RYB Education, Inc. Reports Second Quarter 2020 Financial Results
RYB Education, Inc. (RYB) reported its Q2 2020 results, facing significant challenges due to COVID-19. Net revenues fell to $12.8 million from $53.6 million year-over-year, with a gross loss of $9.5 million compared to a gross profit of $11.9 million in Q2 2019. Net loss attributable to shareholders was $12.8 million, contrasting sharply with a net income of $2.9 million in the previous year. Total cash and cash equivalents decreased to $48.3 million. However, the company is encouraged by the reopening of 75% of its kindergartens and expects revenues of $27-28 million for Q3 2020.
- 75% of directly operated kindergartens in PRC and Singapore resumed operations by end of Q2 2020.
- Expecting net revenues of $27-28 million for Q3 2020, signaling potential recovery.
- Net revenues dropped 76% year-over-year, from $53.6 million in Q2 2019 to $12.8 million in Q2 2020.
- Gross loss of $9.5 million compared to a gross profit of $11.9 million in Q2 2019.
- Net loss attributable to shareholders for Q2 2020 was $12.8 million, a stark contrast to a $2.9 million net income in Q2 2019.
BEIJING, Aug. 27, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- RYB Education, Inc. ("RYB" or the "Company") (NYSE: RYB), a leading early childhood education service provider in China, today announced its unaudited financial results for the second quarter of 2020.
Impact from COVID-19
With the unprecedented challenges created by the Covid-19 pandemic since late January 2020, the Company encountered disruptions of business starting from the first quarter. Following the control measures and regulations introduced by the government, the Company began in late January to temporarily suspend the operations of its facilities in China. The closure of facilities has continued through nearly the entire second quarter of this year. This had a significantly adverse impact on the result of operation in the first half of 2020 as the majority of the Company's net revenues are derived from tuition fees collected at such facilities.
In response to the challenges presented by Covid-19, the Company has taken various actions to mitigate impacts, including measures to ensure the health and safety of the students and families, to optimize personnel and control discretionary spending, especially for the business initiatives facing more serious impact in the near term. Moreover, the Company acted swiftly and effectively to introduce online education content and maintain ongoing parent-teacher communication. The Company is encouraged to see that these efforts and education offerings have been well-received by students and their families.
By the end of the second quarter,
Second Quarter 2020 Operational and Financial Summary
- Number of students enrolled at directly operated facilities was 31,023[1] as of June 30, 2020, compared with 30,478 as of June 30, 2019.
- Net revenues were
$12.8 million , compared with$53.6 million for the second quarter of 2019. - Gross loss was
$9.5 million , compared with gross profit of$11.9 million for the second quarter of 2019. - Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB for the second quarter of 2020 was
$12.8 million , compared with$2.9 million of net income attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB for the second quarter of 2019. Adjusted net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders[2] of RYB for the second quarter of 2020 was$12.0 million , compared with$3.9 million of adjusted net income attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB for the second quarter of 2019. - Cash used in operating activities was
$5.0 million in the second quarter of 2020, compared with$2.9 million of cash used in operating activities for the second quarter of 2019.
First Six Months of 2020 Financial Results
- Net revenues were
$30.1 million , compared with$87.8 million for the first six months of 2019. - Gross loss was
$21.1 million , compared with gross profit of$13.8 million for the first six months of 2019. - Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB was
$39.5 million , compared with$0.6 million of net income attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB for the same period of 2019. Adjusted net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB was$37.9 million , compared with$2.7 million of adjusted net income attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB for the same period of 2019. - Cash used in operating activities was
$19.0 million , compared with$10.3 million of cash generated from operating activities for the same period of 2019.
"During the second quarter, in the face of prolonged facility closures due to impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic, we continued to enhance our online service capabilities to ensure that students would have undisrupted remote access to high-quality at-home learning resources and to a good collection of early childhood education content," said Ms. Yanlai Shi, Co-founder, Director and Chief Executive Officer of RYB, "Following the initial launch in the first quarter of our paid course platform for kindergarteners, during the second quarter the team further added content offerings available on the platform. We simultaneously carried out a pilot promotion of this platform for enrolled students at some directly operated kindergartens, and their parents provided positive feedback. With the help of this platform and most of our facilities across regions back to normal operation over time, we will push forward the online-merge-offline practice for learning at the kindergarten level. While still in its very early stage, I believe this platform will help us better upgrade our service quality as part of our digitalization efforts in kindergarten services. With a complete and polished content platform fully established in the future, we look forward to exploring its potential to be adopted across market.
