Clovis Oncology’s Rubraca® (Rucaparib) Significantly Improves Progression-Free Survival in First-line Maintenance Treatment in Women with Ovarian Cancer Regardless of Their Biomarker Status in Phase 3 ATHENA-MONO Trial
Clovis Oncology announced positive results from the ATHENA-MONO trial, where Rubraca significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer compared to placebo. In the intent-to-treat population, the median PFS was 20.2 months for Rubraca versus 9.2 months for placebo. The study also showed benefits in HRD-positive and exploratory HRD-negative groups. Clovis aims to submit a supplemental New Drug Application to the FDA in Q2 2022 and a European submission in Q3 2022, expanding Rubraca's indication for first-line maintenance treatment.
- Significant improvement in median PFS: 20.2 months for Rubraca vs 9.2 months for placebo (ITT population).
- Median PFS of 28.7 months for HRD-positive patients treated with Rubraca vs 11.3 months for placebo.
- Successful exploratory PFS analysis in HRD-negative and BRCA mutant subgroups.
- Plans to submit a supplemental NDA to the FDA in Q2 2022 and follow up with European submission in Q3 2022.
- Discontinuation rate for treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in Rubraca arm was higher at 11.8% compared to 5.5% in placebo.
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ATHENA study evaluating Rubraca monotherapy versus placebo (ATHENA-MONO) successfully achieved the primary endpoint of improved PFS in both populations in the primary efficacy analyses: HRD-positive and all patients randomized (ITT)
- Median PFS of 20.2 months for Rubraca vs 9.2 months for placebo in the ITT population
- The exploratory PFS endpoints were also achieved in both HRD-negative and BRCA mutant subgroups of patients
- Safety of Rubraca observed in ATHENA-MONO was consistent with both the current US and European labels
- ATHENA-MONO results will serve as the basis of a supplemental NDA for US label expansion to be submitted during Q2 2022; European submission to follow during Q3 2022
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These data, including additional analyses, have been submitted for presentation at the
American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting inJune 2022
Based on these results, the Company plans to submit a supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) to the
“The results from the ATHENA-MONO study of Rubraca in first-line maintenance treatment ovarian cancer exceeded our expectations in terms of significant improvement in PFS versus placebo in each of the primary efficacy populations, including the all-comers or intent-to-treat population,” said
“While PARP inhibitors have shown efficacy as first-line maintenance treatment for patients with advanced ovarian cancer, questions still remain about the patient population that may benefit from their use. The results of ATHENA-MONO address many of these unanswered questions and expands the opportunity for rucaparib in all patients regardless of biomarker status,” said
“I believe the significant improvement in PFS demonstrated in the ATHENA-MONO trial underscores the importance of first-line maintenance therapy and the benefit that rucaparib can provide to women with advanced ovarian cancer irrespective of HRD status,” said Rebecca S. Kristeleit, MD, PhD, of Guy’s and St Thomas’
ATHENA is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 trial of rucaparib in first-line ovarian cancer maintenance treatment. It has two parts which are statistically independent. The top-line results reported today are from the ATHENA-MONO part (rucaparib vs placebo) with results from the ATHENA-COMBO part (rucaparib+nivolumab vs rucaparib) now expected in Q1 2023 based on a slower than expected event count.
ATHENA-MONO enrolled 538 women with high-grade ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. The primary efficacy analysis evaluated two prospectively defined molecular sub-groups in a step-down manner: 1) HRD-positive (inclusive of BRCAm tumors), and 2) all patients randomized (ITT) in ATHENA-MONO.
Following is a summary of the primary efficacy analyses by investigator review, the primary analysis of ATHENA-MONO.
Significant Improvement in PFS in the HRD-positive Patient Population
By investigator review, the rucaparib arm (n=185) successfully achieved statistical significance over the placebo arm (n=49) for the primary endpoint of PFS with a hazard ratio of 0.47 (
Significant Improvement in PFS in All Patients Studied (ITT or all comers)
Rucaparib also showed statistical significance in all 538 patients randomized in the ATHENA-MONO comparison. By investigator review, the rucaparib arm (n=427) successfully achieved statistical significance over the placebo arm (n=111) for the primary endpoint of PFS with a hazard ratio of 0.52 (
Treatment Benefit in PFS Endpoint for Exploratory HRD-negative Subgroup
By investigator review, the PFS endpoint in the exploratory subgroup of HRD-negative demonstrated a hazard ratio of 0.65 (
Treatment Benefit in PFS Endpoint for Exploratory BRCAm Subgroup
By investigator review, the PFS endpoint in the exploratory subgroup of BRCAm demonstrated a hazard ratio of 0.40 (
Results were consistent for the germline BRCA (n=68) and somatic BRCA (n=33) and unknown (n=14) populations.
Summary of ATHENA-MONO Safety
The safety of Rubraca observed in ATHENA-MONO was consistent with both the current US and European labels. The most common (≥
Rubraca is not currently approved in the first-line ovarian cancer maintenance setting. Clovis intends to provide these data to US and European regulatory authorities and is on track to submit filings during the second and third quarters of 2022, respectively, in those geographies.
