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IBM RELEASES FIRST-QUARTER RESULTS

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IBM reported strong Q1 2025 results with revenue of $14.5 billion, up 1% (2% at constant currency). Software revenue grew 7%, while Consulting declined 2% and Infrastructure fell 6%. The company's generative AI book of business reached $6 billion, increasing by $1 billion in the quarter.

Key financial metrics include:

  • Gross Profit Margin: 55.2% (GAAP), up 170 basis points
  • Operating cash flow: $4.4 billion
  • Free cash flow: $2.0 billion
  • Diluted EPS: $1.12

IBM invested $7.1 billion in acquisitions, including HashiCorp, and returned $1.5 billion to shareholders in dividends. The company maintains its full-year guidance of at least 5% constant currency revenue growth and expects approximately $13.5 billion in free cash flow.

IBM ha riportato risultati solidi nel primo trimestre 2025 con ricavi di 14,5 miliardi di dollari, in aumento dell'1% (2% a valuta costante). I ricavi del software sono cresciuti del 7%, mentre la consulenza è diminuita del 2% e l'infrastruttura è calata del 6%. Il portafoglio di business legato all'IA generativa ha raggiunto 6 miliardi di dollari, con un incremento di 1 miliardo nel trimestre.

Principali indicatori finanziari includono:

  • Margine lordo di profitto: 55,2% (GAAP), in crescita di 170 punti base
  • Flusso di cassa operativo: 4,4 miliardi di dollari
  • Flusso di cassa libero: 2,0 miliardi di dollari
  • Utile per azione diluito: 1,12 dollari

IBM ha investito 7,1 miliardi di dollari in acquisizioni, incluso HashiCorp, e ha restituito 1,5 miliardi di dollari agli azionisti sotto forma di dividendi. La società conferma la guidance per l'intero anno con una crescita dei ricavi a valuta costante di almeno il 5% e prevede circa 13,5 miliardi di dollari di flusso di cassa libero.

IBM reportó sólidos resultados en el primer trimestre de 2025 con ingresos de 14,5 mil millones de dólares, un aumento del 1% (2% a moneda constante). Los ingresos por software crecieron un 7%, mientras que la consultoría disminuyó un 2% y la infraestructura cayó un 6%. El negocio de IA generativa alcanzó los 6 mil millones de dólares, aumentando en 1 mil millones durante el trimestre.

Los principales indicadores financieros incluyen:

  • Margen bruto de beneficio: 55,2% (GAAP), con un aumento de 170 puntos básicos
  • Flujo de caja operativo: 4,4 mil millones de dólares
  • Flujo de caja libre: 2,0 mil millones de dólares
  • Beneficio diluido por acción: 1,12 dólares

IBM invirtió 7,1 mil millones de dólares en adquisiciones, incluida HashiCorp, y devolvió 1,5 mil millones de dólares a los accionistas en dividendos. La compañía mantiene su previsión anual de al menos un 5% de crecimiento en ingresos a moneda constante y espera aproximadamente 13,5 mil millones de dólares en flujo de caja libre.

IBM은 2025년 1분기 실적에서 145억 달러의 매출을 기록하며 1%(환율 변동을 제외하면 2%) 성장했습니다. 소프트웨어 매출은 7% 증가한 반면, 컨설팅 부문은 2% 감소했고 인프라 부문은 6% 하락했습니다. 생성형 AI 사업 매출은 분기 동안 10억 달러 증가하여 60억 달러에 도달했습니다.

주요 재무 지표는 다음과 같습니다:

  • 총이익률: 55.2% (GAAP 기준), 170 베이시스 포인트 상승
  • 영업 현금 흐름: 44억 달러
  • 자유 현금 흐름: 20억 달러
  • 희석 주당순이익: 1.12달러

IBM은 HashiCorp를 포함하여 71억 달러를 인수에 투자했으며, 15억 달러를 배당금으로 주주에게 환원했습니다. 회사는 연간 매출이 환율 변동을 제외하고 최소 5% 성장할 것이라는 가이던스를 유지하며, 약 135억 달러의 자유 현금 흐름을 예상하고 있습니다.