"At the same time, we also completed planning for service management model for third-party kindergarten and play-and-learn center operations. We plan to leverage our integrated online-merge-offline model and expand existing services by this service management model. Through this service management model, we can deliver high-quality content, standardized management systems, and targeted service training to a broad range of facility operators in a systematic manner with modularized offerings. We believe this can also help reinvigorate the industry. In addition, we kicked off our early-years childcare business, an initiative for which we have been doing market research, developing educational content, assembling a team with expertise, and setting up an operating pilot facility for nearly three years. With a supportive policy environment for early-years childcare services, along with our core strengths and network presence, we are confident to see further growth in this service unit, and it becoming an integral part of a refined and expanded service offerings for 0-6-year-olds," concluded Ms. Shi.
Mr. Hao Gu, Chief Financial Officer of RYB, added, "In the second quarter, the Company's revenues came under pressure as prolonged facility closures were observed due to Covid-19 impacts across regions. However, we actively executed strict measures to reduce expenses and expenditures and control cash outflows. As compared to the first quarter, the gross and operating losses also significantly narrowed. Our directly operated facilities have started to resume operation in the second quarter, and with the upcoming semester starting in September, we expect to see significant improvement in the Company's operating cash flow. We are pleased that at the end of the second quarter, with the exception of facilities in a few places including Beijing and Wuhan, most of our directly operated kindergartens had re-opened. Thanks to the comprehensive planning beforehand and meticulous advance preparation, we are happy to report a satisfactory attendance rate, or rate of return to our facilities of approximately
"In the process of upgrading our services and our business transformation, we will make use of the advantages of our existing facility network and enrollment and leverage other resources to achieve better performance and long-term growth efficiently," concluded Mr. Gu.
Second Quarter 2020 Financial Results
Net Revenues
Net revenues for the second quarter of 2020 were
Service revenues for the second quarter of 2020 were
Products revenues for the second quarter of 2020 were
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues for the second quarter of 2020 was
Gross Profit/loss
As a result of the foregoing, gross loss for the second quarter of 2020 was
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses for the second quarter of 2020 were
Selling expenses for the second quarter of 2020 were
G&A expenses for the second quarter of 2020 were
Operating Income/loss
Operating loss for the second quarter of 2020 was
Net Income/loss
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB for the second quarter of 2020 was
Basic and diluted net loss per American depositary share ("ADS") attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB for the second quarter of 2020 were
Adjusted basic and diluted net loss per ADS attributable to ordinary shareholders[4] of RYB for the second quarter of 2020 were
EBITDA[5] for the second quarter of 2020 was a loss of
Operating Cash Flow
Cash used in operating activities was
Balance Sheet
As of June 30, 2020, the Company had total cash and cash equivalents of
First Six Months of 2020 Financial Results
Net Revenues
Net revenues for the first six months of 2020 were
Services revenues for the first six months of 2020 were
Products revenues for the first six months of 2020 were
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues for the first six months of 2020 was
Gross Profit/loss
Gross loss for the first six months of 2020 was
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses for the first six months of 2020 were
Selling expenses were
G&A expenses for the first six months of 2020 were
Impairment loss on goodwill was
Operating Income/loss
Operating loss for the first six months of 2020 was
Net Income/loss
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB for the first six months of 2020 was
Basic and diluted net loss per ADS attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB for the first six months of 2020 were
Adjusted basic and diluted net loss per ADS attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB for the first six months of 2020 were
EBITDA for the first six months of 2020 was a loss of
Business Outlook
The majority of our facilities have been reopened as of the date of this press release, and we expect the remaining of our existing kindergartens will be able to resume operations by the end of the third quarter. Based on the information available as of the date of this press release, for the third quarter of 2020, the Company's management currently expects net revenues to be in the range of
The above outlook is based on the current market conditions and reflects the Company management's current review, which is subject to change given the dynamic impact of COVID-19.
Conference Call
Management will hold a conference call at 8:00 a.m. Eastern Time on Friday, August 28, 2020 (8:00 p.m. Beijing Time on August 28, 2020). Listeners may access the call by dialing:
United States (toll free): | 1-888-346-8982 |
International: | 1-412-902-4272 |
China (toll free): | 400-120-1203 |
Hong Kong (toll free): | 800-905-945 |
Participants should dial-in at least 10-15 minutes before the scheduled start time and ask to be connected to the RYB Education, Inc. conference call.
A telephone replay will be available approximately one hour after the call until September 4, 2020 by dialing:
United States (toll free): | 1-877-344-7529 |
International: | 1-412-317-0088 |
Replay Access Code: | 10147536 |
Additionally, a live and archived webcast of the conference call will be available at http://ir.rybbaby.com.
About RYB Education, Inc.
