Starter Homes Are Affordable to the Typical Black Family in Just 10 Major U.S. Metros

Rhea-AI Summary

Redfin reports that Black families can only afford starter homes in 10 of the 50 largest U.S. metros, compared to 32 metros for white families. A typical Black family would need to spend over 40% of their income on housing nationally. In Detroit, the most affordable metro, Black families spend 16% of their income on a starter home costing $66,000. In contrast, in San Francisco, they would spend 104% of their income on a starter home priced nearly $1 million. Nationwide, Black families spend 41% of their income on housing, whereas white families spend 26%. The gap stems from systemic racial income and wealth disparities, exacerbated by increasing housing costs and mortgage rejections for Black buyers. Although the homeownership gap persists, the share of mortgages taken out by Black homebuyers has recently increased.

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• Black families need to spend over 40% of their income on housing nationally.
• Starter homes are affordable to Black families in only 10 out of the 50 largest U.S. metros.
• In San Francisco, Black families would need to spend 104% of their income on a starter home.
• The median-priced starter home is unaffordable to typical Black families in 40 major U.S. metros.
• The racial income gap significantly contributes to the housing affordability gap.

Redfin reports that nationwide, a Black family earning the median U.S. income would spend more than 40% of their income on monthly housing costs to afford the typical starter home

SEATTLE--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- (NASDAQ: RDFN) —The typical Black household can afford a starter home in just 10 of the 50 most populous U.S. metros, according to a new report from Redfin (redfin.com), the technology-powered real estate brokerage. The typical white family can afford a starter home in 32 of those metros, over three times more.

This is using the rule of thumb that a household should spend no more than 30% of their income on monthly housing costs. Redfin uses the words “household” and “family” interchangeably in this report. “Starter homes” means homes estimated to be in the 5th to 35th percentile of their respective metro area based on market value.

Detroit is the most affordable major metro area for Black families looking to buy a starter home. In Detroit, a family earning the local median income for a Black household would spend 16% of their earnings to afford the median-priced starter home, taking current mortgage rates into account.

Detroit is followed by St. Louis, where a family earning the local median income for a Black household would spend 21% of their earnings to afford the typical starter home. Next come Baltimore (23%), Indianapolis (26%), Philadelphia (27%), Cleveland (27%), Pittsburgh (29%), Warren, MI (30%), Columbus, OH (30%) and Kansas City, MO (30%).

Starter homes are affordable to Black families in those metro areas because they’re among the least expensive places in the country to buy a home. In Detroit, for instance, the typical starter home costs just $66,000 and comes with a median monthly payment of $579.

The typical Black family is unable to afford the median-priced starter home in the vast majority of major metros

Starter homes are unaffordable to the typical Black household in the 40 other U.S. metros included in this analysis.

In San Francisco, a Black family earning the local median income would have to spend more money than they make (104% of their earnings) on the typical starter home—the highest share in the country. All five of the least affordable markets for starter homes for Black families are in California; after San Francisco comes neighboring San Jose, where the typical Black family would spend 89% of their income on a starter home. Rounding out the top five are Los Angeles (81%), San Diego (78%) and Anaheim (71%).

It’s essentially impossible for typical Black families to afford starter homes in much of California, even with healthy earnings, because it’s home to such expensive housing markets. In San Francisco, where the median household income for Black households is $81,205, starter homes are unaffordable because the median-priced starter home costs nearly $1 million and the monthly payment is over $7,000.

Nationwide, the typical Black family would spend 41% of their earnings on housing to afford a starter home

Zooming out to the nation as a whole, the median-priced starter home is unaffordable to the typical Black American family. A household earning the median U.S. income for Black families ($57,129) would spend 41% of their earnings to afford the typical U.S. starter home, which costs $250,000 and comes with a monthly payment of $1,960 at the current average mortgage rate.

For comparison, starter homes are affordable to the typical white family nationwide. A household earning the median U.S. income for white families ($90,995) would spend 26% of their earnings to afford the typical starter home. The story is similar for Asian Americans; a household earning the median U.S. income for Asian households would spend 20% of their earnings to afford the typical starter home. Starter homes are unaffordable for Hispanic families, though the affordability gap is relatively small: Hispanic households would spend 32% of their incomes on the median-priced starter home.

