Rectitude Holdings Ltd Announces Fiscal 2025 First Half Financial Results
Rectitude Holdings (RECT) reported its fiscal 2025 first half financial results, showing mixed performance. Revenue increased 7.89% to S$22.1 million ($17.2 million), driven by S$5.6 million growth in safety equipment sales, partially offset by S$4.0 million decrease in auxiliary product revenues.
The company's gross profit slightly increased to S$7.7 million, while gross margin declined to 34.74% from 36.96% due to higher procurement costs. Net income decreased to S$1.1 million (S$0.08 per share) from S$2.1 million (S$0.17 per share) in the prior year period. Adjusted EBITDA declined to S$3.2 million from S$3.4 million.
Operating expenses increased with selling and marketing costs rising S$0.5 million to S$2.5 million due to new branch openings, while general and administrative expenses grew S$0.9 million to S$3.8 million, primarily due to IPO-related and ongoing public company costs.
Rectitude Holdings (RECT) ha riportato i risultati finanziari del primo semestre dell'anno fiscale 2025, mostrando performance miste. I ricavi sono aumentati del 7,89% a S$22,1 milioni (17,2 milioni di dollari), sostenuti da una crescita di S$5,6 milioni nelle vendite di attrezzature di sicurezza, parzialmente compensata da un calo di S$4,0 milioni nei ricavi dei prodotti ausiliari.
Il profitto lordo dell'azienda è leggermente aumentato a S$7,7 milioni, mentre il margine lordo è diminuito al 34,74% rispetto al 36,96% a causa di costi di approvvigionamento più elevati. L'utile netto è sceso a S$1,1 milioni (S$0,08 per azione) rispetto a S$2,1 milioni (S$0,17 per azione) nello stesso periodo dell'anno precedente. L'EBITDA rettificato è diminuito a S$3,2 milioni rispetto a S$3,4 milioni.
Le spese operative sono aumentate, con i costi di vendita e marketing in crescita di S$0,5 milioni a S$2,5 milioni a causa delle aperture di nuove filiali, mentre le spese generali e amministrative sono aumentate di S$0,9 milioni a S$3,8 milioni, principalmente a causa dei costi legati all'IPO e ai costi di una società pubblica in corso.
Rectitude Holdings (RECT) informó sobre los resultados financieros del primer semestre del año fiscal 2025, mostrando un desempeño mixto. Los ingresos aumentaron un 7.89% a S$22.1 millones (17.2 millones de dólares), impulsados por un crecimiento de S$5.6 millones en las ventas de equipos de seguridad, parcialmente compensado por una disminución de S$4.0 millones en los ingresos de productos auxiliares.
El beneficio bruto de la empresa aumentó ligeramente a S$7.7 millones, mientras que el margen bruto disminuyó al 34.74% desde el 36.96% debido a costos de adquisición más altos. La renta neta disminuyó a S$1.1 millones (S$0.08 por acción) desde S$2.1 millones (S$0.17 por acción) en el mismo período del año anterior. El EBITDA ajustado disminuyó a S$3.2 millones desde S$3.4 millones.
Los gastos operativos aumentaron, con los costos de ventas y marketing subiendo S$0.5 millones a S$2.5 millones debido a la apertura de nuevas sucursales, mientras que los gastos generales y administrativos crecieron S$0.9 millones a S$3.8 millones, principalmente debido a costos relacionados con la OPI y los costos de una empresa pública en curso.
Rectitude Holdings (RECT)는 2025 회계연도 상반기 재무 결과를 발표하며 혼합된 실적을 보였습니다. 매출은 7.89% 증가하여 S$22.1 백만(1,720만 달러)에 도달했으며, 이는 안전 장비 판매에서 S$5.6 백만의 성장을 이끌었으나 보조 제품 매출에서 S$4.0 백만 감소로 부분적으로 상쇄되었습니다.
회사의 총 이익은 S$7.7 백만으로 약간 증가했으나, 조달 비용 상승으로 인해 총 마진은 36.96%에서 34.74%로 감소했습니다. 순이익은 전년 동기 대비 S$1.1 백만(S$0.08 주당)으로 감소했으며, 전년 동기에는 S$2.1 백만(S$0.17 주당)이었습니다. 조정된 EBITDA는 S$3.2 백만에서 S$3.4 백만으로 감소했습니다.
