Robinhood Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Results
Robinhood (HOOD) reported record-breaking Q4 2024 results with total net revenues up 115% year-over-year to $1.01 billion. Net income increased over 10X to $916 million, with diluted EPS of $1.01. Transaction-based revenues surged 200% to $672 million, driven by cryptocurrency revenue of $358 million (up 700%) and options revenue of $222 million (up 83%).
The company achieved significant growth metrics with Assets Under Custody increasing 88% to $193 billion, record Net Deposits of $16.1 billion, and Gold Subscribers up 86% to 2.6 million. For full-year 2024, total net revenues increased 58% to $2.95 billion with net income of $1.41 billion.
Key developments include planned acquisitions of Bitstamp and TradePMR, expansion into Asia-Pacific, and the launch of new trading features. The company repurchased $257 million in shares during 2024 and provided a 2025 outlook for Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC between $2.0-2.1 billion.
Robinhood (HOOD) ha riportato risultati record per il Q4 2024, con ricavi netti totali aumentati del 115% anno su anno, raggiungendo $1,01 miliardi. Il reddito netto è aumentato di oltre 10 volte, arrivando a $916 milioni, con un EPS diluito di $1,01. I ricavi basati sulle transazioni sono aumentati del 200%, raggiungendo i $672 milioni, trainati dai ricavi delle criptovalute di $358 milioni (in aumento del 700%) e dai ricavi delle opzioni di $222 milioni (in aumento dell'83%).
L'azienda ha registrato metriche di crescita significative, con gli Attivi in Custodia aumentati dell'88% a $193 miliardi, Depositi Netti record di $16,1 miliardi e Abbonati Gold aumentati dell'86% a 2,6 milioni. Per l'intero anno 2024, i ricavi netti totali sono aumentati del 58% a $2,95 miliardi, con un reddito netto di $1,41 miliardi.
Tra gli sviluppi chiave ci sono le acquisizioni pianificate di Bitstamp e TradePMR, l'espansione nell'Asia-Pacifico e il lancio di nuove funzionalità di trading. L'azienda ha riacquistato azioni per un valore di $257 milioni nel 2024 e ha fornito un outlook per il 2025 per le spese operative rettificate e SBC tra $2,0-2,1 miliardi.
Robinhood (HOOD) reportó resultados récord para el Q4 2024, con ingresos netos totales que aumentaron un 115% interanual, alcanzando los $1.01 mil millones. El ingreso neto se incrementó más de 10 veces, alcanzando los $916 millones, con un EPS diluido de $1.01. Los ingresos por transacciones se dispararon un 200% hasta $672 millones, impulsados por los ingresos de criptomonedas de $358 millones (un aumento del 700%) y los ingresos por opciones de $222 millones (un aumento del 83%).
La compañía logró métricas de crecimiento significativas, con Activos Bajo Custodia aumentando un 88% hasta $193 mil millones, Depósitos Netos récord de $16.1 mil millones, y suscriptores Gold aumentando un 86% hasta 2.6 millones. Para el año completo 2024, los ingresos netos totales aumentaron un 58% hasta $2.95 mil millones, con un ingreso neto de $1.41 mil millones.
Los desarrollos clave incluyen adquisiciones planificadas de Bitstamp y TradePMR, expansión en Asia-Pacífico y el lanzamiento de nuevas características de trading. La empresa recompró $257 millones en acciones durante 2024 y proporcionó una perspectiva para 2025 para los Gastos Operativos Ajustados y SBC entre $2.0-2.1 mil millones.
로빈후드 (HOOD)는 2024년 4분기 기록적인 결과를 보고했으며, 총 순수익은 전년 대비 115% 증가하여 10억 1천만 달러에 달했습니다. 순이익은 10배 이상 증가하여 9억 1천6백만 달러에 이르렀으며, 희석 주당순이익(EPS)은 1.01달러입니다. 거래 기반 수익은 200% 증가하여 6억 7천2백만 달러에 이르렀으며, 이는 3억 5천8백만 달러의 암호화폐 수익(700% 증가)과 2억 2천2백만 달러의 옵션 수익(83% 증가)에 의해 주도되었습니다.
회사는 보관 자산이 88% 증가하여 1천9백3십억 달러에 도달하고, 순입금이 161억 달러로 기록을 세우며, 골드 구독자가 86% 증가하여 260만 명에 이르는 등 중요한 성장 지표를 달성했습니다. 2024년 전체 연도 동안 총 순수익은 58% 증가하여 29억 5천만 달러에 달하며, 순이익은 14억 1천만 달러입니다.
