.
• Gross Payment Volume (GPV) increased 32% year over year to $33.7 billion.
• Total Locations increased 34% year over year to approximately 106,000.
• Revenue for Q4 2023 grew 35% year over year to $1.0 billion.
• Gross profit of $226 million was up 43% year over year from Q4 2022. Non-GAAP gross profit grew 42% year over year to $245 million.
• Subscription services and financial technology solutions gross profit was up 35% year over year from Q4 2022 to $270 million. Non-GAAP subscription services and financial technology solutions gross profit grew 36% year over year to $281 million.
• Net loss was $(36) million in Q4 2023 compared to net loss of $(99) million in Q4 2022. Adjusted EBITDA was $29 million in Q4 2023 compared to Adjusted EBITDA of $(18) million in Q4 2022.
• Net cash provided by operating activities of $92 million and Free Cash Flow of $81 million in Q4 2023, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $(19) million and Free Cash Flow of $(29) million in Q4 2022.

Financial Highlights for the Full Year 2023

• Revenue for the full year 2023 grew 42% year over year to $3.9 billion.
• GPV for the full year 2023 increased 38% year over year to $126.1 billion.
• Gross profit of $834 million was up 63% year over year from full year 2022. Non-GAAP gross profit grew 61% year over year to $903 million.
• Subscription services and financial technology solutions gross profit was up 48% year over year from full year 2022 to $1.0 billion. Non-GAAP subscription services and financial technology solutions gross profit grew 49% year over year to $1.1 billion.
• Net loss was $(246) million in full year 2023 compared to net loss of $(275) million for the full year 2022. Adjusted EBITDA was $61 million in full year 2023 compared to Adjusted EBITDA of $(115) million in full year 2022.
• Net cash provided by operating activities of $135 million and Free Cash Flow of $93 million in full year 2023, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $(156) million and Free Cash Flow of $(189) million in full year 2022.

For more information on the non-GAAP financial measures and key metrics discussed in this press release, please see the sections titled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” and “Key Business Metrics,” as well as the reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures to their nearest comparable GAAP financial measures at the end of this press release.

Outlook⁽¹⁾

For the first quarter ending March 31, 2024, Toast expects to report:

• Non-GAAP subscription services and financial technology solutions gross profit in the range of $275 million to $285 million (20-24% growth compared to Q1 2023)
• Adjusted EBITDA in the range of $15 million to $25 million

For the full year ending December 31, 2024, Toast expects to report:

• Non-GAAP subscription services and financial technology solutions gross profit in the range of $1,300 million to $1,320 million (23-25% growth compared to 2023)
• Adjusted EBITDA in the range of $200 million to $220 million

The outlook provided above constitutes forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable securities laws and is based on a number of assumptions and subject to a number of risks. See cautionary note regarding “Forward-looking Statements” in this press release.

Beginning in fiscal year 2024, Toast is providing forward-looking guidance for Non-GAAP Subscription Services and Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit which Toast considers its recurring gross profit streams. This is defined as subscription services gross profit (GAAP) and financial technology solutions gross profit (GAAP), adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax expense, and depreciation and amortization expense, as set forth below (including historical comparison for reference):

	Three Months Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)		2023			2022			2023			2022
Gross profit (GAAP):
Subscription services	$	94		$	63		$	334		$	212
Financial technology solutions		176			137			686			476
Adjustments:
Stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax		5			4			20			13
Depreciation and amortization		6			3			17			10
Non-GAAP Subscription Services and Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit (Non-GAAP)	$	281		$	207		$	1,057		$	711

____________________ (1) A reconciliation of these forward looking Non-GAAP measures to the corresponding GAAP measure is not available without unreasonable effort because of the inherent difficulty of accurately forecasting the occurrence and financial impact of the various adjusting items necessary for such reconciliations that have not yet occurred, are out of our control, or cannot be reasonably predicted, including but not limited to the change in fair value of our warrant liability and stock-based compensation. For the same reasons, the Company is unable to assess the probable significance of the unavailable information, which could have a material impact on its future GAAP financial results.