IBM a annoncé de solides résultats pour le premier trimestre 2025 avec un chiffre d'affaires de 14,5 milliards de dollars, en hausse de 1 % (2 % à taux de change constants). Le chiffre d'affaires logiciel a augmenté de 7 %, tandis que le conseil a diminué de 2 % et l'infrastructure de 6 %. Le portefeuille d'affaires lié à l'IA générative a atteint 6 milliards de dollars, en hausse de 1 milliard au cours du trimestre.

Principaux indicateurs financiers :

  • Marge brute : 55,2 % (GAAP), en hausse de 170 points de base
  • Flux de trésorerie opérationnel : 4,4 milliards de dollars
  • Flux de trésorerie disponible : 2,0 milliards de dollars
  • Bénéfice dilué par action : 1,12 dollar

IBM a investi 7,1 milliards de dollars dans des acquisitions, dont HashiCorp, et a reversé 1,5 milliard de dollars aux actionnaires sous forme de dividendes. La société maintient ses prévisions annuelles avec une croissance du chiffre d'affaires d'au moins 5 % à taux de change constants et prévoit environ 13,5 milliards de dollars de flux de trésorerie disponible.

IBM meldete starke Ergebnisse für das erste Quartal 2025 mit einem Umsatz von 14,5 Milliarden US-Dollar, ein Anstieg von 1 % (2 % bei konstanten Wechselkursen). Der Softwareumsatz wuchs um 7 %, während das Consulting um 2 % zurückging und die Infrastruktur um 6 % sank. Das Geschäft mit generativer KI erreichte 6 Milliarden US-Dollar und stieg im Quartal um 1 Milliarde.

Wichtige Finanzkennzahlen umfassen:

  • Bruttogewinnmarge: 55,2 % (GAAP), ein Anstieg um 170 Basispunkte
  • Operativer Cashflow: 4,4 Milliarden US-Dollar
  • Freier Cashflow: 2,0 Milliarden US-Dollar
  • Verwässertes Ergebnis je Aktie: 1,12 US-Dollar

IBM investierte 7,1 Milliarden US-Dollar in Übernahmen, darunter HashiCorp, und zahlte 1,5 Milliarden US-Dollar an Dividenden an die Aktionäre zurück. Das Unternehmen hält seine Jahresprognose für ein Umsatzwachstum von mindestens 5 % bei konstanten Wechselkursen aufrecht und erwartet etwa 13,5 Milliarden US-Dollar freien Cashflow.

Positive
  • Software revenue growth of 7% (9% at constant currency)
  • Generative AI business increased by $1 billion to $6 billion total
  • Gross profit margin improved by 170 basis points to 55.2%
  • Strong free cash flow of $2.0 billion, up $0.1 billion year over year
  • Hybrid Cloud (Red Hat) revenue up 12%
  • Automation revenue up 14%
Negative
  • Consulting revenue declined 2%
  • Infrastructure revenue decreased 6%
  • IBM Z revenue down 15%
  • Net income decreased 33% year-over-year
  • Debt increased by $8.3 billion year to date

Insights

IBM exceeded expectations with strong Software growth driving significant margin expansion and solid free cash flow, despite mixed segment performance.

IBM's Q1 2025 results demonstrate solid execution with revenue of $14.5 billion, up 1% year-over-year (2% at constant currency). The standout performer was the Software segment with impressive 7% growth (9% constant currency), showcasing the success of IBM's strategic pivot toward higher-margin offerings.

The most significant achievement was gross margin expansion, with GAAP margins increasing 170 basis points to 55.2% and non-GAAP margins up 190 basis points to 56.6%. This improvement wasn't uniform: Software margins rose to 83.6% from 82.4%, Consulting margins jumped to 27.3% from 25.3%, while Infrastructure margins declined slightly to 52.8% from 54.2%.