Founded on the core values of "Care" and "Responsibility," "Inspire" and "Innovate," RYB Education, Inc. is a leading early childhood education service provider in China. Since opening its first play-and-learn center in 1998, the Company has grown and flourished with the mission to provide high-quality, individualized and age-appropriate care and education to nurture and inspire each child for his or her betterment in life. During its two decades of operating history, the Company has built "RYB" into a well-recognized education brand and helped bring about many new educational practices in China's early childhood education industry. RYB's comprehensive early childhood education solutions meet the needs of children from infancy to 6 years old through structured courses at kindergartens and play-and-learn centers, as well as at-home educational products and services.
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We use EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating income, adjusted net income, and adjusted basic and diluted net income per ADS, each a non-GAAP financial measure, in evaluating our operating results and for financial and operational decision-making purposes.
EBITDA is defined as net income excluding depreciation, amortization and income tax expenses; adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income excluding depreciation, amortization, income tax expenses, and share-based compensation expenses; adjusted operating income is defined as operating income excluding share-based compensation expenses; adjusted net income attributable to ordinary shareholders is defined as net income attributable to ordinary shareholders excluding share-based compensation expenses and changes in redeemable non-controlling interest; and adjusted basic and diluted net income per ADS attributable to ordinary shareholders are defined as basic and diluted net income per ADS attributable to ordinary shareholders excluding share-based compensation expenses and changes in redeemable non-controlling interest.
We believe that EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating income, adjusted net income, and adjusted basic and diluted net income per ADS, help identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be distorted by the effect of certain expenses that we include in income from operations and net income. We believe that EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating income, adjusted net income, and adjusted basic and diluted net income per ADS, provide useful information about our operating results, enhance the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects and allow for greater visibility with respect to key metrics used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making.
EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating income, adjusted net income, and adjusted basic and diluted net income per ADS, should not be considered in isolation or construed as an alternative to net income or any other measure of performance or as an indicator of our operating performance. Investors are encouraged to review the historical adjusted financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures. EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating income, adjusted net income, and adjusted basic and diluted net income per ADS, presented here may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. Other companies may calculate similarly titled measures differently, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures to our data. We encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety and not rely on a single financial measure.
Safe Harbor Statement
This announcement contains forward-looking statements. These statements are made under the "safe harbor" provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as "will," "expects," "anticipates," "future," "intends," "plans," "believes," "estimates," "confident" and similar statements. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about the Company's beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement, including but not limited to the following: the Company's brand recognition and market reputation; student enrollment in the Company's teaching facilities; the Company's growth strategies; its future business development, results of operations and financial condition; trends and competition in China's early childhood education market; changes in its revenues and certain cost or expense items; the expected growth of the Chinese early childhood education market; Chinese governmental policies relating to the Company's industry and general economic conditions in China. Further information regarding these and other risks is included in the Company's filings with the SEC. All information provided in this press release and in the attachments is as of the date of this press release, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, except as required under applicable law.
For investor and media inquiries, please contact:
In China:
RYB Education, Inc.
Investor Relations
Tel: 86-10-8767-5752
E-mail: ir@rybbaby.com
The Piacente Group, Inc.
Ross Warner
Tel: +86 (10) 6508-0677
E-mail: ryb@tpg-ir.com
In the United States:
The Piacente Group, Inc.