운영 비용이 증가했으며, 판매 및 마케팅 비용이 S$0.5 백만 증가하여 S$2.5 백만에 도달한 것은 새로운 지점 개설 때문이며, 일반 및 관리 비용은 S$0.9 백만 증가하여 S$3.8 백만에 이르렀으며, 이는 주로 IPO 관련 비용 및 지속적인 상장 회사 비용 때문입니다.
Rectitude Holdings (RECT) a annoncé ses résultats financiers pour le premier semestre de l'exercice 2025, affichant des performances mixtes. Les revenus ont augmenté de 7,89 % pour atteindre 22,1 millions de S$ (17,2 millions de dollars), soutenus par une croissance de 5,6 millions de S$ dans les ventes d'équipements de sécurité, partiellement compensée par une baisse de 4,0 millions de S$ des revenus des produits auxiliaires.
Le bénéfice brut de l'entreprise a légèrement augmenté à 7,7 millions de S$, tandis que la marge brute a diminué à 34,74 % contre 36,96 % en raison de coûts d'approvisionnement plus élevés. Le bénéfice net a diminué à 1,1 million de S$ (0,08 S$ par action) contre 2,1 millions de S$ (0,17 S$ par action) au cours de la même période de l'année précédente. L'EBITDA ajusté a diminué à 3,2 millions de S$ contre 3,4 millions de S$.
Les dépenses d'exploitation ont augmenté, les coûts de vente et de marketing ayant augmenté de 0,5 million de S$ pour atteindre 2,5 millions de S$, en raison de l'ouverture de nouvelles succursales, tandis que les dépenses générales et administratives ont augmenté de 0,9 million de S$ pour atteindre 3,8 millions de S$, principalement en raison des coûts liés à l'IPO et des coûts d'une entreprise publique en cours.
Rectitude Holdings (RECT) hat die finanziellen Ergebnisse für das erste Halbjahr des Geschäftsjahres 2025 veröffentlicht und zeigt gemischte Leistungen. Der Umsatz stieg um 7,89% auf S$22,1 Millionen (17,2 Millionen US-Dollar), was durch ein Wachstum von S$5,6 Millionen im Verkauf von Sicherheitsausrüstungen unterstützt wurde, teilweise ausgeglichen durch einen Rückgang der Einnahmen aus Nebenprodukten um S$4,0 Millionen.
Der Bruttogewinn des Unternehmens stieg leicht auf S$7,7 Millionen, während die Bruttomarge aufgrund höherer Beschaffungskosten von 36,96% auf 34,74% fiel. Der Nettogewinn sank auf S$1,1 Millionen (S$0,08 pro Aktie) von S$2,1 Millionen (S$0,17 pro Aktie) im Vorjahreszeitraum. Das bereinigte EBITDA fiel auf S$3,2 Millionen von S$3,4 Millionen.
Die Betriebsausgaben stiegen, wobei die Verkaufs- und Marketingkosten um S$0,5 Millionen auf S$2,5 Millionen aufgrund neuer Filialeröffnungen zunahmen, während die allgemeinen und administrativen Ausgaben um S$0,9 Millionen auf S$3,8 Millionen stiegen, hauptsächlich aufgrund von IPO-bezogenen und laufenden Kosten eines öffentlichen Unternehmens.