Cash generation remained robust with $4.4 billion in operating cash flow and $2.0 billion in free cash flow, providing financial flexibility to both maintain dividend commitments ($1.5 billion) and fund $7.1 billion in acquisitions, including HashiCorp.

The headline 33% decline in GAAP net income requires context – the comparison period included a one-time tax benefit from "resolution of certain tax audit matters." The non-GAAP earnings decline of just 3% provides a clearer picture of operational performance.

Despite noting a "fluid" macroeconomic environment, management maintained full-year guidance of at least 5% constant currency revenue growth and approximately $13.5 billion in free cash flow, signaling confidence in their strategic direction and execution capabilities.

IBM's strategic pivot to AI and software is delivering results with generative AI business growing $1B+ in Q1 amid strong Software segment performance.

IBM's Q1 results validate its strategic transformation toward AI and high-value software. The generative AI book of business expanded by over $1 billion in a single quarter, reaching more than $6 billion inception-to-date, demonstrating real enterprise adoption of AI technologies.

The segment performance tells a compelling story of IBM's evolution: Software grew 7% with impressive sub-segment results – Hybrid Cloud (Red Hat) up 12%, Automation up 14%, and Data up 5%. These growth rates reflect strong market demand for IBM's strategic offerings, particularly in automation solutions.

Meanwhile, Consulting declined 2% (flat at constant currency), with Strategy and Technology down 3%. This warrants attention as consulting engagements often lead enterprise technology adoption cycles. The 6% Infrastructure decline, including a 15% drop in IBM Z mainframe revenue, largely reflects normal product cycle dynamics rather than fundamental weakness.

The stark performance divergence between segments illustrates IBM's successful transformation from hardware-centric to software-centric business models. This strategic shift is driving substantial margin improvements as software delivers significantly higher gross margins (83.6%) compared to consulting (27.3%) or infrastructure (52.8%).

The acquisition of HashiCorp, part of the $7.1 billion spent on acquisitions this quarter, strategically enhances IBM's hybrid cloud capabilities with industry-leading infrastructure automation tools that complement its existing software portfolio.

Results exceed expectations driven by strong Software revenue growth, significant gross margin expansion and solid free cash flow

ARMONK, N.Y., April 23, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- IBM (NYSE: IBM) today announced first-quarter 2025 earnings results.

"We exceeded expectations for revenue, profitability and free cash flow in the quarter, led by strength across our Software portfolio. There continues to be strong demand for generative AI and our book of business stands at more than $6 billion inception-to-date, up more than $1 billion in the quarter," said Arvind Krishna, IBM chairman, president and chief executive officer. "We remain bullish on the long-term growth opportunities for technology and the global economy. While the macroeconomic environment is fluid, based on what we know today, we are maintaining our full-year expectations for revenue growth and free cash flow." 

First-Quarter Highlights

  • Revenue
    - Revenue of $14.5 billion, up 1 percent, up 2 percent at constant currency
    - Software revenue up 7 percent, up 9 percent at constant currency
    - Consulting revenue down 2 percent, flat at constant currency
    - Infrastructure revenue down 6 percent, down 4 percent at constant currency
  • Profit
    - Gross Profit Margin: GAAP: 55.2 percent, up 170 basis points; Operating (Non-GAAP): 56.6 percent, up 190 basis points
    - Pre-Tax Income Margin: GAAP: 8.0 percent, up 50 basis points; Operating (Non-GAAP): 12.0 percent, up 50 basis points
  • Cash Flow
    - Net cash from operating activities of $4.4 billion; free cash flow of $2.0 billion

