Insmed Presents Range of New Study Findings at American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference
—Brensocatib Reduced Risk of Exacerbations Irrespective of Disease Severity in Patients with Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis (NCFBE) in Phase 2 WILLOW Subgroup Analysis—
—Real-World Cohort Study Shows Fewer Hospitalizations Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Who Received Early Diagnosis of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Lung Disease vs. Patients in the Late-Diagnosis Group—
—Analysis of WILLOW Data Demonstrates Reduction in Azurocidin-1 (AZU1) Sputum Levels with Brensocatib Treatment—
"We were pleased to share Insmed's breadth of new data with experts at this year's conference, including treatment-specific data and disease state findings that can help advance the care of patients with rare and serious diseases," said Martina Flammer, M.D., M.B.A, Chief Medical Officer of Insmed. "Data were presented on how early diagnosis of NTM lung disease in patients with COPD may be associated with a reduction in healthcare resource utilization, particularly all-cause and respiratory-related hospitalizations. In addition, we were excited to share the latest subgroup analyses from WILLOW, which showed a reduction of exacerbations in patients with NCFBE, regardless of baseline disease severity."
Summaries of these presentations follow:
Poster: "Outcomes of Patients With Bronchiectasis by Disease Severity: Subgroup Analysis From the Brensocatib WILLOW Study"
This subgroup analysis of the phase 2 WILLOW study (a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of brensocatib in adults with NCFBE) compared patient characteristics and outcomes, as determined by the Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI), in mild (≤4), moderate (5–8), and severe (≥9) bronchiectasis subgroups.
- At baseline, mean (standard deviation [SD]) BSI score in all patients was 8.3 (4.4).
- Compared with placebo, brensocatib 10 mg and 25 mg (pooled data) reduced the risk of exacerbations across BSI subgroups during the study:
- In the mild subgroup:
41.2% of placebo and13.9% of brensocatib patients had ≥1 exacerbation. - In the moderate subgroup:
36.1% of placebo and28.3% of brensocatib patients had ≥1 exacerbation. - In the severe subgroup:
64.7% of placebo and43.8% of brensocatib patients had ≥1 exacerbation. - Across all subgroups, compared with placebo, brensocatib was also associated with numerical reductions in rate of lung function decline.
- Both doses of brensocatib were well-tolerated. The most frequent AEs were headache, cough and sputum increased. No major differences were seen across BSI subgroups.
- Between-group statistical comparisons were not possible because this was a post hoc analysis. Effects should be interpreted with caution because the size of some patient subgroups was small.
Mini Symposium: "Long-term Hospitalization Burden Among Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease With Possible Diagnostic Delays of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease"
This retrospective cohort study used US Medicare claims (2006–2017) to assess the association between possible diagnostic delay of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease and hospitalization burden among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) over a five-year period. The study identified 2,122 patients with COPD who were predicted to have NTM lung disease and received a subsequent NTM lung disease diagnosis. These patients were grouped by the possible diagnostic delay (time from predicted NTM lung disease onset to date of NTM lung disease diagnosis): <2 years (early diagnosis), 2–3 years (intermediate diagnosis), and >3 years (late diagnosis).
- Patients who were diagnosed earlier showed a decrease in hospitalizations over the 5-year follow-up.
- Possible NTM lung disease diagnostic delay was found among a substantial proportion of patients with COPD, especially among those with more severe COPD and other respiratory comorbidities.
- By the 5th year following the predicted NTM lung disease onset, hospitalization burden was highest in the late-diagnosis group: the late-diagnosis group was 2.1 times (
95% CI, 1.6–2.7) more likely to experience all cause hospitalizations and 3.1 times (95% CI, 2.3–4.2) more likely to experience respiratory-related hospitalizations compared with the early-diagnosis group, despite controlling for confounding factors such as patient characteristics, comorbidities, and COPD severity. - Study authors concluded that early NTM lung disease diagnosis may be associated with reduced longer-term hospitalization burden.