Conference Call Details
Clovis will hold a conference call to discuss the ATHENA-MONO results this morning,
About the ATHENA Clinical Trial
ATHENA (GOG 3020/ENGOT-ov45) (NCT03522246) is an international, randomized, double-blind, phase III trial consisting of two separate and fully independently powered study comparisons evaluating Rubraca monotherapy (ATHENA-MONO) and Rubraca in combination with nivolumab (ATHENA-COMBO) as maintenance treatment for patients with newly diagnosed advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. ATHENA enrolled approximately 1000 patients across 24 countries, all women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer who responded to their first-line chemotherapy. The trial completed accrual in 2020 and was conducted in association with the
ATHENA-MONO is evaluating the benefit of Rubraca monotherapy versus placebo in 538 women in this patient population. The primary efficacy analysis evaluated two prospectively defined molecular sub-groups in a step-down manner: 1) HRD-positive (inclusive of BRCA mutant) tumors, and 2) the intent-to-treat population, or all patients treated in ATHENA-MONO.
The ATHENA-COMBO portion of the trial, anticipated to readout in Q1 2023, is evaluating the magnitude of benefit of adding Opdivo (nivolumab) to Rubraca monotherapy in the ovarian cancer first-line maintenance treatment setting. ATHENA-COMBO is anticipated to be the first Phase 3 dataset to readout evaluating the combination of a PARP inhibitor and an immune checkpoint inhibitor as maintenance treatment following completion and response to front-line chemotherapy.
About Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is the eighth leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. In 2020, GLOBOCAN estimated 314,000 women received a new diagnosis of ovarian cancer and approximately 207,200 women died from ovarian cancer. According to the
Despite recent advances in the therapeutic landscape of newly diagnosed ovarian cancer, advanced ovarian cancer is still considered incurable for the majority of patients, and the optimal treatment strategy has yet to be determined.i Although most respond initially to this treatment,
About Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer
In the high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer setting, a patient’s tumor can be classified based on the genetic biomarker status: those with homologous recombination deficiencies, or HRD-positive, include those with a mutation of the BRCA gene (BRCAm), inclusive of germline and somatic mutations of BRCA, which represent approximately 25 percent of patientsiii,iv; and those with a range of genetic abnormalities other than BRCAm, which result in other homologous recombination deficiencies that represent an additional estimated 25 percent of patients (HRD-positive, BRCAwt)v; in addition, those whose test results show no deficiencies in homologous recombination repair (HRD-negative) represent the remaining approximate 50 percent of patients.vi
About Rubraca (rucaparib)
Rucaparib is an oral, small molecule inhibitor of PARP1, PARP2 and PARP3 being developed in multiple tumor types, including ovarian and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers, as monotherapy, and in combination with other anti-cancer agents. Exploratory studies in other tumor types are also underway.
Rubraca is an unlicensed medical product outside of the US and
Rubraca Ovarian Cancer US FDA Approved Indications
Rubraca is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult women with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy.
Rubraca is indicated for the treatment of adult women with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Rubraca.
Select Important Safety Information
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)/Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) have occurred in patients treated with Rubraca, and are potentially fatal adverse reactions. In 1146 treated patients, MDS/AML occurred in 20 patients (
Do not start Rubraca until patients have recovered from hematological toxicity caused by previous chemotherapy (≤ Grade 1). Monitor complete blood counts for cytopenia at baseline and monthly thereafter for clinically significant changes during treatment. For prolonged hematological toxicities (> 4 weeks), interrupt Rubraca or reduce dose and monitor blood counts weekly until recovery. If the levels have not recovered to Grade 1 or less after 4 weeks or if MDS/AML is suspected, refer the patient to a hematologist for further investigations, including bone marrow analysis and blood sample for cytogenetics. If MDS/AML is confirmed, discontinue Rubraca.
Based on its mechanism of action and findings from animal studies, Rubraca can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Apprise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 6 months following the last dose of Rubraca.
Most common adverse reactions in ARIEL3 (≥
Most common adverse reactions in Study 10 and ARIEL2 (≥
Co-administration of rucaparib can increase the systemic exposure of CYP1A2, CYP3A, CYP2C9, or CYP2C19 substrates, which may increase the risk of toxicities of these drugs. Adjust dosage of CYP1A2, CYP3A, CYP2C9, or CYP2C19 substrates, if clinically indicated. If co-administration with warfarin (a CYP2C9 substrate) cannot be avoided, consider increasing frequency of international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring.
Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breast-fed children from Rubraca, advise lactating women not to breastfeed during treatment with Rubraca and for 2 weeks after the last dose.
Please Click here for full Prescribing Information for Rubraca.
You may also report side effects to
Rubraca (rucaparib)
Rubraca is indicated as monotherapy for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in response (complete or partial) to platinum-based chemotherapy.
