Matrix Service Company Announces Fiscal 2023 Fourth Quarter and Full Year Results
- Project awards of $463.6 million for the quarter and $1.3 billion for the year
- Backlog increases by 31% to $1.1 billion
- Q4 revenue increases by 10% to $205.9 million
- Loss per fully diluted share of $0.01 in Q4
TULSA, Okla., Sept. 11, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Matrix Service Company (Nasdaq: MTRX) today reported its financial results for the fourth quarter and year ended June 30, 2023.
Key highlights:
- Project awards of
$463.6 million and a book-to-bill ratio of 2.3 for the quarter; full fiscal year awards of$1.3 billion and a book-to-bill ratio of 1.7; highest quarterly project awards in five years - Backlog increased by
31% to$1.1 billion compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023, and by85% since the start of the fiscal year; highest backlog level since June 30, 2019 - Fourth quarter revenue of
$205.9 million , an increase of10% compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023; full fiscal year revenue of$795.0 million - Loss per fully diluted share of
$0.01 in the fourth quarter; adjusted loss per fully diluted share of$0.11 (1) excluding gain on the sale of non-core assets and other non-cash items - Adjusted EBITDA of
$2.3 million (1) for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 compared to$(7.7) million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023
“I am extremely pleased with the progress Matrix made over the last year and excited about the prospects for the company. We ended our fiscal year on a very strong note with backlog of
Earnings Summary
Revenue of
Gross margin was
In the Storage and Terminals Solutions segment, revenue increased to
In the Utility and Power Infrastructure segment, revenue increased to
In the Process and Industrial Facilities segment, revenue increased to
Consolidated SG&A expenses were
Our effective tax rate for the fourth quarter was
For the fourth quarter, we had a net loss of
Backlog
Our backlog of
The table below summarizes our awards, book-to-bill ratios and backlog by segment for our fourth fiscal quarter and full year (in thousands, except for book-to-bill ratios):
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 | Twelve Months Ended June 30, 2023 | Backlog as of June 30, 2023 | |||||||||||
| Segment: | Awards | Book-to-Bill(1) | Awards | Book-to-Bill(1) | |||||||||
| Storage and Terminal Solutions | $ | 41,359 | 0.6 | $ | 354,510 | 1.4 | $ | 270,659 | |||||
| Utility and Power Infrastructure | 360,714 | 9.2 | 526,963 | 3.1 | 459,518 | ||||||||
| Process and Industrial Facilities | 61,522 | 0.6 | 444,148 | 1.2 | 359,921 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 463,595 | 2.3 | $ | 1,325,621 | 1.7 | $ | 1,090,098 | |||||
____________________
(1) Calculated by dividing project awards by revenue recognized.
Financial Position
At June 30, 2023, we had total liquidity of
(1)Non-GAAP Financial Measure
Adjusted loss per share is a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes restructuring costs, goodwill impairment, gain on sale of assets, the accelerated amortization of deferred debt amendment fees associated with the prior credit agreement, and the financial impact of a valuation allowance placed on our deferred tax assets. See the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section included at the end of this release for a reconciliation to earnings (loss) per share.
Conference Call Details
In conjunction with the earnings release, Matrix Service Company will host a conference call / webcast with John R. Hewitt, President and CEO, and Kevin S. Cavanah, Vice President and CFO. The call will take place at 10:30 a.m. (Eastern) / 9:30 a.m. (Central) on Tuesday, September 12, 2023, and will be simultaneously broadcast live over the Internet which can be accessed at our website at matrixservicecompany.com under Investor Relations, Events and Presentations or using this webcast link. Please allow extra time prior to the call to visit the site and download the streaming media software required to listen to the Internet broadcast. The conference call will be recorded and will be available for replay within one hour of completion of the live call and can be accessed following the same link as the live call.
About Matrix Service Company
Matrix Service Company (Nasdaq: MTRX), through its subsidiaries, is a leading North American industrial engineering, construction, and maintenance contractor headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma with offices located throughout the United States and Canada, as well as Sydney, Australia and Seoul, South Korea.
The Company reports its financial results in three key operating segments: Storage and Terminal Solutions, Utility and Power Infrastructure, and Process and Industrial Facilities.