Company Restructuring

On February 13, 2024, Toast’s Board of Directors approved a restructuring plan (the “Plan”) designed to promote overall operating expense efficiency, including a reduction in force that is expected to impact approximately 550 employees, as well as certain other actions to reorganize the Company’s facilities and operations. The Company expects to complete the Plan by the end of fiscal year 2024. As part of this Plan, the Company expects to incur restructuring and restructuring-related charges of approximately $45 to $55 million, primarily related to severance and severance-related costs and certain other costs related to facilities. Substantially all of these charges are expected to be incurred in the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.

Share Repurchase Program

On February 13, 2024, Toast’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $250 million of its Class A common stock. The Company intends to opportunistically repurchase shares based on market conditions, providing a way to return capital to stockholders and offset a portion of dilution associated with employee equity grants. The Company plans to repurchase shares through open market repurchases or Rule 10b5-1 plans. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including price, general business and market conditions, and alternative investment opportunities.

Recent Business Highlights

• Effective January 1, 2024, Aman Narang became Toast’s Chief Executive Officer, taking over from Chris Comparato. Mr. Narang previously served as Toast’s Co-President since December 2012 and Chief Operating Officer since June 2021. Both Mr. Comparato and Mr. Narang remain on Toast’s Board of Directors. Lead Independent Director Mark Hawkins became Chair of Toast’s Board of Directors, also effective January 1, 2024.
• Toast signed agreements with Caribou Coffee and Choice Hotels International. Caribou Coffee will implement Toast Enterprise Solutions across 500 initial coffeehouse locations in the United States. Choice Hotels International will make Toast for Hotel Restaurants technology a brand standard for two of Choice’s upscale brands, Cambria Hotels and Radisson. Toast is also a qualified vendor for Choice’s other brands.
• Toast announced a milestone for its Toast Fundraising feature, which enabled restaurants to raise $1.5M for various causes in 2023. Created in 2023 and available to Toast customers at no additional cost, the Toast Fundraising feature enables restaurants to select a charitable cause to support, giving guests the option to round up their check to the next dollar and donate the difference or contribute a flat donation.

Conference Call Information

Toast will host a live conference call at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on Thursday, February 15, 2024. The live webcast of the conference call can be accessed through Toast’s investor relations website at http://investors.toasttab.com. A replay of the webcast will be available for a period of 90 days after the call.

Toast has used, and intends to continue to use, its Investor Relations website (http://investors.toasttab.com), as well as the Toast Newsroom (https://pos.toasttab.com/news), as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with its disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Information on or that can be accessed through Toast’s Investor Relations website, or that is contained in any website to which a hyperlink is provided herein is not part of this press release, and the inclusion of Toast’s Investor Relations website address, and any hyperlinks are only inactive textual references.

About Toast

Toast is a cloud-based, all-in-one digital technology platform purpose-built for the entire restaurant community. Toast provides a comprehensive platform of software as a service (SaaS) products and financial technology solutions that give restaurants everything they need to run their business across point of sale, payments, operations, digital ordering and delivery, marketing and loyalty, and team management. We serve as the restaurant operating system, connecting front of house and back of house operations across service models including dine-in, takeout, delivery, catering, and retail. Toast helps restaurants streamline operations, increase revenue and deliver amazing guest experiences. For more information, visit www.toasttab.com.

Forward-looking Statements

This press release contains “forward-looking statements,” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the context of the statement and generally arise when Toast or its management is discussing its beliefs, estimates or expectations. Such statements generally include the words “believes,” “plans,” “intends,” “targets,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “will,” “expects,” “estimates,” “suggests,” “anticipates,” “outlook,” “continues,” or similar expressions. These statements are not historical facts or guarantees of future performance, but represent the beliefs of Toast and its management at the time the statements were made regarding future events which are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside Toast’s control. Actual results and outcomes may differ materially from what is expressed or forecast in such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements about expected financial positions or growth; results of operations; cash flows; statements about expected timeline and plan to reach profitability on an GAAP operating income basis; guidance on financial results for the first fiscal quarter and full year of 2024; statements about future operating results; the expectations of demand for Toast’s products and growth of its business; the growth rates in the markets in which Toast competes; Toast’s investments in technology and infrastructure; statements regarding the arrangement between Toast and its customers, including the planned and future implementation of the Toast platform at such customers’ locations; Toast’s ability to deliver innovative solutions; Toast’s ability to attract and retain customers; financing plans; business strategy; operating plans; competitive positions; growth opportunities for existing products; statements regarding Toast’s share repurchase program; and statements regarding Toast’s restructuring plan.