주요 개발 사항으로는 비트스탬프 및 트레이드PMR의 인수 계획, 아시아-태평양 지역으로의 확장, 새로운 거래 기능의 출시가 포함됩니다. 회사는 2024년 동안 2억 5천7백만 달러의 자사주를 매입했으며, 2025년 조정 운영 비용 및 SBC에 대한 전망은 20억 - 21억 달러로 제시했습니다.
Robinhood (HOOD) a annoncé des résultats record pour le 4ème trimestre 2024, avec des revenus nets totaux en hausse de 115% par rapport à l'année précédente, atteignant 1,01 milliard de dollars. Le revenu net a augmenté de plus de 10 fois pour atteindre 916 millions de dollars, avec un BPA dilué de 1,01 dollar. Les revenus basés sur les transactions ont bondi de 200% pour atteindre 672 millions de dollars, soutenus par des revenus de cryptomonnaies de 358 millions de dollars (en hausse de 700%) et des revenus d'options de 222 millions de dollars (en hausse de 83%).
L'entreprise a réalisé des indicateurs de croissance significatifs, avec des actifs sous gestion augmentant de 88% pour atteindre 193 milliards de dollars, des dépôts nets records de 16,1 milliards de dollars, et un nombre d'abonnés Gold en hausse de 86% à 2,6 millions. Pour l'année entière 2024, les revenus nets totaux ont augmenté de 58% pour atteindre 2,95 milliards de dollars, avec un revenu net de 1,41 milliard de dollars.
Les développements clés incluent des acquisitions prévues de Bitstamp et TradePMR, une expansion en Asie-Pacifique, et le lancement de nouvelles fonctionnalités de trading. L'entreprise a racheté pour 257 millions de dollars d'actions en 2024 et a fourni une prévision pour 2025 concernant les dépenses d'exploitation ajustées et le SBC entre 2,0 et 2,1 milliards de dollars.
Robinhood (HOOD) hat für das 4. Quartal 2024 rekordverdächtige Ergebnisse gemeldet, mit einem Anstieg der gesamten Nettoumsätze um 115% im Vergleich zum Vorjahr auf 1,01 Milliarden Dollar. Der Nettogewinn stieg um mehr als das 10-fache auf 916 Millionen Dollar, mit einem verwässerten EPS von 1,01 Dollar. Die transaktionsbasierten Einnahmen stiegen um 200% auf 672 Millionen Dollar, angetrieben von Einnahmen aus Kryptowährungen in Höhe von 358 Millionen Dollar (ein Anstieg von 700%) und Einnahmen aus Optionen in Höhe von 222 Millionen Dollar (ein Anstieg von 83%).
Das Unternehmen erzielte bedeutende Wachstumskennzahlen, wobei die verwalteten Vermögenswerte um 88% auf 193 Milliarden Dollar stiegen, die Nettodepote auf Rekordhöhe von 16,1 Milliarden Dollar und die Gold-Abonnenten um 86% auf 2,6 Millionen stiegen. Für das Gesamtjahr 2024 stiegen die gesamten Nettoumsätze um 58% auf 2,95 Milliarden Dollar, bei einem Nettogewinn von 1,41 Milliarden Dollar.
Wichtige Entwicklungen umfassen geplante Übernahmen von Bitstamp und TradePMR, die Expansion in den asiatisch-pazifischen Raum und die Einführung neuer Handelsfunktionen. Das Unternehmen hat im Jahr 2024 Aktien im Wert von 257 Millionen Dollar zurückgekauft und eine Prognose für 2025 für die bereinigten Betriebskosten und SBC zwischen 2,0 und 2,1 Milliarden Dollar abgegeben.
- Record Q4 revenue of $1.01 billion, up 115% YoY
- Q4 net income increased 10X to $916 million (EPS $1.01)
- Cryptocurrency revenue up 700% to $358 million
- Assets Under Custody up 88% to $193 billion
- Gold Subscribers increased 86% to 2.6 million
- Record Net Deposits of $16.1 billion in Q4
- Average Revenue Per User up 102% to $164
- Operating expenses increased 3% YoY to $458 million
- Cash and cash equivalents decreased to $4.3 billion from $4.8 billion YoY
Insights
Robinhood's Q4 2024 results reveal a company firing on all cylinders, with several noteworthy developments that warrant careful analysis. The headline $1.01 billion revenue represents more than just impressive growth - it demonstrates successful diversification and monetization strategies.