“Starter homes have become increasingly difficult for everyone to afford, with prices of the typical starter home up 8% in the last year alone. That has pushed buyers who earn more money to buy starter homes and pushed lower-income buyers out of the market altogether–and many of those lower-income buyers are Black,” said Redfin Senior Economist Elijah de la Campa. “The encouraging news is that while there’s still a major homeownership gap between Black and white families, there are signs more Black Americans could start getting their foot in the door: The share of U.S. mortgages taken out by Black homebuyers has ticked up recently, and the racial wage gap is shrinking.”

Before the pandemic homebuying frenzy drove up housing costs, median-earning Black families could afford the typical U.S. starter home, though without much wiggle room. In 2019, Black families would have spent about 28% of their income on a starter home. The last time starter homes were affordable to a Black family earning the median income was January 2022, just before mortgage rates started increasing. White families could more comfortably afford starter homes before the pandemic; they would have spent around 17% of their income on one in 2019.

Racial wealth gap makes it harder for Black families to afford starter homes

It’s considerably more difficult for the typical Black family than the typical white family to afford starter homes because the median income is lower for Black households. Additionally, Black families have less generational wealth, stemming from the nation’s history of systemic racism. The racial income gap is a big driver of the racial housing affordability gap: The estimated median income for Black households nationwide is $57,129; for white families, it’s $90,995.

In addition to the income gap, there’s a major racial wealth gap: The gap between Black and white families in liquid assets is even bigger than the income gap. That’s partly due to decades of redlining, racist housing covenants and other discriminatory policies. Black homebuyers also face other barriers to buying real estate; for instance, they’re more likely to have their mortgage applications rejected. Less than half (45.9%) of Black Americans own their homes, compared with 73.8% of white Americans. That means Black households are much more likely to be renters, and the increasing cost of starter homes also pushes prices of rentals up because of increased demand.

That leaves Black families who rent with higher rental payments and less opportunity to save for a down payment than before the pandemic housing boom drove up prices. It leaves Black families who are buying a home with lower down payments and bigger monthly mortgage payments.

To view the full report, including a chart, methodology and more metro-level data, please visit: https://www.redfin.com/news/starter-homes-unaffordable-black-households/

About Redfin

Redfin (www.redfin.com) is a technology-powered real estate company. We help people find a place to live with brokerage, rentals, lending, title insurance, and renovations services. We run the country's #1 real estate brokerage site. Our customers can save thousands in fees while working with a top agent. Our home-buying customers see homes first with on-demand tours, and our lending and title services help them close quickly. Customers selling a home can have our renovations crew fix it up to sell for top dollar. Our rentals business empowers millions nationwide to find apartments and houses for rent. Since launching in 2006, we've saved customers more than $1.6 billion in commissions. We serve more than 100 markets across the U.S. and Canada and employ over 4,000 people.

Redfin’s subsidiaries and affiliated brands include: Bay Equity Home Loans®, Rent.™, Apartment Guide®, Title Forward® and WalkScore®.

For more information or to contact a local Redfin real estate agent, visit www.redfin.com. To learn about housing market trends and download data, visit the Redfin Data Center. To be added to Redfin's press release distribution list, email press@redfin.com. To view Redfin's press center, click here.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240627740171/en/

Contact Redfin

Redfin Journalist Services:

Isabelle Novak

press@redfin.com

Source: Redfin

FAQ

How many major U.S. metros can Black families afford starter homes in?

Black families can afford starter homes in only 10 out of the 50 largest U.S. metros.

What percentage of their income do Black families need to spend on housing nationwide?

Black families need to spend over 40% of their income on housing nationwide to afford a typical starter home.

Which U.S. metro area is most affordable for Black families to buy a starter home?

Detroit is the most affordable major metro area for Black families to buy a starter home, where they would spend 16% of their income on housing.

How much would a Black family in San Francisco need to spend on a starter home?

A Black family in San Francisco would need to spend 104% of their income on a starter home.

What is the median income for Black households in the U.S.?

The median income for Black households in the U.S. is $57,129.

How does the median-priced starter home affordability compare between Black and white families?

Black families spend 41% of their income on housing, whereas white families spend 26% to afford the median-priced starter home.