The forward-looking statements contained in this release are also subject to other risks and uncertainties, including those more fully described in Toast’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations'' in Toast’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and Toast’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, that will be filed following this earnings release, and Toast’s subsequent SEC filings. Toast can give no assurance that the plans, intentions, expectations or strategies as reflected in or suggested by those forward-looking statements will be attained or achieved. The forward-looking statements in this release are based on information available to Toast as of the date hereof, and Toast disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, except as required by law. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing Toast’s views as of any date subsequent to the date of this press release.

TOAST, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended December 31,								Year Ended December 31,
		2023				2022				2023				2022
Revenue:
Subscription services	$	142			$	95			$	500			$	324
Financial technology solutions		851				640				3,189				2,268
Hardware and professional services		43				34				176				139
Total revenue		1,036				769				3,865				2,731
Costs of revenue:
Subscription services		48				32				166				112
Financial technology solutions		675				503				2,503				1,792
Hardware and professional services		86				75				357				311
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		1				1				5				5
Total costs of revenue		810				611				3,031				2,220
Gross profit		226				158				834				511
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing		102				87				401				319
Research and development		94				79				358				282
General and administrative		86				91				362				294
Total operating expenses		282				257				1,121				895
Loss from operations		(56	)			(99	)			(287	)			(384	)
Other income (expense):
Interest income, net		10				6				37				11
Change in fair value of warrant liability		8				(7	)			3				95
Other income, net		3				3				3				1
Loss before income taxes		(35	)			(97	)			(244	)			(277	)
Income tax (expense) benefit		(1	)			(2	)			(2	)			2
Net loss	$	(36	)		$	(99	)		$	(246	)		$	(275	)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(0.07	)		$	(0.19	)		$	(0.46	)		$	(0.54	)
Diluted	$	(0.07	)		$	(0.19	)		$	(0.47	)		$	(0.72	)
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share:
Basic		541				519				532				512
Diluted		541				519				533				512

TOAST, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share amounts)

	December 31,
		2023				2022
Assets:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	605			$	547
Marketable securities		519				474
Accounts receivable, net		69				77
Inventories, net		118				110
Other current assets		259				199
Total current assets		1,570				1,407
Property and equipment, net		75				61
Operating lease right-of-use assets		36				77
Intangible assets, net		26				29
Goodwill		113				107
Restricted cash		55				28
Other non-current assets		83				52
Total non-current assets		388				354
Total assets	$	1,958			$	1,761
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity:
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	32			$	30
Deferred revenue		39				39
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		592				427
Total current liabilities		663				496
Warrants to purchase common stock		64				68
Operating lease liabilities, non-current		33				80
Other long-term liabilities		4				19
Total liabilities		764				663
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock - par value $0.000001; 100 million shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding		—				—
Common stock, $0.000001 par value: Class A - 7,000 shares authorized, 429 and 353 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively; Class B - 700 shares authorized, 114 and 170 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively		—				—
Treasury stock, at cost - no shares and 0 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively		—				—
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		—				(2	)
Additional paid-in capital		2,817				2,477
Accumulated deficit		(1,623	)			(1,377	)
Total stockholders’ equity		1,194				1,098
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,958			$	1,761

TOAST, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)
(in millions)

