HealthStream Announces Second Quarter 2021 Results
HealthStream, Inc. (Nasdaq: HSTM) reported second-quarter 2021 revenues of $64.8 million, a 7% increase from $60.6 million in the same quarter of 2020. Operating income decreased 20% to $3.4 million and net income fell 29% to $2.4 million, leading to EPS of $0.08 compared to $0.11 in Q2 2020. Despite a $9.7 million decline in legacy resuscitation revenues, growth in workforce and provider solutions offset losses. Adjusted EBITDA increased 20% to $14.5 million. The company anticipates total revenue for 2021 between $253 million and $257 million.
- Q2 2021 revenues increased by 7% to $64.8 million, up from $60.6 million in Q2 2020.
- Adjusted EBITDA rose by 20% to $14.5 million compared to $12.1 million in Q2 2020.
- Workforce Solutions segment revenues increased by 7% to $52.2 million.
- Provider Solutions segment revenues grew by $1 million to $12.7 million.
- Operating income fell by 20% to $3.4 million, down from $4.3 million in Q2 2020.
- Net income decreased by 29% to $2.4 million, down from $3.4 million in Q2 2020.
- Earnings per share declined to $0.08 from $0.11 in Q2 2020.
- Company incurred deferred revenue write-downs impacting revenue and income by $1.2 million.
HealthStream, Inc. (Nasdaq: HSTM), a leading provider of workforce and provider solutions for the healthcare industry, announced today results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2021.
-
Revenues of
$64.8 million in the second quarter of 2021, up7% from$60.6 million in the second quarter of 2020, more than offsetting a$9.7 million decline in legacy resuscitation revenues. -
Operating income of
$3.4 million in the second quarter of 2021, down20% from$4.3 million in the second quarter of 2020. -
Net income of
$2.4 million in the second quarter of 2021, down29% from$3.4 million in the second quarter of 2020. -
Earnings per share (EPS) of
$0.08 per share (diluted) in the second quarter of 2021 compared to$0.11 per share (diluted) in the second quarter of 2020. -
Adjusted EBITDA1 of
$14.5 million in the second quarter of 2021, up20% from$12.1 million in the second quarter of 2020.
1 Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net income and disclosure regarding why we believe adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors is included later in this release. |
Financial Results:
Second Quarter 2021 Compared to Second Quarter 2020
Revenues for the second quarter of 2021 increased by
Revenues from our Workforce Solutions segment were
Revenues from our Provider Solutions segment were
Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) require companies to write down beginning balances of acquired deferred revenue as part of “fair value” accounting. During the second quarter of 2021, HealthStream reported a reduction of
Operating income was
Net income was
Adjusted EBITDA was
At June 30, 2021, the Company had cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities of
Year-to-Date 2021 Compared to Year-to-Date 2020
For the first six months of 2021, revenues were
Other Business Updates
At June 30, 2021, we had approximately 4.52 million contracted subscriptions to hStream™, our Platform-as-a-Service technology. hStream technology enables healthcare organizations and their respective workforces to easily connect to and gain value from the growing HealthStream ecosystem of applications, tools, and content.
Financial Outlook for 2021
The Company is updating its guidance for 2021 for the measures set forth below. For a reconciliation of projected adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure defined later in this release, to projected net income (the most comparable GAAP measure) for 2021, see the table included on page 10 of this release.
|
|
Full Year 2021 Guidance |
|||||||
Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Workforce Solutions |
|
$ |
203.5 |
|
- |
$ |
206.5 |
|
million |
Provider Solutions |
|
|
49.5 |
|
- |
|
50.5 |
|
million |
Consolidated |
|
$ |
253.0 |
|
- |
$ |
257.0 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted EBITDA1 |
|
$ |
48.0 |
|
- |
$ |
50.0 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Expenditures |
|
$ |
25.0 |
|
- |
$ |
27.0 |
|
million |
1 Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation of projected adjusted EBITDA to projected net income (the most comparable GAAP measure) is included later in this release. |
The Company’s guidance for 2021 as set forth above reflects the Company’s assumptions regarding, among other things, the COVID-19 pandemic as noted below, anticipated integration costs and additional investments in sales, marketing, and product development in 2021 for recently acquired companies, and estimated deferred revenue write-downs of
The Company’s financial guidance assumes that public health conditions associated with the pandemic and general economic conditions (including conditions impacting healthcare organizations) continue to improve over the course of the year, including that COVID-19 vaccines continue to be successfully distributed and perform according to current expectations and that new variants of the virus, or other unknown variants, do not further impede recovery from the pandemic.