The revenue composition tells an important story: Crypto trading revenue of $358 million (up over 700%) shows Robinhood's ability to capitalize on market volatility, though this also presents a sustainability question given crypto's cyclical nature. The options revenue of $222 million (up 83%) indicates growing traction among sophisticated traders, a important demographic for long-term profitability.
Two strategic moves deserve particular attention: The pending Bitstamp acquisition positions Robinhood for institutional crypto trading, while TradePMR's acquisition ($40 billion in assets under administration) marks a calculated entry into the advisory space. These moves suggest a deliberate strategy to reduce reliance on retail trading revenue.
The operating metrics reveal strong fundamentals: 42% annualized Net Deposit growth and 102% increase in ARPU to $164 demonstrate improving monetization of the user base. The Gold subscriber growth to 2.6 million (86% YoY) is particularly significant as it represents high-margin, recurring revenue.
However, investors should note that the $916 million net income includes a substantial $369 million deferred tax benefit, meaning the underlying operational profit, while still impressive, is lower. The 2025 expense outlook of $2.0-2.1 billion for Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC suggests continued investment in growth initiatives, which could pressure margins in the near term.
Q4 Revenues up
Q4 Net Deposits grow to a record
Q4 Gold Subscribers up
Q4 Net Income up over 10X year-over-year to a record
Q4 Adjusted EBITDA up over
MENLO PARK, Calif., Feb. 12, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Robinhood Markets, Inc. (“Robinhood”) (NASDAQ: HOOD) today announced financial results for the fourth quarter and full year of 2024, which ended December 31, 2024.
“We hit the gas on product development in 2024 with a new platform for active traders, Gold Card launch, an expanded UK and EU product suite, and much more,” said Vlad Tenev, CEO and Co-Founder of Robinhood. “We see a huge opportunity ahead of us as we work toward enabling anyone, anywhere, to buy, sell, or hold any financial asset and conduct any financial transaction through Robinhood.”
“Q4 was a record-breaking quarter that caps off a record-setting year in 2024,” said Jason Warnick, Chief Financial Officer of Robinhood. “For both the quarter and full year, we reached new highs for Assets Under Custody, Net Deposits, Gold Subscribers, Revenues, Net Income, Adjusted EBITDA, and EPS. We’re entering 2025 with strong momentum as we remain focused on delivering another year of profitable growth."
Fourth Quarter Results:
- Total net revenues increased
115% year-over-year to$1.01 billion .- Transaction-based revenues increased over
200% year-over-year to$672 million , primarily driven by cryptocurrencies revenue of$358 million , up over700% , options revenue of$222 million , up83% , and equities revenue of$61 million , up144% . - Net interest revenues increased
25% year-over-year to$296 million , primarily driven by growth in interest-earning assets, partially offset by a lower federal funds rate. - Other revenues increased
31% year-over-year to$46 million , primarily due to increased Gold subscription revenues.
- Transaction-based revenues increased over
- Net income increased over 10X year-over-year to
$916 million , or diluted earnings per share (EPS) of$1.01 , compared to$30 million , or diluted EPS of$0.03 , in Q4 2023. Q4 2024 net income included:- a
$369 million deferred tax benefit ($0.41 of diluted EPS), primarily from the release of the Company's valuation allowance on most of its net deferred tax assets. - a
$55 million benefit ($0.06 of diluted EPS) due to a reversal of an accrual as part of a regulatory settlement.
- a
- Total operating expenses increased
3% year-over-year to$458 million , including a$55 million benefit due to a reversal of an accrual as part of a regulatory settlement.- Adjusted Operating Expenses and Share-Based Compensation (SBC) (non-GAAP) increased
14% year-over-year to$508 million , which includes Adjusted Operating Expenses (non-GAAP) of$431 million and SBC of$77 million .
- Adjusted Operating Expenses and Share-Based Compensation (SBC) (non-GAAP) increased
- Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) increased over
300% year-over-year to$613 million . - Funded Customers increased
8% year-over-year to 25.2 million.- Investment Accounts increased by
10% year-over-year to 26.2 million.
- Investment Accounts increased by
- Assets Under Custody (AUC) increased
88% year-over-year to$193 billion , driven by continued Net Deposits and higher equity and cryptocurrency valuations. - Net Deposits were
$16.1 billion , an annualized growth rate of42% relative to AUC at the end of Q3 2024. Over the past twelve months, Net Deposits were$50.5 billion , a growth rate of49% relative to AUC at the end of Q4 2023. - Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) increased by
102% year-over-year to$164. - Gold Subscribers increased by 1.2 million, or
86% , year-over-year to 2.6 million. - Cash and cash equivalents totaled
$4.3 billion compared with$4.8 billion at the end of Q4 2023. - Share repurchases were
$160 million , representing 5.3 million shares of our Class A common stock at an average price per share of$29.79 .