Brandi Piacente
Tel: +1-212-481-2050
E-mail: ryb@tpg-ir.com
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS | ||||
(in thousands of U.S. dollars) | ||||
As of | ||||
June 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | |||
Current assets: | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 48,318 | 68,728 | ||
Term deposits | - | 1,005 | ||
Accounts receivable, net | 2,142 | 2,804 | ||
Inventories | 6,963 | 7,256 | ||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 10,943 | 10,279 | ||
Amounts due from related parties | - | 349 | ||
Loan receivables | 566 | 1,149 | ||
Total current assets | 68,932 | 91,570 | ||
Non-current assets: | ||||
Restricted cash | 784 | 710 | ||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 47,614 | 50,142 | ||
Intangible assets | 15,356 | 17,700 | ||
Goodwill | 44,028 | 52,687 | ||
Long-term investment | 2,612 | 5,237 | ||
Deferred tax assets | 12,884 | 18,161 | ||
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 81,947 | 83,403 | ||
Other non-current assets | 13,465 | 16,484 | ||
Total assets | 287,622 | 336,094 | ||
Liabilities | ||||
Current liabilities: | ||||
Prepayments from customers, current portion(including prepayments from customers of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of | 6,658 | 5,904 | ||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities(including accrued expenses and other current liabilities of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of | 59,338 | 56,472 | ||
Income taxes payable(including income taxes payable of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of | 14,272 | 14,929 | ||
Operating lease liabilities, current portion (including operating lease liabilities of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of | 17,350 | 16,399 | ||
Deferred revenue, current portion(including deferred revenue of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of | 28,978 | 31,993 | ||
Amounts due to related parties (including amounts due to related parties of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of nil and | - | 124 | ||
Long-term debt, current portion (including long-term debt of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of nil and nil as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively) | 45 | 87 | ||
Total current liabilities | 126,641 | 125,908 | ||
Non-current liabilities: | ||
Prepayments from customers, non-current portion (including prepayments from customers of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of | 1,252 | 2,508 |
Deferred revenue, non-current portion (including deferred revenue of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of | 5,146 | 5,531 |
Operating lease liabilities, non-current portion (including operating lease liabilities of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of | 70,402 | 71,012 |
Other non-current liabilities (including other non-current liabilities of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of | 10,732 | 11,034 |
Deferred income tax liabilities (including deferred income tax liabilities of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of | 2,715 | 3,384 |
Total liabilities | 216,888 | 219,377 |
Mezzanine equity Redeemable non-controlling interests |
8,925 |
8,801 |
Equity | ||
Ordinary shares | 29 | 29 |
Treasury stock | (11,116) | (12,000) |
Additional paid-in capital | 140,569 | 139,843 |
Statutory reserve | 4,060 | 4,060 |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (1,277) | 141 |
Accumulated deficit | (73,430) | (33,553) |
Total RYB Education, Inc. shareholders' equity | 58,835 | 98,520 |
Non-controlling interest | 2,974 | 9,396 |
Total equity | 61,809 | 107,916 |
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and total equity | 287,622 | 336,094 |
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS | |||||||
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share, ADS, per share and per ADS data) | |||||||
Three Months Ended June 30,
| Six Months Ended June 30,
| ||||||
2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||
Net revenues: | |||||||
Services | 11,596 | 48,186 | 28,388 | 80,029 | |||
Products | 1,175 | 5,365 | 1,702 | 7,786 | |||
Total net revenues | 12,771 | 53,551 | 30,090 | 87,815 | |||
Cost of revenues: | |||||||
Services | 21,758 | 38,840 | 50,413 | 70,036 | |||
Products | 557 | 2,779 | 813 | 4,009 | |||
Total cost of revenues | 22,315 | 41,619 | 51,226 | 74,045 | |||
Gross (loss) profit | (9,544) | 11,932 | (21,136) | 13,770 | |||
Operating expenses | |||||||
Selling expenses | 124 | 733 | 356 | 1,283 | |||
General and administrative | 5,277 | 5,878 | 11,088 | 11,201 | |||
Impairment loss on goodwill | - | - | 8,454 | - | |||
Total operating expenses | 5,401 | 6,611 | 19,898 | 12,484 | |||
Operating (loss) income | (14,945) | 5,321 | (41,034) | 1,286 | |||
Interest income | 136 | 355 | 185 | 560 | |||
Government subsidy income | 1,742 | 95 | 1,887 | 220 | |||
Gain(loss) on disposal of subsidiaries | 48 | (416) | 48 | 281 | |||
(Loss) income before income taxes | (13,019) | 5,355 | (38,914) | 2,347 | |||
Less: Income tax expenses | 566 | 1,798 | 4,788 | 1,361 | |||
(Loss) income before loss in equity method investments |
(13,585) | 3,557 |
(43,702) | 986 | |||
Loss from equity method investments | (116) | (183) | (2,009) | (296) | |||
Net (loss) income | (13,701) | 3,374 | (45,711) | 690 | |||
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest |
(854) |
431 |
(6,247) | 239 | |||
Less: Decrease in redeemable non-controlling interests
Net (loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB Education, Inc. |
-
(12,847) |
-
2,943 |
-
(39,464) |
(143)
594 | |||
Net (loss) income per share attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB Education, Inc. | |||||||
Basic | (0.46) | 0.11 | (1.43) | 0.02 | |||
Diluted | (0.46) | 0.10 | (1.43) | 0.02 | |||
Net (loss) income per ADS attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB Education, Inc. (Note 1) | |||||||
Basic | (0.46) | 0.11 | (1.43) | 0.02 | |||
Diluted | (0.46) | 0.10 | (1.43) | 0.02 | |||
Weighted average shares used in calculating net (loss) income per ordinary share | |||||||
Basic | 27,694,997 | 27,904,877 | 27,688,253 | 28,466,197 | |||
Diluted | 27,694,997 | 29,239,156 | 27,688,253 | 29,813,542 | |||
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | |||||
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share, ADS, per share and per ADS data) | |||||
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||
2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||
Net (loss) income | (13,701) | 3,374 | (45,711) | 690 | |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax of nil: | |||||
Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments |
(256) |
(178) |
(1,765) |
(241) | |
Total comprehensive (loss) income | (13,957) | 3,196 | (47,476) | 449 | |
Less: Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest |
(711) |
319 |
(6,595) |
276 | |
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to RYB Education, Inc. | (13,246) | 2,877 | (40,881) | 173 | |
Note 1：Each ADS represents one Class A ordinary share.