	Three Months Ended December 31,								Year Ended December 31,
		2023				2022				2023				2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(36	)		$	(99	)		$	(246	)		$	(275	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		10				6				32				24
Stock-based compensation expense		71				61				277				228
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs		18				12				62				44
Change in fair value of warrant liability		(8	)			7				(3	)			(95	)
Credit loss expense		20				16				64				34
Stock-based charitable contribution expense		—				10				10				10
Asset impairments		—				—				15				—
Other non-cash items		(3	)			2				(17	)			3
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		21				(5	)			(3	)			(35	)
Other current assets		(5	)			(19	)			(12	)			(36	)
Deferred contract acquisition costs		(30	)			(18	)			(107	)			(71	)
Inventories, net		(20	)			(15	)			(7	)			(68	)
Accounts payable		4				1				1				(11	)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		64				25				81				116
Deferred revenue		(11	)			(2	)			(5	)			(11	)
Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities, net		1				—				1				—
Other assets and liabilities		(4	)			(1	)			(8	)			(13	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		92				(19	)			135				(156	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Cash paid for acquisition, net of cash acquired		—				—				(9	)			(46	)
Capital expenditures		(11	)			(10	)			(42	)			(33	)
Purchases of marketable securities		(144	)			(247	)			(623	)			(434	)
Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities		12				5				35				46
Maturities of marketable securities		142				179				556				369
Other		—				—				(3	)			—
Net cash used in investing activities		(1	)			(73	)			(86	)			(98	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		5				3				36				15
Change in customer funds obligations, net		—				—				27				26
Other financing activities		—				(1	)			—				(3	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		5				2				63				38
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, cash held on behalf of customers and restricted cash		96				(90	)			112				(216	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		1				1				—				—
Cash, cash equivalents, cash held on behalf of customers and restricted cash at beginning of period		650				724				635				851
Cash, cash equivalents, cash held on behalf of customers and restricted cash at end of period	$	747			$	635			$	747			$	635
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, cash held on behalf of customers and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents	$	605			$	547			$	605			$	547
Cash held on behalf of customers		87				60				87				60
Restricted cash		55				28				55				28
Total cash, cash equivalents, cash held on behalf of customers and restricted cash	$	747			$	635			$	747			$	635

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In this press release, Toast refers to non-GAAP financial measures that are derived on the basis of methodologies other than in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Toast uses certain non-GAAP financial measures, as described below, to understand and evaluate its core operating performance. These non-GAAP financial measures, which may be different than similarly-titled measures used by other companies, are presented to enhance investors’ overall understanding of Toast’s financial performance and should not be considered substitutes for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP. Toast believes that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information about its financial performance, enhance the overall understanding of its past performance and future prospects, and allow for greater transparency with respect to important metrics used by Toast’s management for financial and operational decision-making.

In the tables below, Toast has provided reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered substitutes for financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, and the financial results that Toast calculates and presents in the table in accordance with GAAP, as well as the corresponding reconciliations from those results, should be carefully evaluated.

The following are the non-GAAP financial measures referenced in this press release and presented in the tables below:

• Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss), adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax expense, depreciation and amortization expense, interest income (expense), net, income taxes and certain other items that are not considered to reflect our operating activities and performance within the ordinary course of business, such as restructuring and restructuring-related expenses, acquisition expenses, fair value adjustments on warrant liabilities, expenses related to early termination of leases (which includes associated asset impairments) and stock-based charitable contribution expense, as applicable.

• Non-GAAP Subscription Services and Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit is defined as subscription services gross profit and financial technology solutions gross profit, adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax expense, and depreciation and amortization expense.

• Non-GAAP Costs of Revenue are defined as costs of revenue excluding stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax expense, and depreciation and amortization expense.

• Non-GAAP Gross Profit is defined as gross profit excluding stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax expense, and depreciation and amortization expense.

• Non-GAAP Subscription Services Gross Profit is defined as subscription services gross profit excluding stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax expense, and depreciation and amortization expense.

• Non-GAAP Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit is defined as financial technology solutions gross profit excluding stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax expense, and depreciation and amortization expense.

• Non-GAAP Hardware and Professional Services Gross Profit is defined as hardware and professional services gross profit excluding stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax expense, and depreciation and amortization expense.

• Non-GAAP Non-Payments Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit is defined as financial technology gross profit excluding payments financial technology gross profit.

• Non-GAAP Sales and Marketing Expenses are defined as sales and marketing expenses excluding stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax expense, and depreciation and amortization expense.

• Non-GAAP Research and Development Expenses are defined as research and development expenses excluding stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax expense, and depreciation and amortization expense.

• Non-GAAP General and Administrative Expenses are defined as general and administrative expenses excluding stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax expense, depreciation and amortization expense, acquisition expenses, expenses associated to early termination of leases (which includes associated asset impairments), and stock-based charitable contribution expense.

• Free Cash Flow is defined as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities reduced by purchases of property and equipment and capitalization of internal-use software costs (referred to as capital expenditures).

Adjusted EBITDA, Non-GAAP Subscription Services and Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Costs of Revenue, Non-GAAP Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Subscription Services Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Financial Technology Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Hardware and Professional Services Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Non-Payments Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Sales and Marketing Expenses, Non-GAAP Research and Development Expenses, Non-GAAP General and Administrative Expenses, and Free Cash Flow do not purport to represent profitability and liquidity measures as defined in accordance with GAAP. These measures are provided to investors and others to improve the quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year comparability of Toast's financial results and to ensure that investors understand the information Toast uses to evaluate the performance of its businesses.