Poster: "The Dipeptidyl Peptidase-1 Inhibitor Brensocatib Reduces Airway Azurocidin-1 Levels in Bronchiectasis"
In this post-hoc analysis from the WILLOW study, researchers sought to measure the effect of brensocatib on azurocidin-1 (AZU1), an inflammatory mediator that is structurally related to neutrophil elastase but lacks protease activity. Sputum samples of patients enrolled in the trial were assessed at Day 1, Day 29, Day 169, and Day 197 (29 days following cessation of brensocatib treatment). Measurements of AZU1 concentration in sputum by ELISA showed:
- At Day 1, median sputum AZU1 levels, μg/mL (
95% CI) were comparable across groups: brensocatib 10 mg, 80.26 (57.59, 182.8); brensocatib 25 mg, 122.7 (73.89, 198.1); and placebo, 137.5 (74.91, 258.5). - By Day 29, 51/134 (
38% ) in the combined brensocatib group compared with 5/86 (7% ) in the placebo group had undetectable AZU1 (P < 0.001). - This significant effect on AZU1 was maintained over the entire duration of the treatment period with levels returning to pre-treatment levels 29 days after brensocatib was stopped.
- These findings suggest a novel effect of brensocatib on the multifunctional inflammatory mediator AZU1. The role of AZU1 in the pathophysiology of bronchiectasis warrants further investigation.
Poster: "Association of Baseline and Subsequent Bronchiectasis Exacerbations in Patients From the US Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry (BRR)"
This retrospective cohort study utilized data from patients enrolled in the US Bronchiectasis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Research Registry (BRR) to explore the association between the number of bronchiectasis exacerbations at baseline and follow-up over 4 years. Analyses of 520 patients were conducted at 3 time points in 2-year intervals: baseline (retrospective period of 2 years before enrollment), follow-up window 1 (years 1–2 after enrollment), and follow-up window 2 (years 3–4 after enrollment). Patients were categorized according to their baseline exacerbation status: 0 exacerbations or ≥1 exacerbation.
- Compared with patients with no exacerbations at baseline, patients with prior exacerbations had significantly more exacerbations in years 1–2 (
60% vs.71% , P < 0.01) and years 3–4 (53% vs.75% , P<0.0001). - Prior bronchiectasis exacerbations at baseline increased the odds of bronchiectasis exacerbations in the first 2 years by 1.5 times (
95% CI, 1.1–2.3) and in the subsequent 4 years by 2.4 times (95% CI, 1.6–3.5). - These findings suggest that prevention or improved control of bronchiectasis exacerbations is a potential unmet need in patients with bronchiectasis.
Poster: "A Qualitative Interview Study to Explore the Use of Adverse Event Mitigation Strategies Among Adults Receiving Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension (ALIS) in Real World Settings"
This real-world study of adults in
- Patients described more than 40 unique AE mitigation strategies, which were grouped into three main categories: 1) prepare for treatment, 2) prevent increased emergence of AEs, and 3) persist on treatment by mitigating AEs.
- The most common mitigation strategies (≥
50% ) included taking lozenges to manage throat irritation (70% ); soothing fluid intake (e.g., hot tea) (65% ); and the use of educational materials to understand what to expect in advance of starting treatment (60% ). - The results of this real-world interview study identified a diverse set of AE mitigation strategies used by patients with MAC lung disease taking ARIKAYCE.
The following Insmed posters were also presented at ATS 2023:
- Treatment Patterns and Adverse Events (AEs) Among Patients With Bronchiectasis (BE) Chronically Receiving Macrolides Over a 1-Year Follow-up Period
- Longitudinal Changes in Forced Expiratory Volume 1 (FEV1) According to Exacerbation Frequency in Patients From the US Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry (BRR)
- Treprostinil Palmitil Hydrolysis Is Facilitated by Lung Esterases
About ARIKAYCE
ARIKAYCE is approved in the United States as ARIKAYCE® (amikacin liposome inhalation suspension), in Europe as ARIKAYCE® Liposomal 590 mg Nebuliser Dispersion, and in Japan as ARIKAYCE® inhalation 590 mg (amikacin sulfate inhalation drug product). Current international treatment guidelines recommend the use of ARIKAYCE for appropriate patients. ARIKAYCE is a novel, inhaled, once-daily formulation of amikacin, an established antibiotic that was historically administered intravenously and associated with severe toxicity to hearing, balance, and kidney function. Insmed's proprietary PULMOVANCE® liposomal technology enables the delivery of amikacin directly to the lungs, where liposomal amikacin is taken up by lung macrophages where the infection resides, while limiting systemic exposure. ARIKAYCE is administered once daily using the Lamira® Nebulizer System manufactured by PARI Pharma GmbH (PARI).