FIRST-QUARTER 2025 INCOME STATEMENT SUMMARY


Revenue


Gross

Profit



Gross

Profit

Margin



Pre-tax

Income


Pre-tax

Income

Margin


Net

Income


Diluted

Earnings

Per Share

GAAP from

Continuing

Operations

$   14.5 B



$   8.0 B



55.2

%


$    1.2 B



8.0

%


$     1.1 B



$     1.12


Year/Year

1

%(1)


4

%


1.7

Pts


8

%


0.5

Pts


(33)

%(2)


(34)

%

Operating

(Non-GAAP)




$   8.2 B



56.6

%


$    1.7 B



12.0

%


$     1.5 B



$     1.60


Year/Year




4

%


1.9

Pts


5

%


0.5

Pts


(3)

%


(5)

%

(1)  2% at constant currency.

(2) GAAP 2024 net income includes a benefit from income taxes due to the resolution of certain tax audit matters.

"Revenue growth, once again led by Software, combined with our productivity initiatives, drove significant gross margin expansion and operating leverage in the quarter," said James Kavanaugh, IBM senior vice president and chief financial officer. "With our focus on the fundamentals of our business, we continue to maintain a strong liquidity position and yield solid free cash flow. This enables us to both invest in our business and return value to shareholders through dividends."

Segment Results for First Quarter

  • Software — revenues of $6.3 billion, up 7 percent, up 9 percent at constant currency:
    - Hybrid Cloud (Red Hat) up 12 percent, up 13 percent at constant currency
    - Automation up 14 percent, up 15 percent at constant currency
    - Data up 5 percent, up 7 percent at constant currency
    - Transaction Processing flat, up 2 percent at constant currency

  • Consulting — revenues of $5.1 billion, down 2 percent, flat at constant currency:
    - Strategy and Technology down 3 percent, down 1 percent at constant currency
    - Intelligent Operations down 2 percent, flat at constant currency

  • Infrastructure — revenues of $2.9 billion, down 6 percent, down 4 percent at constant currency:
    - Hybrid Infrastructure down 9 percent, down 7 percent at constant currency
          -- IBM Z down 15 percent, down 14 percent at constant currency
          -- Distributed Infrastructure down 5 percent, down 4 percent at constant currency
    - Infrastructure Support down 3 percent, flat at constant currency

  • Financing — revenues of $0.2 billion, down 1 percent, up 2 percent at constant currency

Cash Flow and Balance Sheet

In the first quarter, the company generated net cash from operating activities of $4.4 billion, up $0.2 billion year to year. IBM's free cash flow was $2.0 billion, up $0.1 billion year to year. The company returned $1.5 billion to shareholders in dividends in the first quarter and invested $7.1 billion in acquisitions, including the acquisition of HashiCorp.

IBM ended the first quarter with $17.6 billion of cash, restricted cash and marketable securities, up $2.8 billion from year-end 2024. Debt, including IBM Financing debt of $10.0 billion, totaled $63.3 billion, up $8.3 billion year to date.

Expectations

  • Revenue: The company continues to expect full-year constant currency revenue growth of at least 5 percent. At current foreign exchange rates, currency is expected to be about a one to one-and-a-half-point tailwind to growth for the year.
    - The company expects second-quarter revenue to be in the range of $16.40 billion to $16.75 billion.
  • Free cash flow: The company continues to expect about $13.5 billion in free cash flow for the full year.

Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements

Except for the historical information and discussions contained herein, statements contained in this release may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on the company's current assumptions regarding future business and financial performance. These statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, including, but not limited to, the following: a downturn in economic environment and client spending budgets; a failure of the company's innovation initiatives; damage to the company's reputation; risks from investing in growth opportunities; failure of the company's intellectual property portfolio to prevent competitive offerings and the failure of the company to obtain necessary licenses; the company's ability to successfully manage acquisitions, alliances and divestitures, including integration challenges, failure to achieve objectives, the assumption or retention of liabilities and higher debt levels; fluctuations in financial results; impact of local legal, economic, political, health and other conditions; the company's failure to meet growth and productivity objectives; ineffective internal controls; the company's use of accounting estimates; impairment of the company's goodwill or amortizable intangible assets; the company's ability to attract and retain key employees and its reliance on critical skills; impacts of relationships with critical suppliers; product and service quality issues; the development and use of AI and generative AI, including the company's increased offerings and use of AI-based technologies; impacts of business with government clients; reliance on third party distribution channels and ecosystems; cybersecurity, privacy, and AI considerations; adverse effects related to climate change and other environmental matters; tax matters; legal proceedings and investigatory risks; the company's pension plans; currency fluctuations and customer financing risks; impact of changes in market liquidity conditions and customer credit risk on receivables; risk factors related to IBM securities; and other risks, uncertainties and factors discussed in the company's Form 10-Qs, Form 10-K and in the company's other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or in materials incorporated therein by reference.

Any forward-looking statement in this release speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Except as required by law, the company assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements.

Presentation of Information in this Press Release

For generative AI, book of business includes Software transactional revenue, SaaS Annual Contract Value and Consulting signings. The generative AI book of business is further defined within Exhibit 99.2 in the Form 8-K that includes this press release.

In an effort to provide investors with additional information regarding the company's results as determined by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the company has also disclosed in this press release the following non-GAAP information, which management believes provides useful information to investors:

IBM results —

  • adjusting for currency (i.e., at constant currency);
  • presenting operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share amounts and related income statement items;
  • free cash flow;
  • net cash from operating activities excluding IBM Financing receivables;
  • adjusted EBITDA.

The rationale for management's use of these non-GAAP measures is included in Exhibit 99.2 in the Form 8-K that includes this press release and is being submitted today to the SEC.

Conference Call and Webcast

IBM's regular quarterly earnings conference call is scheduled to begin at 5:00 p.m. ET, today. The Webcast may be accessed via a link at https://www.ibm.com/investor/events/earnings-1q25. Presentation charts will be available shortly before the Webcast.

Financial Results Below (certain amounts may not add due to use of rounded numbers; percentages presented are calculated from the underlying whole-dollar amounts).

Contact:       IBM
                    Sarah Meron, 347-891-1770
                    sarah.meron@ibm.com 
    
                    Tim Davidson, 914-844-7847
                    tfdavids@us.ibm.com 

 

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL RESULTS

(Unaudited; Dollars in millions except per share amounts)



Three Months Ended
March 31,



2025



2024


REVENUE BY SEGMENT






Software

$                   6,336



$                   5,899


Consulting

5,068



5,186


Infrastructure

2,886



3,076


Financing

191



193


Other

61



108


TOTAL REVENUE

14,541



14,462








GROSS PROFIT

8,031



7,742








GROSS PROFIT MARGIN






Software

83.6

%


82.4

%

Consulting

27.3

%


25.3

%

Infrastructure

52.8

%


54.2

%

Financing

45.8

%


48.5

%







TOTAL GROSS PROFIT MARGIN

55.2

%


53.5

%







EXPENSE AND OTHER INCOME






SG&A

4,886



4,974


R&D

1,950



1,796


Intellectual property and custom development income

(253)



(216)


Other (income) and expense

(165)



(317)


Interest expense

455



432


TOTAL EXPENSE AND OTHER INCOME

6,873



6,669








INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS

BEFORE INCOME TAXES

1,158



1,074


Pre-tax margin

8.0

%


7.4

%

Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes (1)

103



(502)


Effective tax rate (1)

8.9

%


(46.7)

%







INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS

$                   1,054



$                   1,575








DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS






Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes

1



30








NET INCOME

$                   1,055



$                   1,605








EARNINGS PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK






Assuming Dilution






Continuing Operations

$                      1.12



$                      1.69


Discontinued Operations

$                      0.00



$                      0.03


TOTAL

$                      1.12



$                      1.72








Basic






Continuing Operations

$                      1.14



$                      1.72


Discontinued Operations

$                      0.00



$                      0.03


TOTAL

$                      1.14



$                      1.75








WEIGHTED-AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING (M's)






Assuming Dilution

945.4



933.4


Basic

928.0



917.2


____________________

(1) 2024 includes a benefit from income taxes due to the resolution of certain tax audit matters.