Commenting on second quarter 2021 results, Robert A. Frist, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of HealthStream, said, “We remain laser-focused on growing the Company, which is why we were able to achieve another strong quarter in 2021 with top-line revenues increasing seven percent and adjusted EBITDA increasing 20 percent over the same period last year—offsetting anticipated headwinds presented by both legacy resuscitation revenues and acquisition-related deferred revenue write-downs.”
Frist added, “As we navigate the next two quarters to find a new normal, naturally, some expenses, like travel, will return. Macro workforce trends make recruiting, retention, and hiring more complex for everybody, so we’re working to catch up on our planned hiring. In addition, we are increasing our investment in our newly acquired scheduling businesses in the second half of 2021. Our new guidance reflects all these developments. We are proud of our employees for navigating us forward.”
A conference call with Robert A. Frist, Jr., Chief Executive Officer, Scott A. Roberts, Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President, and Mollie Condra, Vice President of Investor Relations and Corporate Communications, will be held on Tuesday, July 27, 2021, at 9:00 a.m. (ET). To listen to the conference, please dial 877-647-2842 (no conference ID needed) if you are calling within the domestic U.S. or Canada. If you are an international caller, please dial 914-495-8564 (no conference ID needed). The conference may also be accessed by going to http://ir.healthstream.com/events.cfm for the simultaneous Webcast of the call, which will subsequently be available for replay. The replay telephone numbers are 855-859-2056 (conference ID #3741799) for U.S. and Canadian callers and 404-537-3406 (conference ID #3741799) for international callers.
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
This press release presents adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure used by management in analyzing the Company’s financial results and ongoing operational performance.
In order to better assess the Company’s financial results, management believes that net income excluding the impact of the deferred revenue write-downs associated with fair value accounting for acquired businesses and before interest, income taxes, stock based compensation, depreciation and amortization, changes in fair value of non-marketable equity investments, the de-recognition of non-cash expense resulting from the PTO expense reduction in the first quarter of 2021 and the resolution of a mutual disagreement related to various elements of a past partnership which resulted in a reduction to cost of sales in the first quarter of 2020 (“adjusted EBITDA”) is a useful measure for evaluating the operating performance of the Company because adjusted EBITDA reflects net income adjusted for certain GAAP accounting, non-cash and non-operating items which may not, in any such case, fully reflect the underlying operating performance of our business. We also believe that adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors to assess the Company’s ongoing operating performance and to compare the Company’s operating performance between periods. In addition, beginning in 2021, executive bonuses are based on the achievement of adjusted EBITDA targets.
As noted above, the definition of adjusted EBITDA includes an adjustment for the impact of the deferred revenue write-downs associated with fair value accounting for acquired businesses. Following the completion of any acquisition by the Company, the Company must record the acquired deferred revenue at fair value as defined in GAAP, which may result in a write-down of deferred revenue. If the Company is required to record a write-down of deferred revenue, it may result in lower recognized revenue, operating income, and net income in subsequent periods. Revenue for any such acquired business is deferred and is typically recognized over a one-to-two year period following the completion of any particular acquisition, so our GAAP revenues for this one-to-two year period will not reflect the full amount of revenues that would have been reported if the acquired deferred revenue was not written down to fair value. Management believes that including an adjustment in the definition of adjusted EBITDA for the impact of the deferred write-downs associated with fair value accounting for acquired businesses provides useful information to investors because the deferred revenue write-down recognized in periods after an acquisition may, given the nature of this non-cash accounting impact, cause our GAAP financial results during such periods to not fully reflect our underlying operating performance and thus adjusting for this amount may assist in comparing the Company’s results of operations between periods.
Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered as a measure of financial performance under GAAP. Because adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement determined in accordance with GAAP, adjusted EBITDA is susceptible to varying calculations. Accordingly, adjusted EBITDA, as presented, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies and have limitations as analytical tools.
This non-GAAP financial measure should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance, which are prepared in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the reconciliations of adjusted EBITDA to net income (the most comparable GAAP measure), which is set forth below in this release.
About HealthStream
HealthStream (Nasdaq: HSTM) is dedicated to improving patient outcomes through the development of healthcare organizations’ greatest asset: their people. Our unified suite of solutions is contracted by healthcare organizations across the U.S. for workforce development, training & learning management, nurse & staff scheduling, clinical education, credentialing, privileging, provider enrollment, performance assessment, and managing simulation-based education programs. HealthStream’s corporate office is in Nashville, Tennessee. For more information, visit http://www.healthstream.com or call 800-521-0574.
HEALTHSTREAM, INC. |
||||||||||||||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income |
||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except per share data) |
||||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
||||||||||
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
||||
Revenues, net |
|
$ |
64,816 |
|
|
$ |
60,553 |
|
|
$ |
128,284 |
|
|
$ |
122,125 |
|
Operating costs and expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization) |
|
|
22,657 |
|
|
|
22,935 |
|
|
|
45,518 |
|
|
|
43,294 |
|
Product development |
|
|
10,336 |
|
|
|
7,830 |
|
|
|
19,861 |
|
|
|
15,298 |
|
Sales and marketing |
|
|
9,462 |
|
|
|
8,236 |
|
|
|
18,481 |
|
|
|
17,424 |
|
Other general and administrative expenses |
|
|
9,781 |
|
|
|
10,098 |
|
|
|
19,391 |
|
|
|
19,963 |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
9,149 |
|
|
|
7,150 |
|
|
|
18,302 |
|
|
|
14,599 |
|
Total operating costs and expenses |
|
|
61,385 |
|
|
|
56,249 |
|
|
|
121,553 |
|
|
|
110,578 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income |
|
|
3,431 |
|
|
|
4,304 |
|
|
|
6,731 |
|
|
|
11,547 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other (loss) income, net |
|
|
(65 |
) |
|
|
199 |
|
|
|
(152 |
) |
|
|
1,906 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income tax provision |
|
|
3,366 |
|
|
|
4,503 |
|
|
|
6,579 |
|
|
|
13,453 |
|
Income tax provision |
|
|
925 |
|
|
|
1,061 |
|
|
|
1,847 |
|
|
|
2,920 |
|
Net income |
|
$ |
2,441 |
|
|
$ |
3,442 |
|
|
$ |
4,732 |
|
|
$ |
10,533 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic |
|
$ |
0.08 |
|
|
$ |
0.11 |
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
$ |
0.33 |
|
Diluted |
|
$ |
0.08 |
|
|
$ |
0.11 |
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
$ |
0.33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic |
|
|
31,553 |
|
|
|
31,997 |
|
|
|
31,528 |
|
|
|
32,166 |
|
Diluted |
|
|
31,616 |
|
|
|
32,025 |
|
|
|
31,571 |
|
|
|
32,191 |
|
HEALTHSTREAM, INC. |
||||||||
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets |
||||||||
(In thousands) |
||||||||
(Unaudited) |
||||||||
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
||
|
|
2021 |
|
|
2020 |
|
||
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
49,792 |
|
|
$ |
36,566 |
|
Marketable securities |
|
|
5,349 |
|
|
|
9,928 |
|
Accounts and unbilled receivables, net |
|
|
32,454 |
|
|
|
46,100 |
|
Prepaid and other current assets |
|
|
22,572 |
|
|
|
22,131 |
|
Total current assets |
|
|
110,167 |
|
|
|
114,725 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capitalized software development, net |
|
|
29,918 |
|
|
|
26,631 |
|
Property and equipment, net |
|
|
19,516 |
|
|
|
22,218 |
|
Operating lease right of use assets, net |
|
|
26,384 |
|
|
|
28,081 |
|
Goodwill and intangible assets, net |
|
|
275,604 |
|
|
|
279,155 |
|
Deferred tax assets |
|
|
974 |
|
|
|
974 |
|
Deferred commissions |
|
|
22,009 |
|
|
|
19,907 |
|
Other assets |