About PARI Pharma and the Lamira® Nebulizer System
ARIKAYCE is delivered by a novel inhalation device, the Lamira® Nebulizer System, developed by PARI. Lamira® is a quiet, portable nebulizer that enables efficient aerosolization of ARIKAYCE via a vibrating, perforated membrane. Based on PARI's 100-year history working with aerosols, PARI is dedicated to advancing inhalation therapies by developing innovative delivery platforms to improve patient care.
About Brensocatib
Brensocatib is a small molecule, oral, reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1) being developed by Insmed for the treatment of patients with bronchiectasis and other neutrophil-mediated diseases. DPP1 is an enzyme responsible for activating neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs), such as neutrophil elastase, in neutrophils when they are formed in the bone marrow. Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell and play an essential role in pathogen destruction and inflammatory mediation. In chronic inflammatory lung diseases, neutrophils accumulate in the airways and result in excessive active NSPs that cause lung destruction and inflammation. Brensocatib may decrease the damaging effects of inflammatory diseases such as bronchiectasis by inhibiting DPP1 and its activation of NSPs. Brensocatib is an investigational drug product that has not been approved for any indication in any jurisdiction.
About TPIP
Treprostinil palmitil inhalation powder (TPIP) is a dry powder formulation of treprostinil palmitil, a treprostinil prodrug consisting of treprostinil linked by an ester bond to a 16-carbon chain. Developed entirely in Insmed's laboratories, TPIP is a potentially highly differentiated prostanoid being evaluated for the treatment of patients with PAH, PH-ILD, and other rare and serious pulmonary disorders. TPIP is administered in a capsule-based inhalation device. TPIP is an investigational drug product that has not been approved for any indication in any jurisdiction.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION FOR ARIKAYCE IN THE
WARNING: RISK OF INCREASED RESPIRATORY ADVERSE REACTIONS
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ARIKAYCE has been associated with an increased risk of respiratory adverse reactions, including hypersensitivity pneumonitis, |
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis has been reported with the use of ARIKAYCE in the clinical trials. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (reported as allergic alveolitis, pneumonitis, interstitial lung disease, allergic reaction to ARIKAYCE) was reported at a higher frequency in patients treated with ARIKAYCE plus background regimen (
Hemoptysis has been reported with the use of ARIKAYCE in the clinical trials. Hemoptysis was reported at a higher frequency in patients treated with ARIKAYCE plus background regimen (
Bronchospasm has been reported with the use of ARIKAYCE in the clinical trials. Bronchospasm (reported as asthma, bronchial hyperreactivity, bronchospasm, dyspnea, dyspnea exertional, prolonged expiration, throat tightness, wheezing) was reported at a higher frequency in patients treated with ARIKAYCE plus background regimen (
Exacerbations of underlying pulmonary disease has been reported with the use of ARIKAYCE in the clinical trials. Exacerbations of underlying pulmonary disease (reported as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), infective exacerbation of COPD, infective exacerbation of bronchiectasis) have been reported at a higher frequency in patients treated with ARIKAYCE plus background regimen (
Anaphylaxis and Hypersensitivity Reactions: Serious and potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported in patients taking ARIKAYCE. Signs and symptoms include acute onset of skin and mucosal tissue hypersensitivity reactions (hives, itching, flushing, swollen lips/tongue/uvula), respiratory difficulty (shortness of breath, wheezing, stridor, cough), gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain), and cardiovascular signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (tachycardia, low blood pressure, syncope, incontinence, dizziness). Before therapy with ARIKAYCE is instituted, evaluate for previous hypersensitivity reactions to aminoglycosides. If anaphylaxis or a hypersensitivity reaction occurs, discontinue ARIKAYCE and institute appropriate supportive measures.