Our definitions may differ from the definitions used by other companies and therefore comparability may be limited. In addition, other companies may not publish these or similar metrics. Further, these metrics have certain limitations since they do not include the impact of certain expenses and cash flows that are reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Thus, our Adjusted EBITDA, Non-GAAP Subscription Services and Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Costs of Revenue, Non-GAAP Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Subscription Services Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Financial Technology Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Hardware and Professional Services Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Non-Payments Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit, Non-GAAP Sales and Marketing Expenses, Non-GAAP Research and Development Expenses, Non-GAAP General and Administrative Expenses, and Free Cash Flow should be considered in addition to, not as substitutes for, or in isolation from, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Key Business Metrics

In addition, Toast also uses the following key business metrics to help it evaluate its business, identify trends affecting its business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions:

1. Gross Payment Volume (“GPV”) is defined as the sum of total dollars processed through the Toast payments platform across Toast Processing Locations in a given period. GPV is a key measure of the scale of Toast’s platform, which in turn drives its financial performance. As Toast customers generate more sales and therefore more GPV, Toast generally sees higher financial technology solutions revenue.
   
   
2. Annualized Recurring Run-Rate (“ARR”) is defined as a key operational measure of the scale of Toast’s subscription and payment processing services for both new and existing customers. To calculate ARR, Toast first calculates recurring run-rate on a monthly basis. Monthly Recurring Run-Rate (“MRR”), is measured on the final day of each month as the sum of (i) Toast’s monthly billings of subscription services fees, which is referred to as the subscription component of MRR, and (ii) Toast’s in-month adjusted payments services fees, exclusive of estimated transaction-based costs, which is referred to as the payments component of MRR. MRR does not include fees derived from Toast Capital or related costs. MRR is also not burdened by the impact of SaaS credits offered. The MRR calculation includes all locations on the Toast platform and locations on legacy solutions, which have a negligible impact on ARR.
   
   ARR is determined by taking the sum of (i) twelve times the subscription component of MRR and (ii) four times the trailing-three-month cumulative payments component of MRR. Toast believes this approach provides an indication of its scale, while also controlling for short-term fluctuations in payments volume. ARR may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including customers’ satisfaction with the Toast platform, pricing, competitive offerings, economic conditions, or overall changes in Toast’s customers’ and their guests’ spending levels. ARR is an operational measure, does not reflect Toast’s revenue or gross profit determined in accordance with GAAP, and should be viewed independently of, and not combined with or substituted for, Toast’s revenue, gross profit, and other financial information determined in accordance with GAAP. Further, ARR is not a forecast of future revenue and investors should not place undue reliance on ARR as an indicator of Toast’s future or expected results.

Locations

We define a live location, or Location, as a unique location that has used Toast Point of Sale to record transaction volumes above a minimum threshold, and has not been marked as a churned location as of the date of determination. A Location can use Toast payment services, which we refer to as a Toast Processing Location, or for select enterprise customers, not use Toast’s payment services, which we refer to as a Non-Toast Processing Location. Customers of legacy solutions provided by companies that we have acquired, that do not use Toast Point of Sale, are not included in our Location count.

Key Business Metrics and Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Results
(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended December 31,									Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in billions)		2023			2022		% Growth				2023			2022		% Growth
Gross Payment Volume (GPV)	$	33.7		$	25.5		32	%		$	126.1		$	91.7		38	%

							As of December 31,
(dollars in millions)								2023			2022		% Growth
Payments Annualized Recurring Run-Rate							$	589		$	460		28	%
Subscription Annualized Recurring Run-Rate							$	629		$	441		43	%
Total Annualized Recurring Run-Rate (ARR)							$	1,218		$	901		35	%

Adjusted EBITDA	Three Months Ended December 31,								Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)		2023				2022				2023				2022
Net loss	$	(36	)		$	(99	)		$	(246	)		$	(275	)
Stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax		72				62				288				232
Depreciation and amortization		10				6				32				24
Interest income, net		(10	)			(6	)			(37	)			(11	)
Change in fair value of warrant liability		(8	)			7				(3	)			(95	)
Termination of leases		—				—				14				(1	)
Stock-based charitable contribution expense		—				10				10				10
Acquisition expenses		—				—				1				2
Other expense, net		—				—				—				1
Income tax expense (benefit)		1				2				2				(2	)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	29			$	(18	)		$	61			$	(115	)