Rubraca is indicated as monotherapy treatment of adult patients with platinum sensitive, relapsed or progressive, BRCA mutated (germline and/or somatic), high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who have been treated with ≥2 prior lines of platinum-based chemotherapy, and who are unable to tolerate further platinum-based chemotherapy.
Efficacy of Rubraca as treatment for relapsed or progressive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), fallopian tube cancer (FTC), or primary peritoneal cancer (PPC) has not been investigated in patients who have received prior treatment with a PARP inhibitor. Therefore, use in this patient population is not recommended.
Summary warnings and precautions:
Hematological toxicity
During treatment with Rubraca, events of myelosuppression (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia) may be observed and are typically first observed after 8–10 weeks of treatment with Rubraca. These reactions are manageable with routine medical treatment and/or dose adjustment for more severe cases. Complete blood count testing prior to starting treatment with Rubraca, and monthly thereafter, is advised. Patients should not start Rubraca treatment until they have recovered from hematological toxicities caused by previous chemotherapy (CTCAE grade ≥1).
Supportive care and institutional guidelines should be implemented for the management of low blood counts for the treatment of anemia and neutropenia. Rubraca should be interrupted or dose reduced according to Table 1 (see Posology and Method of Administration [4.2] of the Summary of Product Characteristics [SPC]) and blood counts monitored weekly until recovery. If the levels have not recovered to CTCAE grade 1 or better after 4 weeks, the patient should be referred to a hematologist for further investigations.
MDS/AML
MDS/AML, including cases with fatal outcome, have been reported in patients who received Rubraca. The duration of therapy with Rubraca in patients who developed MDS/AML varied from less than 1 month to approximately 28 months.
If MDS/AML is suspected, the patient should be referred to a hematologist for further investigations, including bone marrow analysis and blood sampling for cytogenetics. If, following investigation for prolonged hematological toxicity, MDS/AML is confirmed, Rubraca should be discontinued.
Photosensitivity
Photosensitivity has been observed in patients treated with Rubraca. Patients should avoid spending time in direct sunlight because they may burn more easily during Rubraca treatment; when outdoors, patients should wear a hat and protective clothing, and use sunscreen and lip balm with sun protection factor of 50 or greater.
Gastrointestinal toxicities
Gastrointestinal toxicities (nausea and vomiting) are frequently reported with Rubraca and are generally low grade (CTCAE grade 1 or 2) and may be managed with dose reduction (refer to Posology and Method of Administration [4.2], Table 1 of the SPC) or interruption. Antiemetics, such as 5-HT3 antagonists, dexamethasone, aprepitant and fosaprepitant, can be used as treatment for nausea/vomiting and may also be considered for prophylactic (i.e. preventative) use prior to starting Rubraca. It is important to proactively manage these events to avoid prolonged or more severe events of nausea/vomiting which have the potential to lead to complications such as dehydration or hospitalization.
Embryofetal toxicity
Rubraca can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman based on its mechanism of action and findings from animal studies. In an animal reproduction study, administration of Rubraca to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis resulted in embryo-fetal toxicity at exposures below those in patients receiving the recommended human dose of 600 mg twice daily (see Preclinical Safety Data [5.3] of the SPC).
Pregnancy/contraception
Pregnant women should be informed of the potential risk to a fetus. Women of reproductive potential should be advised to use effective contraception during treatment and for 6 months following the last dose of Rubraca (see section 4.6 of the SPC). A pregnancy test before initiating treatment is recommended in women of reproductive potential.
Click here to access the current EU SmPC (including for
Healthcare professionals should report any suspected adverse reactions via their national reporting systems.
About
To the extent that statements contained in this press release are not descriptions of historical facts regarding
1 HRD-positive may also be referred to as HR-deficient, HRD, HRD+, HRd, or biomarker positive
2 HRD-negative may also be referred to as HR-proficient, HRD-, HRp, or biomarker negative
i Monk BJ et al. ATHENA (GOG-3020/ENGOT-ov45): a randomized, phase III trial to evaluate rucaparib as monotherapy (ATHENA–MONO) and rucaparib in combination with nivolumab (ATHENA–COMBO) as maintenance treatment following frontline platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2021;0:1–6.
ii Hanker LC et al. The impact of second to sixth line therapy on survival of relapsed ovarian cancer after primary taxane/platinum-based therapy. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(10):2605-2612. doi:10.1093/annonc/mds203.
iii Pal T, Permuth-Wey J, Betts JA, et al. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations account for a large proportion of ovarian carcinoma cases. Cancer. 2005;104(12):2807-2816.
iv Pennington KP, Walsh T, Harrell MI, et al. Germline and somatic mutations in homologous recombination genes predict platinum response and survival in ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal carcinomas.
v Konstantinopoulos PA, Ceccaldi R, Shapiro GI, D’Andrea AD. Homologous recombination deficiency: exploiting the fundamental vulnerability of ovarian cancer. Cancer Discov. 2015;5(11):1137-1154
vi Quesada S, Fabbro M, Jerome Solassol. Toward more comprehensive homologous recombination deficiency assays in ovarian cancer part 2: medical perspectives, Cancers. 2022; 14, 1098.
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