Ototoxicity has been reported with the use of ARIKAYCE in the clinical trials. Ototoxicity (including deafness, dizziness, presyncope, tinnitus, and vertigo) were reported with a higher frequency in patients treated with ARIKAYCE plus background regimen (
Nephrotoxicity was observed during the clinical trials of ARIKAYCE in patients with MAC lung disease but not at a higher frequency than background regimen alone. Nephrotoxicity has been associated with the aminoglycosides. Close monitoring of patients with known or suspected renal dysfunction may be needed when prescribing ARIKAYCE.
Neuromuscular Blockade: Patients with neuromuscular disorders were not enrolled in ARIKAYCE clinical trials. Patients with known or suspected neuromuscular disorders, such as myasthenia gravis, should be closely monitored since aminoglycosides may aggravate muscle weakness by blocking the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.
Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Aminoglycosides can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Aminoglycosides, including ARIKAYCE, may be associated with total, irreversible, bilateral congenital deafness in pediatric patients exposed in utero. Patients who use ARIKAYCE during pregnancy or become pregnant while taking ARIKAYCE should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.
Contraindications: ARIKAYCE is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any aminoglycoside.
Most Common Adverse Reactions: The most common adverse reactions in Trial 1 at an incidence ≥
Drug Interactions: Avoid concomitant use of ARIKAYCE with medications associated with neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity. Some diuretics can enhance aminoglycoside toxicity by altering aminoglycoside concentrations in serum and tissue. Avoid concomitant use of ARIKAYCE with ethacrynic acid, furosemide, urea, or intravenous mannitol.
Overdosage: Adverse reactions specifically associated with overdose of ARIKAYCE have not been identified. Acute toxicity should be treated with immediate withdrawal of ARIKAYCE, and baseline tests of renal function should be undertaken. Hemodialysis may be helpful in removing amikacin from the body. In all cases of suspected overdosage, physicians should contact the Regional Poison Control Center for information about effective treatment.
LIMITED POPULATION: ARIKAYCE® is indicated in adults, who have limited or no alternative treatment options, for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease as part of a combination antibacterial drug regimen in patients who do not achieve negative sputum cultures after a minimum of 6 consecutive months of a multidrug background regimen therapy. As only limited clinical safety and effectiveness data for ARIKAYCE are currently available, reserve ARIKAYCE for use in adults who have limited or no alternative treatment options. This drug is indicated for use in a limited and specific population of patients.
This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on achieving sputum culture conversion (defined as 3 consecutive negative monthly sputum cultures) by Month 6. Clinical benefit has not yet been established. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.
Limitation of Use: ARIKAYCE has only been studied in patients with refractory MAC lung disease defined as patients who did not achieve negative sputum cultures after a minimum of 6 consecutive months of a multidrug background regimen therapy. The use of ARIKAYCE is not recommended for patients with non-refractory MAC lung disease.
Patients are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch, or call 1–800–FDA–1088. You can also call the Company at 1-844-4-INSMED.
Please see Full Prescribing Information.
About Insmed
Insmed Incorporated is a global biopharmaceutical company on a mission to transform the lives of patients with serious and rare diseases. Insmed's first commercial product is a first-in-disease therapy approved in the United States, Europe, and Japan to treat a chronic, debilitating lung disease. The Company is also progressing a robust pipeline of investigational therapies targeting areas of serious unmet need, including neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases and rare pulmonary disorders. Insmed is headquartered in Bridgewater,
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Contact:
Investors:
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Executive Director, Investor Relations
Insmed
(646) 812-4030
bryan.dunn@insmed.com
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Associate Director, Investor Relations
Insmed
(718) 594-5332
eleanor.barisser@insmed.com
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Insmed
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