With a focus on sustainability, building strong Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) practices, and living our core values, Matrix ranks among the Top Contractors by Engineering-News Record, was recognized for its Board diversification by 2020 Women on Boards, is an active signatory to CEO Action for Diversity and Inclusion, and is consistently recognized as a Great Place to Work®. To learn more about Matrix Service Company, visit matrixservicecompany.com
This release contains forward-looking statements that are made in reliance upon the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are generally accompanied by words such as “anticipate,” “continues,” “expect,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “believe,” “estimate,” “should” and “will” and words of similar effect that convey future meaning, concerning the Company’s operations, economic performance and management’s best judgment as to what may occur in the future. Future events involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those we currently anticipate. The actual results for the current and future periods and other corporate developments will depend upon a number of economic, competitive and other influences, including the successful implementation of the Company's business improvement plan and the factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” and “Forward Looking Statements” sections and elsewhere in the Company’s reports and filings made from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Many of these risks and uncertainties are beyond the control of the Company, and any one of which, or a combination of which, could materially and adversely affect the results of the Company's operations and its financial condition. We undertake no obligation to update information contained in this release, except as required by law.
For more information, please contact:
Kevin S. Cavanah
Vice President and CFO
T: 918-838-8822
Email:kcavanah@matrixservicecompany.com
Kellie Smythe
Senior Director, Investor Relations
T: 918-359-8267
Email: ksmythe@matrixservicecompany.com
| Matrix Service Company Consolidated Statements of Income (In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | Twelve Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2023 | June 30, 2022 | June 30, 2023 | June 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 205,854 | $ | 200,719 | $ | 795,020 | $ | 707,780 | ||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 191,159 | 199,861 | 764,200 | 708,986 | ||||||||||||
| Gross profit (loss) | 14,695 | 858 | 30,820 | (1,206 | ) | |||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 17,031 | 18,098 | 68,249 | 67,690 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | — | — | 12,316 | 18,312 | ||||||||||||
| Restructuring costs | 261 | 924 | 3,142 | 646 | ||||||||||||
| Operating loss | (2,597 | ) | (18,164 | ) | (52,887 | ) | (87,854 | ) | ||||||||
| Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (468 | ) | (246 | ) | (2,024 | ) | (2,951 | ) | ||||||||
| Interest income | 126 | 21 | 290 | 90 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 2,566 | 31,898 | 1,860 | 32,432 | ||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) | (373 | ) | 13,509 | (52,761 | ) | (58,283 | ) | |||||||||
| Provision (benefit) for federal, state and foreign income taxes | (37 | ) | 53 | (400 | ) | 5,617 | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (336 | ) | $ | 13,456 | $ | (52,361 | ) | $ | (63,900 | ) | |||||
| Basic income (loss) per common share | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | 0.50 | $ | (1.94 | ) | $ | (2.39 | ) | |||||
| Diluted income (loss) per common share | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | 0.50 | $ | (1.94 | ) | $ | (2.39 | ) | |||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 27,047 | 26,791 | 26,988 | 26,733 | ||||||||||||
| Diluted | 27,047 | 26,870 | 26,988 | 26,733 | ||||||||||||
| Matrix Service Company Consolidated Balance Sheets (In thousands) | ||||||
| June 30, 2023 | June 30, 2022 | |||||
| Assets | ||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 54,812 | $ | 52,371 | ||
| Accounts receivable, less allowances (2023 - | 145,764 | 153,879 | ||||
| Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts | 44,888 | 44,752 | ||||
| Inventories | 7,437 | 9,974 | ||||
| Income taxes receivable | 496 | 13,547 | ||||
| Prepaid expenses | 5,741 | 4,024 | ||||
| Other current assets | 3,118 | 8,865 | ||||
| Total current assets | 262,256 | 287,412 | ||||
| Restricted cash | 25,000 | 25,000 | ||||
| Property, plant and equipment - net | 47,545 | 53,869 | ||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 21,799 | 22,067 | ||||
| Goodwill | 29,120 | 42,135 | ||||
| Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization | 3,066 | 4,796 | ||||
| Other assets, non-current | 11,718 | 5,514 | ||||
| Total assets | $ | 400,504 | $ | 440,793 | ||
| Matrix Service Company Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued) (In thousands, except share data) | ||||||||
| June 30, 2023 | June 30, 2022 | |||||||
| Liabilities and stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 76,365 | $ | 74,886 | ||||