- Revenue growth of 7.89% to S$22.1 million
- Safety equipment sales increased by S$5.6 million
- Gross profit increased to S$7.7 million
- Expansion through new branch openings
- Net income declined 47.6% to S$1.1 million
- Earnings per share decreased from S$0.17 to S$0.08
- Gross margin declined from 36.96% to 34.74%
- Adjusted EBITDA decreased from S$3.4M to S$3.2M
- Operating expenses increased significantly due to IPO and new branches
Insights
Rectitude's H1 FY2025 results present a mixed financial picture that requires careful analysis beyond headline numbers. While revenue growth of 7.89% to
The halving of net income from
- Gross margin erosion from
36.96% to34.74% due to higher procurement costs - Selling and marketing expenses increased
26.3% toS$2.5 million - G&A expenses surged
31% toS$3.8 million
The divergent performance between product lines is telling - safety equipment grew substantially while auxiliary products declined by
While IPO-related expenses explain part of the cost increase, the ongoing branch expansion strategy creates a structural increase in the company's cost base that will require substantial revenue scaling to deliver improved profitability. The modest
Management's forward-looking statements emphasize geographic expansion and new product development without addressing margin recovery strategies, suggesting continued prioritization of growth over profitability improvement in the near term.
Rectitude's product strategy shows both promise and challenges for their position in the safety equipment market. The
The company's pivot toward customizable products represents an important strategic shift that could create competitive differentiation but comes with margin implications as evidenced by increased procurement costs. This approach typically enhances customer loyalty and reduces commoditization pressure, but requires scale to optimize manufacturing efficiency.
The
The expansion into Energy and Power Storage Products mentioned in the outlook represents a sensible adjacent market opportunity, as workplace safety in energy sectors typically commands premium pricing due to higher hazard profiles. However, the minimal R&D investment (
Geographic expansion through new branches aligns with industry trends toward localized service and faster delivery capabilities but creates short-term cost pressure. The strategy depends on rapidly achieving sufficient volume in each new location to absorb the fixed operational costs.
The DADE brand initiative for auxiliary products appears to be struggling based on the revenue decline, suggesting possible positioning or pricing strategy issues that require reassessment.
SINGAPORE, March 27, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Rectitude Holdings Ltd (the “Company” or “Rectitude”), a Singapore-based provider of safety equipment and related industrial-grade hardware products, today announced its unaudited financial results for the six months ended September 30, 2024.
Fiscal 2025 First Half Financial Results Compared to Fiscal 2024 First Half (amounts in U.S. dollars ($) unless otherwise noted):
- Revenues for the first six months of fiscal 2025 were
$17.2 million . Revenues in Singapore Dollars, increased7.89% to S$22.1 million , from S$20.5 million in the prior-year period. Revenue growth was driven by a S$5.6 million increase in safety equipment revenues, partially offset by a S$4.0 million decrease in auxiliary product revenues. - Gross profit increased to S
$7.7 million , from S$7.6 million in the prior year was primarily due to higher sales volumes and improved efficiencies, partially offset by pressures from increased procurement costs arising from customizable products made for customers and newly launched auxiliary products under the DADE brand. - Gross profit margin decreased to
34.74% of revenue, from36.96% of revenue in the prior year as a result of the factors noted above. - Selling and marketing expenses in Singapore Dollars, increased by S
$0.5 million to S$2.5 million , due to opening of new branches and their associated operating costs. - General and administrative expenses in Singapore Dollars, increased by S
$0.9 million to S$3.8 million due to increased costs associated with the Company’s initial public offering as well as ongoing public company costs. - Net income was
$0.9 million , or$0.06 per diluted share, for the fiscal first half ended September 30, 2024. In Singapore Dollars, net income was S$1.1 million , or S$0.08 per diluted share, for the fiscal first half ended September 30, 2024, compared to net income of S$2.1 million , or S$0.17 per diluted share, for the fiscal first half ended September 30, 2023. - Adjusted EBITDA for the fiscal first half ended September 30, 2024, was
$2.4 million . In Singapore Dollars, Adjusted EBITDA decreased slightly to S$3.2 million , compared to S$3.4 million in the prior year period.
“The first six months of the fiscal year have marked by continued innovation for the Company as we seek to meet the evolving needs of our customers. As we continue to invest in developing new products, we are opening the door to new markets and an expanded customer relationships,” said Mr. Jian Zhang, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and Executive Director at Rectitude. “The tenacity and dedication of all our employees is evident in our continued revenue growth and customer satisfaction. As we look to the future, we are inspired by the opportunities ahead of us and how those affect our total addressable market. Continued investment in the Company, along with increasing our strategic presence across Singapore and Southeast Asia will strengthen our position in the market and enable Rectitude to maximize our shareholder value.”