 

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

 

(Unaudited)


(Dollars in Millions)


At

March 31,
2025


At

December 31,
2024

ASSETS:





Current Assets:





Cash and cash equivalents


$                   11,035


$                   13,947

Restricted cash


126


214

Marketable securities


6,430


644

Notes and accounts receivable - trade, net


5,857


6,804

Short-term financing receivables, net


5,715


7,159

Other accounts receivable, net


897


947

Inventories


1,431


1,289

Deferred costs


1,074


959

Prepaid expenses and other current assets


2,770


2,520

Total Current Assets


35,336


34,482






Property, plant and equipment, net


5,742


5,731

Operating right-of-use assets, net


3,323


3,197

Long-term financing receivables, net


4,920


5,353

Prepaid pension assets


7,670


7,492

Deferred costs


769


788

Deferred taxes


7,594


6,978

Goodwill


66,065


60,706

Intangibles, net


12,392


10,660

Investments and sundry assets


1,856


1,787

Total Assets


$                145,667


$                137,175






LIABILITIES:





Current Liabilities:





Taxes


$                      1,573


$                      2,033

Short-term debt


6,913


5,089

Accounts payable


3,585


4,032

Deferred income


15,057


13,907

Operating lease liabilities


798


768

Other liabilities


7,179


7,313

Total Current Liabilities


35,106


33,142






Long-term debt


56,371


49,884

Retirement-related obligations


9,536


9,432

Deferred income


3,844


3,622

Operating lease liabilities


2,753


2,655

Other liabilities


11,105


11,048

Total Liabilities


118,714


109,783






EQUITY:





IBM Stockholders' Equity:





Common stock


61,913


61,380

Retained earnings


150,703


151,163

Treasury stock - at cost


(170,160)


(169,968)

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)


(15,575)


(15,269)

Total IBM Stockholders' Equity


26,880


27,307






Noncontrolling interests


72


86

Total Equity


26,953


27,393






Total Liabilities and Equity


$                145,667


$                137,175

 

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

CASH FLOW

(Unaudited)




Three Months Ended
March 31,

(Dollars in Millions)


2025


2024

Net Income from Operations


$                     1,055


$                     1,605

Depreciation/Amortization of Intangibles (1)


1,177


1,132

Stock-based Compensation


401


320

Operating assets and liabilities/Other, net (2)


(350)


(785)

IBM Financing A/R


2,087


1,897

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities


$                     4,370


$                     4,168






Capital Expenditures, net of payments & proceeds


(321)


(361)

Divestitures, net of cash transferred


(1)


703

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired


(7,098)


(82)

Marketable Securities / Other Investments, net


(5,559)


(4,469)

Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Investing Activities


$               (12,979)


$                  (4,210)






Debt, net of payments & proceeds


7,092


3,382

Dividends


(1,549)


(1,522)

Financing - Other


(100)


17

Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Financing Activities


$                     5,443


$                     1,877






Effect of Exchange Rate changes on Cash


167


(159)

Net Change in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash


$                  (2,999)


$                     1,676

____________________

(1)  Includes operating lease right-of-use assets amortization.

(2)  2024 includes the reduction of tax reserves.

 

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

GAAP NET INCOME TO ADJUSTED EBITDA RECONCILIATION

(Unaudited)




Three Months Ended

March 31,

(Dollars in Billions)


2025


2024


Yr/Yr

Net Income as reported (GAAP)


$           1.1


$           1.6


$         (0.5)

Less: Income from discontinued operations, net of tax


0.0


0.0


0.0

Income from continuing operations


1.1


1.6


(0.5)

Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes from continuing ops.