| Billings on uncompleted contracts in excess of costs and estimated earnings | 85,436 | 65,106 | ||||||
| Accrued wages and benefits | 13,679 | 21,526 | ||||||
| Accrued insurance | 5,579 | 6,125 | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 4,661 | 5,715 | ||||||
| Other accrued expenses | 1,815 | 4,427 | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | 187,535 | 177,785 | ||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 26 | 26 | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 20,660 | 19,904 | ||||||
| Borrowings under asset-backed credit facility | 10,000 | 15,000 | ||||||
| Other liabilities, non-current | 799 | 372 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | 219,020 | 213,087 | ||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
| Common stock—$.01 par value; 60,000,000 shares authorized; 27,888,217 shares issued as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022; 27,047,318 and 26,790,514 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively | 279 | 279 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 140,810 | 139,854 | ||||||
| Retained earnings | 58,917 | 111,278 | ||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | (8,769 | ) | (8,175 | ) | ||||
| 191,237 | 243,236 | |||||||
| Treasury stock, at cost — 840,899 and 1,097,703 shares as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively | (9,753 | ) | (15,530 | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders' equity | 181,484 | 227,706 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 400,504 | $ | 440,793 | ||||
| Results of Operations (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Storage and Terminal Solutions | Utility and Power Infrastructure | Process and Industrial Facilities | Corporate | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross revenue | $ | 66,953 | $ | 39,075 | $ | 102,844 | $ | — | 208,872 | |||||||||||
| Less: inter-segment revenue | 2,874 | — | 144 | — | 3,018 | |||||||||||||||
| Consolidated revenue | 64,079 | 39,075 | 102,700 | — | 205,854 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 2,067 | 3,770 | 8,397 | 461 | 14,695 | |||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 4,712 | 1,651 | 3,601 | 7,067 | 17,031 | |||||||||||||||
| Restructuring costs | (15 | ) | — | 169 | 107 | 261 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | $ | (2,630 | ) | $ | 2,119 | $ | 4,627 | $ | (6,713 | ) | (2,597 | ) | ||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross revenue | $ | 61,086 | $ | 48,795 | $ | 91,656 | $ | — | $ | 201,537 | ||||||||||
| Less: inter-segment revenue | 818 | — | — | — | 818 | |||||||||||||||
| Consolidated revenue | 60,268 | 48,795 | 91,656 | — | 200,719 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross profit (loss) | 478 | (1,497 | ) | 2,607 | (730 | ) | 858 | |||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 4,434 | 2,662 | 3,754 | 7,248 | 18,098 | |||||||||||||||
| Restructuring costs | 37 | 41 | 28 | 818 | 924 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | $ | (3,993 | ) | $ | (4,200 | ) | $ | (1,175 | ) | $ | (8,796 | ) | $ | (18,164 | ) | |||||
| Twelve Months Ended June 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross revenue | $ | 261,244 | $ | 169,558 | $ | 370,076 | $ | — | $ | 800,878 | ||||||||||
| Less: inter-segment revenue | 5,551 | 54 | 253 | — | 5,858 | |||||||||||||||
| Consolidated revenue | 255,693 | 169,504 | 369,823 | — | 795,020 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross profit (loss) | 10,470 | 10,699 | 10,756 | (1,105 | ) | 30,820 | ||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 20,054 | 7,045 | 14,909 | 26,241 | 68,249 | |||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment and restructuring costs | 969 | 37 | 13,288 | 1,164 | 15,458 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | $ | (10,553 | ) | $ | 3,617 | $ | (17,441 | ) | $ | (28,510 | ) | $ | (52,887 | ) | ||||||
| Twelve Months Ended June 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross revenue | $ | 236,260 | $ | 220,093 | $ | 258,497 | $ | — | $ | 714,850 | ||||||||||
| Less: inter-segment revenue | 3,421 | — | 3,649 | — | 7,070 | |||||||||||||||
| Consolidated revenue | 232,839 | 220,093 | 254,848 | — | 707,780 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross profit (loss) | 262 | (8,586 | ) | 9,270 | (2,152 | ) | (1,206 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 17,284 | 11,771 | 12,506 | 26,129 | 67,690 | |||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment and restructuring costs | 7,330 | 2,746 | 6,867 | 2,015 | 18,958 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | $ | (24,352 | ) | $ | (23,103 | ) | $ | (10,103 | ) | $ | (30,296 | ) | $ | (87,854 | ) | |||||
Backlog
We define backlog as the total dollar amount of revenue that we expect to recognize as a result of performing work that has been awarded to us through a signed contract, limited notice to proceed or other type of assurance that we consider firm. The following arrangements are considered firm:
- fixed-price awards;
- minimum customer commitments on cost plus arrangements; and
- certain time and material arrangements in which the estimated value is firm or can be estimated with a reasonable amount of certainty in both timing and amounts.