|
|
11,730 |
|
|
|
8,622 |
|
Total assets |
|
$ |
496,302 |
|
|
$ |
500,313 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities |
|
$ |
26,376 |
|
|
$ |
38,266 |
|
Deferred revenue |
|
|
79,542 |
|
|
|
81,176 |
|
Total current liabilities |
|
|
105,918 |
|
|
|
119,442 |
|
Deferred tax liabilities |
|
|
17,898 |
|
|
|
14,523 |
|
Deferred revenue, non-current |
|
|
1,550 |
|
|
|
1,603 |
|
Operating lease liability, noncurrent |
|
|
26,911 |
|
|
|
28,479 |
|
Other long-term liabilities |
|
|
3,646 |
|
|
|
2,204 |
|
Total liabilities |
|
|
155,923 |
|
|
|
166,251 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ equity: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock |
|
|
272,783 |
|
|
|
271,784 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
|
|
586 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Retained earnings |
|
|
67,010 |
|
|
|
62,277 |
|
Total shareholders’ equity |
|
|
340,379 |
|
|
|
334,062 |
|
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity |
|
$ |
496,302 |
|
|
$ |
500,313 |
|
HEALTHSTREAM, INC. |
||||||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
||||||||
(In thousands) |
||||||||
(Unaudited) |
||||||||
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
|||||
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
||
|
|
2021 |
|
|
2020 |
|
||
Operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
$ |
4,732 |
|
|
$ |
10,533 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
18,302 |
|
|
|
14,599 |
|
Stock based compensation |
|
|
1,398 |
|
|
|
1,107 |
|
Amortization of deferred commissions |
|
|
4,509 |
|
|
|
4,254 |
|
Deferred income taxes |
|
|
1,751 |
|
|
|
2,427 |
|
Provision for doubtful accounts |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
351 |
|
Loss on equity method investments |
|
|
133 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
Non-cash paid time off expense |
|
|
(1,011 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Non-cash royalty expense |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(3,440 |
) |
Change in fair value of non-marketable equity investments |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,181 |
) |
Other |
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
121 |
|
Changes in assets and liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts and unbilled receivables |
|
|
12,247 |
|
|
|
(3,759 |
) |
Prepaid and other assets |
|
|
(7,222 |
) |
|
|
(2,006 |
) |
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities |
|
|
(8,839 |
) |
|
|
(9,755 |
) |
Deferred revenue |
|
|
(1,739 |
) |
|
|
231 |
|
Net cash provided by operating activities |
|
|
24,324 |
|
|
|
13,532 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business combinations, net of cash acquired |
|
|
(731 |
) |
|
|
(21,449 |
) |
Changes in marketable securities |
|
|
4,526 |
|
|
|
9,241 |
|
Payments to acquire non-marketable equity investments |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,000 |
) |
Payments to acquire equity method investments |
|
|
(1,750 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Purchases of property and equipment |
|
|
(2,407 |
) |
|
|
(1,268 |
) |
Payments associated with capitalized software development |
|
|
(10,277 |
) |
|
|
(7,619 |
) |
Net cash used in investing activities |
|
|
(10,639 |
) |
|
|
(22,095 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards |
|
|
(399 |
) |
|
|
(373 |
) |
Repurchases of common stock |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(10,009 |
) |
Payment of cash dividends |
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
(31 |
) |
Net cash used in financing activities |
|
|
(411 |
) |
|
|
(10,413 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
(48 |
) |
|
|
(28 |
) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
13,226 |
|
|
|
(19,004 |
) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
|
|
36,566 |
|
|
|
131,538 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
|
$ |
49,792 |
|
|
$ |
112,534 |
|
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures(1) |
||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) |
||||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
2021 |
|
|
2020 |
|
|
2021 |
|
|
2020 |
|
||||
GAAP net income |
|
$ |
2,441 |
|
|
$ |
3,442 |
|
|
$ |
4,732 |
|
|
$ |
10,533 |
|