0.1


(0.5)


0.6

Pre-tax income from continuing operations (GAAP)


1.2


1.1


0.1

Non-operating adjustments (before tax)







Acquisition-related charges (1)


0.6


0.5


0.1

Non-operating retirement-related costs/(income)


0.0


0.1


(0.1)








Operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax income from continuing ops.


1.7


1.7


0.1








Net interest expense


0.3


0.2


0.0

Depreciation/Amortization of non-acquired intangible assets


0.7


0.7


0.0

Stock-based compensation


0.4


0.3


0.1

Workforce rebalancing charges


0.3


0.4


(0.1)

Corporate (gains) and charges (2)


0.0


(0.2)


0.2








Adjusted EBITDA


$           3.4


$           3.0


$           0.4

___________________

(1) Primarily consists of amortization of acquired intangible assets.

(2) Corporate (gains) and charges primarily consists of unique corporate actions such as gains on divestitures.

 

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

SEGMENT DATA

(Unaudited)




Three Months Ended March 31, 2025















(Dollars in Millions)


Software



Consulting



Infrastructure



Financing


Revenue


$                       6,336



$                        5,068



$                        2,886



$                            191


Segment Profit


$                       1,847



$                           558



$                           248



$                              69


Segment Profit Margin


29.1

%


11.0

%


8.6

%


35.8

%

Change YTY Revenue


7.4

%


(2.3)

%


(6.2)

%


(0.8)

%

Change YTY Revenue - Constant Currency


9.0

%


(0.5)

%


(4.3)

%


2.2

%




Three Months Ended March 31, 2024















(Dollars in Millions)


 Software



Consulting



Infrastructure



Financing


Revenue


$                       5,899



$                        5,186



$                        3,076



$                            193


Segment Profit


$                       1,500



$                           424



$                           311



$                              92


Segment Profit Margin


25.4

%


8.2

%


10.1

%


47.7

%

 

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

U.S. GAAP TO OPERATING (Non-GAAP) RESULTS RECONCILIATION

(Unaudited; Dollars in millions except per share amounts)



Three Months Ended March 31, 2025



Continuing Operations



GAAP



Acquisition-

Related

Adjustments (1)



Retirement-

Related

Adjustments (2)



Tax

Reform

Impacts



Operating

(Non-

GAAP)


Gross Profit

$         8,031



$                             201



$                                     —



$                           —



$              8,232


Gross Profit Margin

55.2

%


1.4

pts


pts


pts


56.6

%

SG&A

$         4,886



$                           (353)



$                                     —



$                           —



$              4,533


R&D

1,950



(4)







1,946


Other (Income) & Expense

(165)





(23)





(187)


Total Expense & Other (Income)

6,873



(357)



(23)





6,494


Pre-tax Income from Continuing Operations

1,158



557



23





1,738


Pre-tax Income Margin from Continuing

Operations

8.0

%


3.8

pts


0.2

pts


pts


12.0

%

Provision for/(Benefit from) Income Taxes (3)

$            103



$                             128



$                                   (12)



$                            2



$                 221


Effective Tax Rate

8.9

%


4.5

pts


(0.8)

pts


0.1

pts


12.7

%

Income from Continuing Operations

$         1,054



$                             429



$                                    35



$                           (2)



$              1,517


Income Margin from Continuing Operations

7.3

%


3.0

pts


0.2

pts


0.0

pts


10.4

%

Diluted Earnings Per Share: Continuing

Operations

$           1.12



$                            0.45



$                                 0.04



$                       0.00



$                1.60





Three Months Ended March 31, 2024



Continuing Operations



GAAP



Acquisition-

Related

Adjustments (1)



Retirement-

Related

Adjustments (2)



Tax

Reform

Impacts (4)



Operating

(Non-

GAAP)


Gross Profit

$         7,742



$                             170



$                                     —



$                       —



$              7,913


Gross Profit Margin

53.5

%


1.2

pts


pts


pts


54.7

%

SG&A

$         4,974



$                            (268)



