Protagonist Therapeutics Announces Positive Phase 2a Data Supporting the Potential Use of Rusfertide as a First-in-Class Therapy in Hereditary Hemochromatosis

Rhea-AI Summary

Protagonist Therapeutics (PTGX) announced promising results from a Phase 2a study for rusfertide, aimed at treating hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), a genetic disorder causing excessive iron absorption. The study involved 16 patients and demonstrated significant reductions in therapeutic phlebotomy requirements and improved serum iron levels. Rusfertide exhibited a favorable safety profile, with most adverse events being mild. This marks a critical step towards developing the first-in-class therapy for HH, addressing unmet medical needs for patients unable to undergo traditional phlebotomy.

Positive

• Rusfertide demonstrated significant reduction in therapeutic phlebotomy requirements, from 0.28 to 0.009 per month (p<0.0001).
• 80% of patients normalized transferrin saturation (<45%) during treatment.
• Rusfertide maintained or reduced liver iron content while reducing phlebotomy frequency.
• Reported trends indicated improvements in patients' quality of life.
• Rusfertide was well tolerated with mostly mild or moderate adverse events.

Negative

• One patient had a pre-existing adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, raising potential safety concerns.
• Variability in ferritin levels during treatment may require further investigation.

NEWARK, Calif., Nov. 15, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Protagonist Therapeutics (Nasdaq: PTGX) ("Protagonist" or "the Company") today announced results from a Phase 2a study in which rusfertide, an investigational new drug, is being evaluated for the treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). HH is a genetic disorder arising from a deficiency or dysregulation of the natural hormone hepcidin, a condition which causes the body to absorb too much iron. The clinical data from the study were presented in an oral presentation at The Liver Meeting® of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD).

"Despite its prevalence, no drug therapies have been developed to date for the treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis," said Kris V. Kowdley, M.D., Director of Liver Institute Northwest, Professor at the Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine at Washington State University, an author of the ACG Guidelines for HH, and the study's principal investigator. "I'm encouraged by the efforts Protagonist has undertaken in this area of iron overload diseases, and specifically by the Phase 2 data that demonstrates rusfertide's therapeutic effect by several different measures, including pharmacodynamic effects, reduction in phlebotomy requirements, stabilization of liver iron content, and possible improvements in quality-of-life measures. Hereditary hemochromatosis is characterized by low levels of hepcidin, with variability of severity in clinical manifestations across different patient sub-populations. Rusfertide has the potential to offer a treatment option for patients in whom phlebotomy may be difficult or contraindicated."

"Rusfertide has the potential to be the first-in-class drug therapy for an HH indication," said Dinesh Patel, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of Protagonist. "After polycythemia vera, this marks a second indication where rusfertide has demonstrated a positive clinical proof-of-concept, thereby signaling a broader potential utility to address unmet needs of patients in these diseases. The study results announced at AASLD will serve as an important foundation for the next steps that we will determine in consultation with key clinical investigators and regulatory agencies. Going forward, our focus will be on proving rusfertide's potential to address unmet medical needs in specific subpopulations of HH."

Study Design and Summary of Results:

• The study was an open-label multicenter Phase 2 study in 16 patients that was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rusfertide as a treatment for patients with HH. The requirement for, and frequency of, therapeutic phlebotomies, a key endpoint of the study, was statistically significant: rusfertide-treated patients had 0.009 phlebotomies per month during the study compared to 0.28 phlebotomies per month pre-study (p<0.0001).
• The average TSAT during treatment with rusfertide was 31.4% compared to 45.0% pre-study (p=0.0051) and the serum iron during treatment with rusfertide was 101 mcg/dl compared to 137 mcg/dl pre-study (p=0.0106). Eighty percent of patients who came into the study with baseline TSAT values above 45% (N=10) achieved average TSAT values that were normalized (<45%) during rusfertide treatment. All the subjects with elevated serum iron above 170 mcg/dl at baseline (N=5) were able to maintain an average serum iron within a normal range of <170 mcg/dl during rusfertide treatment. While ferritin levels varied during treatment with rusfertide, average ferritin levels were below 200 ng/mL in 15 of the 16 patients.
• Patients underwent MRI to measure Liver Iron Content (LIC) at the beginning and end of the study. Rusfertide treatment maintained or reduced average LIC, despite fewer phlebotomies over the duration of the study.
• Patients reported trends of qualitative improvements in Quality of Life measures through the duration of the study.
• Rusfertide was well tolerated in this study population. Adverse events (AEs) were generally of Grade 1 or 2 except for one report of an adenocarcinoma of the pancreas that was pre-existing and therefore considered not related to drug. Treatment-emergent injection site reactions, all of which were mild or moderate and transient in nature, occurred in 50% of patients. Other treatment-emergent AEs reported in two or more patients included headache, diarrhea, dizziness, hypertension, and fatigue all of which were mild or moderate.

About Hereditary Hemochromatosis

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive iron absorption due to a deficiency or dysregulation in hepcidin. The disorder results in the accumulation of excess iron in the body's organs. Approximately one million people in the United States have HFE mutations consistent with type 1 HH; out of these, 10 to 15 percent develop clinical manifestations of the disease. The clinical symptoms of hemochromatosis usually appear after significant iron accumulation—generally after the age of 40. Early signs are nonspecific and can include weakness, lethargy, increased skin pigmentation, hair loss, impotence, joint pains, vertigo, and loss of memory.