Deferred revenue write-down |
|
|
1,231 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
2,852 |
|
|
|
279 |
|
Interest income |
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
|
(237 |
) |
|
|
(40 |
) |
|
|
(831 |
) |
Interest expense |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
Income tax provision |
|
|
925 |
|
|
|
1,061 |
|
|
|
1,847 |
|
|
|
2,920 |
|
Stock based compensation expense |
|
|
782 |
|
|
|
557 |
|
|
|
1,398 |
|
|
|
1,107 |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
9,149 |
|
|
|
7,150 |
|
|
|
18,302 |
|
|
|
14,599 |
|
Non-cash paid time off expense |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,011 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Change in fair value of non-marketable equity investments |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,181 |
) |
Non-cash royalty expense |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(3,440 |
) |
Adjusted EBITDA |
|
$ |
14,539 |
|
|
$ |
12,104 |
|
|
$ |
28,145 |
|
|
$ |
24,036 |
|
(1) Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation of projected adjusted EBITDA to projected net income (the most comparable GAAP measure) is included later in this release. |
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures |
||||||||
Financial Outlook for 2021 |
||||||||
(In thousands) |
||||||||
(Unaudited) |
||||||||
|
|
Low |
|
|
High |
|
||
Net income |
|
$ |
4,200 |
|
|
$ |
5,200 |
|
Deferred revenue write-down |
|
|
4,300 |
|
|
|
4,000 |
|
Interest income |
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
(100 |
) |
Interest expense |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
Income tax provision |
|
|
1,700 |
|
|
|
2,000 |
|
Stock based compensation expense |
|
|
2,600 |
|
|
|
3,000 |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
36,200 |
|
|
|
36,800 |
|
Non-cash paid time off expense |
|
|
(1,000 |
) |
|
|
(1,000 |
) |
Adjusted EBITDA |
|
$ |
48,000 |
|
|
$ |
50,000 |
|
This press release includes certain forward-looking statements (statements other than solely with respect to historical fact), including statements regarding expectations for financial performance for 2021 as well as the anticipated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial results, that involve risks and uncertainties regarding HealthStream. These statements are based upon management’s beliefs, as well as assumptions made by and data currently available to management. This information has been, or in the future may be, included in reliance on the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Company cautions that forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, as the result of developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including, without limitation, related to the length and severity of the pandemic; the timing and availability of medical treatments and vaccines with respect to COVID-19; the availability and effectiveness of currently available vaccines and associated levels of vaccination; the spread of potentially more contagious and/or virulent forms of the virus, including possible strains that may be resistant to currently available vaccines; the impact on the pandemic on healthcare organizations; measures we are taking to respond to the pandemic; and the impact of governmental action and regulation in connection with the pandemic (including the CARES Act); as well as risks referenced in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed on February 25, 2021, and in the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time. Consequently, such forward-looking information should not be regarded as a representation or warranty or statement by the Company that such projections will be realized. Many of the factors that will determine the Company’s future results are beyond the ability of the Company to control or predict. Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s views only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements.
View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210726005690/en/
FAQ
What were HealthStream's Q2 2021 revenues for HSTM?
How did HealthStream's net income change in Q2 2021 for HSTM?
What is the adjusted EBITDA for HealthStream in Q2 2021 for HSTM?
What is HealthStream's guidance for total revenue in 2021 for HSTM?