Revenues
For the fiscal first half ended September 30, 2024, total revenues were
Cost of Revenues
For the fiscal first half ended September 30, 2024, cost of revenues was
Gross profit and Gross profit margin
Gross profit for the fiscal first half ended September 30, 2024, was
Selling and marketing expenses
Selling and marketing expenses primarily included expenses related to advertising and marketing activities and associated costs of our retail branches, which included labor costs, sales commissions and operating lease expenses. For the fiscal first half ended September 30, 2024, selling and marketing expenses were
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses primarily consisted of compensation cost to engineering, design and product development employees and software expenses. For the fiscal first half ended September 30, 2024, research and development expenses were
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses consisted primarily of motor vehicle operating expenses, transportation, property maintenance and property tax, allowance for expected credit losses and general administrative expenses such as staff costs, depreciation, legal and professional fees and other miscellaneous administrative expenses. For the fiscal first half ended September 30, 2024, general and administrative expenses were
Net Income
As a result of the factors described above, net income for the fiscal first half ended September 30, 2024 was approximately
Earnings per Share - Basic and Diluted
Earnings per basic and diluted share for the fiscal first half ended September 30, 2024 was
Adjusted EBITDA
The Company also views earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, subject to specific adjustments (Adjusted EBITDA) as an important measure of the results of operations. For the fiscal first half ended September 30, 2024, Adjusted EBITDA was
Outlook
Contemplating the Company’s Outlook for the second half of Fiscal Year 2025, Mr. Zhang commented, “We look forward to start the fiscal second half with stronger growth in Rectitude with our Energy and Power Storage Products to increase workplace safety for users. We will focus on growing our revenue as we continue expanding our presence within the Southeast Asian markets we serve. We remain committed to the core principles that have guided our Company throughout its history, setting the foundation for increased growth and returns over the long term.”
About Rectitude Holdings Ltd
Founded in 1997 in Singapore, Rectitude is principally involved in the provision of safety equipment, encompassing essential items such as personal protective clothing, gloves, safety footwear, personal fall arrest systems, portable fire extinguishers and traffic products. The Company also offers auxiliary products such as industrial hardware tools and electrical hardware required for construction sites. Rectitude’s products and solutions are marketed to a wide array of distributor networks and end markets, both in Singapore and increasingly throughout the Southeast Asian region, including Brunei, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam.
The Company has also posted an earnings presentation to its website which can be found here: https://ir.rectitude.com.sg/presentations/
For more information, please visit the Company’s website: https://ir.rectitude.com.sg.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this announcement are forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the Company's proposed Offering. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties and are based on the Company’s current expectations and projections about future events that the Company believes may affect its financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs, including the expectation that the Offering will be successfully completed. Investors can identify these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may” or other similar expressions. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent occurring events or circumstances, or changes in its expectations, except as may be required by law. Although the Company believes that the expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cannot assure you that such expectations will turn out to be correct, and the Company cautions investors that actual results may differ materially from the anticipated results and encourages investors to review other factors that may affect its future results in the Company's registration statement and other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