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP AND NON-GAAP RESULTS | |||||
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share, ADS, per share and per ADS data) | |||||
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||
2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||
Operating (loss) income | (14,945) | 5,321 | (41,034) | 1,286 | |
Share-based compensation expenses | 810 | 964 | 1,610 | 2,261 | |
Adjusted operating (loss) income | (14,135) | 6,285 | (39,424) | 3,547 | |
Net (loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB Education, Inc. |
(12,847) |
2,943 |
(39,464) |
594 | |
Share-based compensation expenses | 810 | 964 | 1,610 | 2,261 | |
(Decrease) in redeemable non-controlling interests |
- |
- |
- |
(143) | |
Adjusted net (loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB Education, Inc. |
(12,037) |
3,907 |
(37,854) |
2,712 | |
Net (loss) income | (13,701) | 3,374 | (45,711) | 690 | |
Add: Income tax expense | 566 | 1,798 | 4,788 | 1,361 | |
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment, and amortization of intangible assets |
2,968 |
3,027 |
6,004 |
5,468 | |
EBITDA | (10,167) | 8,199 | (34,919) | 7,519 | |
Share-based compensation expenses | 810 | 964 | 1,610 | 2,261 | |
Adjusted EBITDA | (9,357) | 9,163 | (33,309) | 9,780 | |
Net (loss)income per ADS attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB Education, Inc.- Basic (Note1) | (0.46) | 0.11 | (1.43) | 0.02 | |
Net (loss) income per ADS attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB Education, Inc.- Diluted (Note1) | (0.46) | 0.10 | (1.43) | 0.02 | |
Adjusted net (loss)income per ADS attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB Education Inc.- Basic (Note1) | (0.43) | 0.14 | (1.37) | 0.10 | |
Adjusted net (loss) income per ADS attributable to ordinary shareholders of RYB Education Inc.- Diluted (Note1) | (0.43) | 0.13 | (1.37) | 0.09 | |
Weighted average shares used in calculating basic net (loss) income per ADS(Note1) |
27,694,997 |
27,904,877 |
27,688,253 |
28,466,197 | |
Weighted average shares used in calculating diluted net (loss) income per ADS(Note1) |
27,694,997 |
29,239,156 |
27,688,253 |
29,813,542 | |
Adjusted net (loss) income per share- Basic | (0.43) | 0.14 | (1.37) | 0.10 | |
Adjusted net (loss) income per share- Diluted | (0.43) | 0.13 | (1.37) | 0.09 | |
Note 1：Each ADS represents one Class A ordinary share.
[1] The number of students enrolled refers to the number of students enrolled before the temporary closure of the Company's facilities in China due to COVID-19 who remained enrolled as at June 30, 2020, and the number of students enrolled in our facilities in Singapore as at June 30, 2020.
[2] Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders is a non-GAAP financial measure, which is defined as net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders excluding share-based compensation expenses and changes in redeemable non-controlling interests. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Reconciliations of GAAP and non-GAAP results" elsewhere in this earnings release.
[3] Adjusted operating income (loss) is a non-GAAP financial measure, which is defined as operating income (loss) excluding share-based compensation expenses. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Reconciliations of GAAP and non-GAAP results" elsewhere in this earnings release.
[4] Adjusted basic and diluted net income (loss) per ADS attributable to ordinary shareholders is a non- GAAP financial measure, which is defined as basic and diluted net income (loss) per ADS attributable to ordinary shareholders excluding share-based compensation expenses and changes in redeemable non-controlling interest. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Reconciliations of GAAP and non-GAAP results" elsewhere in this earnings release.
[5] EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) excluding depreciation, amortization and income tax expenses. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Reconciliations of GAAP and non-GAAP results" elsewhere in this earnings release.
[6] Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure, which is defined as net income (loss) excluding depreciation, amortization, income tax expenses, and share-based compensation expenses. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Reconciliations of GAAP and non-GAAP results" elsewhere in this earnings release.
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SOURCE RYB Education, Inc.