For long-term maintenance contracts with no minimum commitments and other established customer agreements, we include only the amounts that we expect to recognize as revenue over the next 12 months. For arrangements in which we have received a limited notice to proceed, we include the entire scope of work in our backlog if we conclude that the likelihood of the full project proceeding as high. For all other arrangements, we calculate backlog as the estimated contract amount less revenue recognized as of the reporting date.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
The following table provides a summary of changes in our backlog for the three months ended June 30, 2023:
| Storage and Terminal Solutions | Utility and Power Infrastructure | Process and Industrial Facilities | Total | |||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
| Backlog as of March 31, 2023 | $ | 293,379 | $ | 137,879 | $ | 401,099 | $ | 832,357 | ||||||||
| Project awards | 41,359 | 360,714 | 61,522 | 463,595 | ||||||||||||
| Revenue recognized | (64,079 | ) | (39,075 | ) | (102,700 | ) | (205,854 | ) | ||||||||
| Backlog as of June 30, 2023 | $ | 270,659 | $ | 459,518 | $ | 359,921 | $ | 1,090,098 | ||||||||
| Book-to-bill ratio(1) | 0.6 | 9.2 | 0.6 | 2.3 | ||||||||||||
____________________
(1) Calculated by dividing project awards by revenue recognized.
Twelve Months Ended June 30, 2023
The following table provides a summary of changes in our backlog for the twelve months ended June 30, 2023:
| Storage and Terminal Solutions | Utility and Power Infrastructure | Process and Industrial Facilities | Total | |||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
| Backlog as of June 30, 2022 | $ | 195,114 | $ | 102,059 | $ | 292,287 | $ | 589,460 | ||||||||
| Project awards | 354,510 | 526,963 | 444,148 | 1,325,621 | ||||||||||||
| Other adjustment(1) | (23,272 | ) | — | (6,691 | ) | (29,963 | ) | |||||||||
| Revenue recognized | (255,693 | ) | (169,504 | ) | (369,823 | ) | (795,020 | ) | ||||||||
| Backlog as of June 30, 2023 | $ | 270,659 | $ | 459,518 | $ | 359,921 | $ | 1,090,098 | ||||||||
| Book-to-bill ratio(2) | 1.4 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||
____________________
(1) Backlog was reduced by
(2) Calculated by dividing project awards by revenue recognized.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In order to more clearly depict our core profitability, the following tables present our operating results after certain adjustments:
| Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted Net Loss(1) (In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | Twelve Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2023 | June 30, 2022 | June 30, 2023 | June 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Net income (loss), as reported | $ | (336 | ) | $ | 13,456 | $ | (52,361 | ) | $ | (63,900 | ) | |||||
| Restructuring costs incurred | 261 | 924 | 3,142 | 646 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | — | — | 12,316 | 18,312 | ||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of assets(2) | (2,905 | ) | (32,392 | ) | (2,905 | ) | (32,392 | ) | ||||||||
| Accelerated amortization of deferred debt amendment fees(3) | — | — | — | 1,518 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax valuation allowance(4) | (752 | ) | (3,926 | ) | 12,595 | 17,943 | ||||||||||
| Tax impact of adjustments and other net tax items | 681 | 8,100 | (3,231 | ) | 4,464 | |||||||||||
| Adjusted net loss | $ | (3,051 | ) | $ | (13,838 | ) | $ | (30,444 | ) | $ | (53,409 | ) | ||||
| Earnings (loss) per fully diluted share, as reported | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | 0.50 | $ | (1.94 | ) | $ | (2.39 | ) | |||||
| Adjusted loss per fully diluted share | $ | (0.11 | ) | $ | (0.52 | ) | $ | (1.13 | ) | $ | (2.00 | ) | ||||
____________________
(1) This table presents non-GAAP financial measures of our adjusted net loss and adjusted loss per fully diluted share for fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021. The most directly comparable financial measures are net income (loss) and earnings (loss) per fully diluted share, respectively, presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income. We have presented these non-GAAP financial measures because we believe they more clearly depict our core operating results during the periods presented and provide a more comparable measure of our operating results to other companies considered to be in similar businesses. Since adjusted net loss and adjusted loss per fully diluted share are not measures of performance calculated in accordance with GAAP, they should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
(2) In fiscal 2023, we booked a
(3) Interest expense in fiscal 2022 included
(4) We placed a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets in the second quarter of fiscal 2022 due to the existence of a cumulative loss over a three-year period. We will continue to place valuation allowances on newly generated deferred tax assets and will realize the benefit associated with the deferred tax assets for which the valuation allowance has been provided to the extent we generate taxable income in the future, or cumulative losses are no longer present and our future projections for growth or tax planning strategies are demonstrated.
| Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA(1) | |||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | Twelve Months Ended | ||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2023 | June 30, 2022 | June 30, 2023 | June 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (336 | ) | $ | 13,456 | $ | (52,361 | ) | $ | (63,900 | ) | ||||
| Goodwill impairment | — | — | 12,316 | 18,312 | |||||||||||
| Gain on sale of assets(2) | (2,905 | ) | (32,392 | ) | (2,905 | ) | (32,392 | ) | |||||||
| Restructuring costs | 261 | 924 | 3,142 | 646 | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 1,637 | 2,054 | 6,791 | 7,877 | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | 468 | 246 | 2,024 | 2,951 | |||||||||||
| Provision (benefit) for federal, state and foreign income taxes | (37 | ) | 53 | (400 | ) | 5,617 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 3,195 | 3,697 | 13,694 | 15,254 | |||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 2,283 | $ | (11,962 | ) | $ | (17,699 | ) | $ | (45,635 | ) | ||||
____________________
(1) This table presents Adjusted EBITDA, which we define as net loss before goodwill impairments, gain on sale of assets, restructuring costs, stock-based compensation, interest expense, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization, because it is used by the financial community as a method of measuring our performance and of evaluating the market value of companies considered to be in similar businesses. We believe that the line item on our Consolidated Statements of Income entitled “Net income (loss)” is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted EBITDA. Since Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of performance calculated in accordance with GAAP, it should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, net earnings as an indicator of operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA, as we calculate it, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies. In addition, this measure is not a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs. As Adjusted EBITDA excludes certain financial information compared with net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, users of this financial information should consider the type of events and transactions that are excluded. Our non-GAAP performance measure, Adjusted EBITDA, has certain material limitations as follows:
- It does not include impairments to goodwill. While impairments to intangible assets are non-cash expenses in the period recognized, cash or other consideration was still transferred in exchange for the intangible assets in the period of the acquisition. Any measure that excludes impairments to intangible assets has material limitations since these expenses represent the loss of an asset that was acquired in exchange for cash or other assets.
- It does not include gain on sale of assets. While the sale occurred outside the normal course of business and similar sales are not expected to be recurring or sustainable, any measure that excludes this gain has inherent limitations since the sale resulted in a material inflow of cash.
- It does not include restructuring costs. Restructuring costs represent material costs that we incurred and are oftentimes cash expenses. Therefore, any measure that excludes restructuring costs has material limitations.
- It does not include stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation represents material amounts of equity that are awarded to our employees and directors for services rendered. While the expense is non-cash, we release vested shares out of our treasury stock, which has historically been replenished by using cash to periodically repurchase our stock. Therefore, any measure that excludes stock-based compensation has material limitations.
- It does not include interest expense. Because we have borrowed money to finance our operations and to acquire businesses, pay commitment fees to maintain our senior secured revolving credit facility, and incur fees to issue letters of credit under the senior secured revolving credit facility, interest expense is a necessary and ongoing part of our costs and has assisted us in generating revenue. Therefore, any measure that excludes interest expense has material limitations.
- It does not include income taxes. Because the payment of income taxes is a necessary and ongoing part of our operations, any measure that excludes income taxes has material limitations.
- It does not include depreciation or amortization expense. Because we use capital and intangible assets to generate revenue, depreciation and amortization expense is a necessary element of our cost structure. Therefore, any measure that excludes depreciation or amortization expense has material limitations.
(2) In fiscal 2023, we booked a