In HH types 1-3, mutations in genes encoding hepcidin regulators or hepcidin itself lead to diminished production of hepcidin, thus decreasing the inhibitory effect of hepcidin on duodenal iron absorption and causing clinical iron overload (Brissot 2011). Hepcidin deficiency leads to increased circulating transferrin saturation, and ultimately, iron accumulation in organs such as the liver, pancreas, heart, and bone. Iron in excess may induce or favor the development of complications such as cirrhosis, liver cancer, diabetes, heart failure, hypogonadism, but also, complaints such as asthenia and disabling arthritis.

The goal of treatment in HH patients is to reduce the development of such complications. Per ACG Guidelines, patients with elevated serum ferritin above 200 ng/mL in females and 300 ng/mL in males along with a transferrin saturation (TSAT) at or above 45 percent will require treatment to reduce serum ferritin to the range of 50-100 ng/mL and subsequently decrease TSAT levels to below 45 percent.

There is no approved medicine for treatment of HH, and phlebotomy continues to be the main treatment option. Patients living with clinical manifestations of HH require continued phlebotomies for their entire lives to limit end-organ damage. While therapeutic phlebotomy is effective in removing excess iron and preventing most of the complications associated with excess iron in the body, this treatment does not target the biological mechanisms leading to iron metabolism disturbance. Approximately 25% of patients in maintenance felt that receiving phlebotomies was "inconvenient" or "very inconvenient" (Brissot 2011), and patient compliance with phlebotomies generally declines over time (Hicken et al, 2003).

In hepcidin-deficient mouse models of hemochromatosis, a mini-hepcidin and rusfertide were found to be effective in decreasing iron loading in the liver compared to vehicle treated control mice that were iron overloaded (Ramos 2012, Taranath 2019). These pre-clinical observations along with our clinical findings in the current study suggest that a hepcidin mimetic such as rusfertide may be effective for preventing iron overload in patients with hemochromatosis.

About Protagonist

Protagonist Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical company with multiple peptide-based investigational new chemical entities in different stages of development, all derived from the Company's proprietary technology platform.

Protagonist's pipeline includes rusfertide (PTG-300), an investigational, injectable hepcidin mimetic currently in a Phase 2 proof-of-concept clinical trial for polycythemia vera (PV), a Phase 2 study in PV subjects with high hematocrit levels, and a Phase 2a study for hereditary hemochromatosis. The Company plans to initiate a single, global Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a once weekly, subcutaneously self-administered dose of rusfertide.

The Company is also evaluating an orally delivered, gut-restricted alpha-4-beta-7 integrin specific antagonist peptide (PN-943) currently in a Phase 2 study in adults with moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis (UC). The Company is targeting ulcerative colitis as the initial indication.

The Company has a worldwide license and collaboration agreement with Janssen Biotech, Inc., for the development of oral peptide IL-23 receptor antagonists. Compounds in development include PN-235 and PN-232, both second-generation oral interleukin-23 receptor antagonist candidates. The Phase 1 study of PN-235 is completed, and Janssen is expected to initiate a Phase 2 study in psoriasis in early 2022. The Phase 1 study with PN-232 is in progress, with study completion expected by mid-2022. Additional clinical development in IBD is expected to initiate in 2022. 

Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding our intentions or current expectations concerning, among other things, the Company's clinical development program for rusfertide in HH, and the potential benefits of rusfertide in HH patients. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as "anticipate," "believe," "may," "will," "expect," or the negative or plural of these words or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those anticipated, including, but not limited to, our ability to develop and commercialize our product candidates, our ability to earn milestone payments under our collaboration agreements, the impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on our discovery and development efforts, our ability to use and expand our programs to build a pipeline of product candidates, our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval of our product candidates, our ability to operate in a competitive industry and compete successfully against competitors that have greater resources than we do, and our ability to obtain and adequately protect intellectual property rights for our product candidates.  Additional information concerning these and other risk factors affecting our business can be found in our periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including under the heading "Risk Factors" contained in our most recently filed periodic reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate, may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this press release.  Any forward-looking statements that we make in this press release speak only as of the date of this press release. We assume no obligation to update our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this press release.

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SOURCE Protagonist Therapeutics, Inc.

FAQ

What are the results of the Phase 2a study for rusfertide by Protagonist Therapeutics?

The Phase 2a study showed significant reductions in phlebotomy requirements, improved serum iron levels, and was well tolerated among participants.

What is the significance of rusfertide for hereditary hemochromatosis patients?

Rusfertide has the potential to be the first-in-class therapy for hereditary hemochromatosis, providing an alternative treatment for patients who find phlebotomies inconvenient.

What improvements were noted in the quality of life for patients treated with rusfertide?

Patients reported trends of qualitative improvements in their quality of life during the study.

What are the next steps for Protagonist Therapeutics after the Phase 2a results?

Protagonist plans to consult with clinical investigators and regulatory agencies to determine the future development of rusfertide.

How many patients participated in the Phase 2a study of rusfertide?

The study involved 16 patients.