Full Year Results:
- Total net revenues increased
58% year-over-year to$2.95 billion . - Net income increased
$1.95 billion year-over-year to$1.41 billion , or diluted EPS of$1.56 , compared to a net loss of$0.54 billion , or diluted EPS of -$0.61 , in 2023.- 2024 included a deferred tax benefit of
$369 million , primarily from the release of the Company's valuation allowance on most of its net deferred tax assets. - 2023 included an expense of
$485 million from the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation.
- 2024 included a deferred tax benefit of
- Total operating expenses decreased
21% year-over-year to$1.90 billion .- Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC decreased
16% year-over-year to$1.94 billion , which includes Adjusted Operating Expenses of$1.63 billion and SBC of$304 million . - Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC excluding the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation (non-GAAP) increased
7% year-over-year.
- Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC decreased
- Adjusted EBITDA increased
167% year-over-year to$1.43 billion , compared to$536 million in 2023. - Share repurchases were
$257 million , representing 10.4 million shares of our Class A common stock at an average price per share of$24.78 as we make progress on our$1 billion share repurchase program.
Highlights
Strong product momentum drove record growth in 2024 as Robinhood delivers on roadmap
- Expanding Access to Crypto Across the U.S. and EU - Crypto notional volumes increased over 400 percent year-over-year, reaching
$71 billion in Q4 2024. Since the start of Q4, Robinhood has also added seven crypto assets in the U.S. and launched Ethereum (ETH) staking in the EU. In June 2024, Robinhood entered into an agreement to acquire Bitstamp, the world's longest running cryptocurrency exchange serving institutional and retail customers internationally. The acquisition is subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals, and is expected to close in the first half of 2025.
- Establishing Ourselves as the #1 Platform for Active Traders - Last month, Robinhood made index options available to all customers and started to roll out futures trading directly in-app, allowing customers to trade stock indexes, energy, currency, metals and crypto. Additionally, since launching in October 2024, Robinhood Legend - the desktop trading platform built for active traders - has added nearly 30 additional indicators and rolled out crypto trading.
- Robinhood Expands Global Ambitions - Robinhood announced plans to expand into the Asia-Pacific region in 2025, with Singapore serving as its local headquarters. Earlier this week, Robinhood also started to offer options trading to its UK customers.
- Robinhood Gold Membership Continues to Climb - Robinhood Gold subscribers hit 2.6 million, with an adoption rate of over 10 percent in Q4. In addition, the Robinhood Gold Credit Card reached over 100 thousand cardholders and we have plans to continue expanding the cardholder base in 2025.
- Stepping Into the Investment Advisory Space - In November 2024, Robinhood entered into an agreement to acquire TradePMR, a custodial and portfolio management platform for Registered Investment Advisors with over 25 years in the industry and over
$40 billion in assets under administration at the time of signing. The acquisition is subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals, and is expected to close in the first half of 2025.
Additional Q4 2024 Operating Data
- Retirement AUC increased over
600% year-over-year to$13.1 billion . - Cash Sweep increased
59% year-over-year to$26.1 billion . - Margin Book increased
126% year-over-year to$7.9 billion . - Equity Notional Trading Volumes increased
154% year-over-year to$423 billion . - Options Contracts Traded increased
61% year-over-year to 477 million. - Crypto Notional Trading Volumes increased over
400% year-over-year to$71.0 billion .
Conference Call and Livestream Information
Robinhood will host a video call to discuss its results at 2 p.m. PT / 5 p.m. ET today, February 12, 2025. The video call can be accessed at investors.robinhood.com, along with the earnings press release and accompanying slide presentation. The event will also be live streamed to YouTube and X.com via Robinhood's official channels, @RobinhoodApp.
Following the call, a replay and transcript will also be available at investors.robinhood.com.
Financial Outlook
The paragraph below provides information on our 2025 expense plan and outlook. We are not providing a 2025 outlook for total operating expenses and have not reconciled our 2025 outlook for Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, total operating expenses, because we are unable to predict with reasonable certainty the impact of certain items without unreasonable effort. These items include, but are not limited to, provisions for credit losses and significant regulatory expenses which may be material and could have a significant impact on total operating expenses for 2025.