For investor and media inquiries, please contact:
Rectitude
Investor Relations
Email: ir@rectitude.com.sg
Zachary Mizener
Lambert by LLYC
Phone: +1 (313) 309-9500
Email: zmizener@lambert.com
RECTITUDE HOLDINGS LTD UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER, 30 2023 AND 2024 | ||||||||||||
For the Periods ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
2023 | 2024 | 2024 | ||||||||||
S$ | S$ | US$ | ||||||||||
Revenue | 20,483,795 | 22,099,549 | 17,223,559 | |||||||||
Cost of revenue | (12,912,013 | ) | (14,422,920 | ) | (11,240,683 | ) | ||||||
Gross profit | 7,571,782 | 7,676,629 | 5,982,876 | |||||||||
Selling and marketing expenses | (1,913,781 | ) | (2,461,020 | ) | (1,918,027 | ) | ||||||
Research and development expenses | (48,291 | ) | (51,376 | ) | (40,041 | ) | ||||||
General and administrative expenses | (2,916,668 | ) | (3,821,950 | ) | (2,978,683 | ) | ||||||
Total operating expenses | (4,878,740 | ) | (6,334,346 | ) | (4,936,751 | ) | ||||||
Income from operations | 2,693,042 | 1,342,283 | 1,046,125 | |||||||||
Other income (expense) | ||||||||||||
Other income, net | 37,187 | 200,766 | 156,470 | |||||||||
Interest expense | (79,173 | ) | (88,865 | ) | (69,259 | ) | ||||||
Total other income, net | (41,986 | ) | 111,901 | 87,211 | ||||||||
Income before income tax | 2,651,056 | 1,454,184 | 1,133,336 | |||||||||
Income tax expense | (553,689 | ) | (337,177 | ) | (262,783 | ) | ||||||
Net income | 2,097,367 | 1,117,007 | 870,553 | |||||||||
Other comprehensive income | ||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation loss | - | (388,769 | ) | (302,992 | ) | |||||||
Total comprehensive income | 2,097,367 | 728,238 | 567,561 | |||||||||
Weighted average number of ordinary shares | ||||||||||||
Basic* | 12,500,000 | 13,614,754 | 13,614,754 | |||||||||
Diluted* | 12,500,000 | 13,614,754 | 13,614,754 | |||||||||
Earnings per share | ||||||||||||
Basic | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.06 | |||||||||
Diluted | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.06 | |||||||||
RECTITUDE HOLDINGS LTD CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET AS OF MARCH 31, 2024 AND UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||
March 31, 2024 | September 30, 2024 | September 30, 2024 | ||||||||||
S$ | S$ | US$ | ||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||
Current assets | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 3,468,594 | 3,970,988 | 3,094,839 | |||||||||
Accounts receivable, net | 11,508,064 | 12,745,334 | 9,933,235 | |||||||||
Inventories, net | 6,249,895 | 6,095,351 | 4,750,488 | |||||||||
Deferred initial public offering (“IPO”) costs | 1,560,933 | — | — | |||||||||
Other receivables | 497,309 | 617,646 | 481,370 | |||||||||
Advances to related parties | 358,019 | 413,810 | 322,508 | |||||||||
Total current assets | 23,642,814 | 23,843,129 | 18,582,440 | |||||||||
Non-current assets | ||||||||||||
Financial instrument | 231,293 | 222,772 | 173,620 | |||||||||
Loan receivables | — | 7,057,050 | 5,500,000 | |||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 5,811,883 | 6,233,598 | 4,858,232 | |||||||||
Right-of-use assets – operating leases | 4,522,524 | 4,918,763 | 3,833,499 | |||||||||
Total non-current assets | 10,565,700 | 18,432,183 | 14,365,351 | |||||||||
Total assets | 34,208,514 | 42,275,312 | 32,947,791 | |||||||||
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity | ||||||||||||
Current liabilities | ||||||||||||
Bank loans, current portion | 598,848 | 1,057,695 | 824,328 | |||||||||
Finance lease liabilities, current portion | 168,192 | 195,777 | 152,581 | |||||||||
Accounts payable | 6,441,094 | 7,195,709 | 5,608,066 | |||||||||
Operating lease liabilities, current portion | 1,240,129 | 1,250,366 | 974,488 | |||||||||
Other payables | 3,058,781 | 1,068,646 | 832,860 | |||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 1,177,119 | 646,221 | 503,640 | |||||||||
Total current liabilities | 12,684,163 | 11,414,414 | 8,895,963 | |||||||||
Non-current liabilities: | ||||||||||||
Bank loans, non-current portion | 3,070,967 | 2,864,403 | 2,232,408 | |||||||||
Finance lease liabilities, non-current portion | 379,481 | 657,916 | 512,755 | |||||||||