Non-GAAP Costs of Revenue	Three Months Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)		2023			2022			2023			2022
Costs of revenue	$	810		$	611		$	3,031		$	2,220
Stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax		12			10			46			35
Depreciation and amortization		7			4			23			16
Non-GAAP costs of revenue	$	791		$	597		$	2,962		$	2,169

Non-GAAP Gross Profit	Three Months Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)		2023			2022			2023			2022
Gross profit	$	226		$	158		$	834		$	511
Stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax		12			10			46			35
Depreciation and amortization		7			4			23			16
Non-GAAP gross profit	$	245		$	172		$	903		$	562

Non-GAAP Subscription Services Gross Profit	Three Months Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)		2023			2022			2023			2022
Subscription services gross profit	$	94		$	63		$	334		$	212
Stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax		5			4			20			13
Depreciation and amortization		6			3			17			10
Non-GAAP subscription services gross profit	$	105		$	70		$	371		$	235

Non-GAAP Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit	Three Months Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)		2023			2022			2023			2022
Financial technology solutions gross profit	$	176		$	137		$	686		$	476
Stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax		—			—			—			—
Depreciation and amortization		—			—			—			—
Non-GAAP financial technology solutions gross profit	$	176		$	137		$	686		$	476

Non-GAAP Hardware and Professional Services Gross Profit	Three Months Ended December 31,								Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)		2023				2022				2023				2022
Hardware and professional services gross profit	$	(43	)		$	(41	)		$	(181	)		$	(172	)
Stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax		7				6				26				22
Depreciation and amortization		—				—				1				1
Non-GAAP hardware and professional services gross profit	$	(36	)		$	(35	)		$	(154	)		$	(149	)

Non-GAAP Non-Payments Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit	Three Months Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)		2023			2022			2023			2022
Financial technology solutions gross profit	$	176		$	137		$	686		$	476
Payments financial technology solutions gross profit		142			113			561			418
Non-GAAP non-payments financial technology solutions gross profit	$	34		$	24		$	125		$	58

Non-GAAP Sales and Marketing Expenses	Three Months Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)		2023			2022			2023			2022
Sales and marketing expenses	$	102		$	87		$	401		$	319
Stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax		15			13			61			51
Depreciation and amortization		1			1			3			3
Non-GAAP sales and marketing expenses	$	86		$	73		$	337		$	265

Non-GAAP Research and Development Expenses	Three Months Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)		2023			2022			2023			2022
Research and development expenses	$	94		$	79		$	358		$	282
Stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax		25			20			97			73
Depreciation and amortization		1			1			4			2
Non-GAAP research and development expenses	$	68		$	58		$	257		$	207

Non-GAAP General and Administrative Expenses	Three Months Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)		2023			2022			2023			2022
General and administrative expenses	$	86		$	91		$	362		$	294
Stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax		20			19			84			74
Depreciation and amortization		1			1			2			2
Acquisition expenses		—			—			1			2
Termination of leases		—			—			14			(2	)
Stock-based charitable contribution expense		—			10			10			10
Non-GAAP general and administrative expenses	$	65		$	61		$	251		$	208

Free Cash Flow	Three Months Ended December 31,								Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)		2023				2022				2023				2022
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	92			$	(19	)		$	135			$	(156	)
Capital expenditures		(11	)			(10	)			(42	)			(33	)
Free cash flow	$	81			$	(29	)		$	93			$	(189	)

Sums may not equal totals due to rounding.

TOST-FIN

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240215835490/en/

Media: media@toasttab.com

Investors: IR@toasttab.com

Source: Toast, Inc.

FAQ

What was Toast's ARR for Q4 2023?

Toast's ARR for Q4 2023 was $1.2 billion.

How much did Toast's revenue grow in Q4 2023?

Toast's revenue grew 35% year over year in Q4 2023.

What was the total number of locations Toast ended 2023 with?

Toast ended 2023 with over 106,000 locations.

What was the net loss in Q4 2023 for Toast?

Toast reported a net loss of $(36) million in Q4 2023.

What was the revenue growth for Toast in full year 2023?

Toast's revenue grew 42% year over year in full year 2023.