$                                     —



$                       —



$              4,706


R&D

1,796









1,796


Other (Income) & Expense

(317)



(50)



(96)





(463)


Total Expense & Other (Income)

6,669



(318)



(96)





6,255


Pre-tax Income from Continuing Operations

1,074



488



96





1,658


Pre-tax Income Margin from Continuing

Operations

7.4

%


3.4

pts


0.7

pts


pts


11.5

%

Provision for/(Benefit from) Income Taxes (3)

$           (502)



$                            142



$                                      5



$                    448



$                  94


Effective Tax Rate

(46.7)

%


22.3

pts


3.0

pts


27.0

pts


5.6

%

Income from Continuing Operations

$         1,575



$                            346



$                                    91



$                  (448)



$             1,564


Income Margin from Continuing Operations

10.9

%


2.4

pts


0.6

pts


(3.1)

pts


10.8

%

Diluted Earnings Per Share: Continuing

Operations

$           1.69



$                           0.37



$                                 0.10



$                 (0.48)



$               1.68


____________________

(1)   Includes amortization of acquired intangible assets, in-process R&D, transaction costs, applicable retention, restructuring and related expenses, tax charges related to

       acquisition integration and pre-closing charges, such as financing costs. 2024 also includes a loss of $50 million on foreign exchange derivative contracts entered into by the

       company prior to the acquisition of StreamSets and webMethods from Software AG.

(2)   Includes amortization of prior service costs, interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortized actuarial gains/losses, the impacts of any plan curtailments/settlements and

       pension insolvency costs and other costs.

(3)   The tax impact on operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax income from continuing operations is calculated under the same accounting principles applied to the GAAP pre-tax income.

(4)   2024 includes a benefit from income taxes due to the resolution of certain tax audit matters.

 

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

GAAP OPERATING CASH FLOW TO FREE CASH FLOW RECONCILIATION

(Unaudited)




Three Months Ended
March 31,

(Dollars in Millions)


2025


2024

Net Cash from Operations per GAAP


$            4,370


$            4,168






Less: change in IBM Financing receivables


2,087


1,897






Net cash from operating activities excl. IBM Financing receivables


2,283


2,271






Capital Expenditures, net


(321)


(361)






Free Cash Flow


$            1,962


$            1,910

 

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

GAAP OPERATING CASH FLOW TO ADJUSTED EBITDA RECONCILIATION

(Unaudited)




Three Months Ended
March 31,

(Dollars in Billions)


2025


2024

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities


$           4.4


$             4.2






Add:





Net interest expense


0.3


0.2

Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes from continuing operations


0.1


(0.5)






Less change in:





Financing receivables


2.1


1.9

Other assets and liabilities/other, net (1)


(0.7)


(1.0)






Adjusted EBITDA


$           3.4


$             3.0

____________________

(1)    Other assets and liabilities/other, net mainly consists of Operating assets and liabilities/Other, net in the Cash Flow chart, workforce 

         rebalancing charges, non-operating impacts and corporate (gains) and charges.

 

 

Cision View original content to download multimedia:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ibm-releases-first-quarter-results-302436423.html

SOURCE IBM

FAQ

What was IBM's revenue growth in Q1 2025?

IBM's revenue grew 1% (2% at constant currency) to $14.5 billion in Q1 2025.

How much is IBM's generative AI business worth in Q1 2025?

IBM's generative AI book of business reached $6 billion, increasing by $1 billion during the quarter.

What is IBM's free cash flow guidance for 2025?

IBM expects approximately $13.5 billion in free cash flow for the full year 2025.

How much did IBM spend on acquisitions in Q1 2025?

IBM invested $7.1 billion in acquisitions, including the acquisition of HashiCorp.

What was IBM's Software segment performance in Q1 2025?

IBM's Software revenue grew 7% (9% at constant currency) to $6.3 billion.
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