Operating lease liabilities, non-current portion | 3,487,144 | 4,018,004 | 3,131,482 | |||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities | 1,446 | 1,446 | 1,127 | |||||||||
Total non-current liabilities | 6,939,038 | 7,541,769 | 5,877,772 | |||||||||
Total liabilities | 19,623,201 | 18,956,183 | 14,773,735 | |||||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 20) | — | — | — | |||||||||
Shareholders’ equity | ||||||||||||
Ordinary shares, US | 1,707 | 1,978 | 1,542 | |||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 3,377,293 | 11,382,600 | 8,871,172 | |||||||||
Retained earnings | 11,206,313 | 12,323,320 | 9,604,334 | |||||||||
Other comprehensive loss | — | (388,769 | ) | (302,992 | ) | |||||||
Total shareholders’ equity | 14,585,313 | 23,319,129 | 18,174,056 | |||||||||
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 34,208,514 | 42,275,312 | 32,947,791 |
RECTITUDE HOLDINGS LTD UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR SIX MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2024 | ||||||||||||
September 30, 2023 | September 30, 2024 | September 30, 2024 | ||||||||||
S$ | S$ | US$ | ||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||||||
Net income | 2,097,367 | 1,117,007 | 870,553 | |||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities | ||||||||||||
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | 269,095 | 289,103 | 225,316 | |||||||||
Amortization of right-of-use assets | 415,364 | 791,120 | 616,569 | |||||||||
Operating lease modifications | (7,025 | ) | (40,525 | ) | (31,584 | ) | ||||||
Bad debts write-off | 28,542 | — | — | |||||||||
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment | (5,000 | ) | (957 | ) | (746 | ) | ||||||
Allowance for inventories write-down | 110,392 | 28,214 | 21,989 | |||||||||
Allowance for expected credit losses – third parties | 3,304 | 133,618 | 104,136 | |||||||||
Fair value change in financial instrument | (9,162 | ) | (3,031 | ) | (2,362 | ) | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | ||||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net | 1,314,885 | (1,370,888 | ) | (1,068,419 | ) | |||||||
Other receivables | (109,147 | ) | (120,337 | ) | (93,786 | ) | ||||||
Advances to related parties | (56,959 | ) | (55,791 | ) | (43,481 | ) | ||||||
Inventories | (274,165 | ) | 126,330 | 98,457 | ||||||||
Accounts payable | (73,743 | ) | 754,615 | 588,119 | ||||||||
Other payables | 309,327 | (1,990,135 | ) | (1,551,037 | ) | |||||||
Finance lease liabilities – interest portion of lease payment | (16,782 | ) | (19,015 | ) | (14,820 | ) | ||||||
Operating lease liabilities | (321,309 | ) | (605,737 | ) | (472,089 | ) | ||||||
Income tax payable | 65,913 | (530,898 | ) | (413,760 | ) | |||||||
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities | 3,740,897 | (1,497,307 | ) | (1,166,945 | ) | |||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||||||
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (178,424 | ) | (298,761 | ) | (232,843 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment | 5,000 | 1,000 | 779 | |||||||||
Disbursement of loan to third party | — | (7,057,050 | ) | (5,500,000 | ) | |||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (173,424 | ) | (7,354,811 | ) | (5,732,064 | ) | ||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||||||
Proceeds from common shares issued for cash | — | 9,189,294 | 7,161,791 | |||||||||
Advances from /(repayment to) shareholders, net | (122,767 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Deferred IPO expenses | (241,690 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Dividends paid | (2,000,000 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Repayments of bank loans | (191,611 | ) | 252,283 | 196,620 | ||||||||
Payments for finance lease liabilities – principal portion | (83,175 | ) | (87,065 | ) | (67,855 | ) | ||||||
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities | (2,639,243 | ) | 9,354,512 | 7,290,556 | ||||||||
Net changes in cash and cash equivalents | 928,230 | 502,394 | 391,547 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period | 2,432,557 | 3,468,594 | 2,703,292 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period | 3,360,787 | 3,970,988 | 3,094,839 | |||||||||
Supplement disclosures of cash flow information | ||||||||||||
Income taxes paid | (487,776 | ) | (868,075 | ) | (676,545 | ) | ||||||
Interest paid | (79,173 | ) | (88,865 | ) | (69,259 | ) |