Our 2025 expense plan includes growth investments in new products, features, and international expansion while also getting more efficient in our existing businesses. Our outlook for combined Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC for full-year 2025 is
Actual results might differ materially from our outlook due to several factors, including the rate of growth in Funded Customers and our effectiveness to cross-sell products which affects variable marketing costs, the degree to which we are successful in managing credit losses and preventing fraud, and our ability to manage web-hosting expenses efficiently, among other factors. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information on Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC, including significant items that we believe are not indicative of our ongoing expenses that would be adjusted out of total operating expenses (GAAP) to get to Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC (non-GAAP) should they occur.
About Robinhood
Robinhood Markets, Inc. (NASDAQ: HOOD) transformed financial services by introducing commission-free stock trading and democratizing access to the markets for millions of investors. Today, Robinhood lets you trade stocks, options, futures (which includes options on futures, swaps, and event contracts), and crypto, invest for retirement, and earn with Robinhood Gold. Headquartered in Menlo Park, California, Robinhood puts customers in the driver's seat, delivering unprecedented value and products intentionally designed for a new generation of investors. Additional information about Robinhood can be found at www.robinhood.com.
Robinhood uses the “Overview” tab of its Investor Relations website (accessible at investors.robinhood.com/overview) and its Newsroom (accessible at newsroom.aboutrobinhood.com), as means of disclosing information to the public in a broad, non-exclusionary manner for purposes of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's (“SEC”) Regulation Fair Disclosure (Reg. FD). Investors should routinely monitor those web pages, in addition to Robinhood’s press releases, SEC filings, and public conference calls and webcasts, as information posted on them could be deemed to be material information.
“Robinhood” and the Robinhood feather logo are registered trademarks of Robinhood Markets, Inc. All other names are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
Contacts
Investors:
ir@robinhood.com
Press:
press@robinhood.com
| ROBINHOOD MARKETS, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) | |||||||
| December 31, | |||||||
| (in millions, except share and per share data) | 2023 | 2024 | |||||
| Assets | |||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 4,835 | $ | 4,332 | |||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and securities segregated under federal and other regulations | 4,448 | 4,724 | |||||
| Receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations | 89 | 471 | |||||
| Receivables from users, net | 3,495 | 8,239 | |||||
| Securities borrowed | 1,602 | 3,236 | |||||
| Deposits with clearing organizations | 338 | 489 | |||||
| User-held fractional shares | 1,592 | 2,530 | |||||
| Held-to-maturity investments | 413 | 398 | |||||
| Prepaid expenses | 63 | 75 | |||||
| Deferred customer match incentives | 11 | 100 | |||||
| Other current assets | 196 | 509 | |||||
| Total current assets | 17,082 | 25,103 | |||||
| Property, software, and equipment, net | 120 | 139 | |||||
| Goodwill | 175 | 179 | |||||
| Intangible assets, net | 48 | 38 | |||||
| Non-current held-to-maturity investments | 73 | — | |||||
| Non-current deferred customer match incentives | 19 | 195 | |||||
| Other non-current assets, including non-current prepaid expenses of | 107 | 533 | |||||
| Total assets | $ | 17,624 | $ | 26,187 | |||
| Liabilities and stockholders’ equity | |||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 384 | $ | 397 | |||
| Payables to users | 5,097 | 7,448 | |||||
| Securities loaned | 3,547 | 7,463 | |||||
| Fractional shares repurchase obligation | 1,592 | 2,530 | |||||
| Other current liabilities | 217 | 266 | |||||
| Total current liabilities | 10,837 | 18,104 | |||||
| Other non-current liabilities | 91 | 111 | |||||
| Total liabilities | 10,928 | 18,215 | |||||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||
| Preferred stock, | — | — | |||||
| Class A common stock, | — | — | |||||
| Class B common stock, | — | — | |||||
| Class C common stock, | — | — | |||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 12,145 | 12,008 | |||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (3 | ) | (1 | ) | |||
| Accumulated deficit | (5,446 | ) | (4,035 | ) | |||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 6,696 | 7,972 | |||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 17,624 | $ | 26,187 | |||
| ROBINHOOD MARKETS, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||
| (in millions, except share, per share, and percentage data) | Three Months Ended December 31, | YOY% Change | Three Months Ended September 30, | QOQ% Change | ||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||
| Transaction-based revenues | $ | 200 | $ | 672 | 236 | % | $ | 319 | 111 | % | ||||||
| Net interest revenues | 236 | 296 | 25 | % | 274 | 8 | % | |||||||||
| Other revenues | 35 | 46 | 31 | % | 44 | 5 | % | |||||||||
| Total net revenues | 471 | 1,014 | 115 | % | 637 | 59 | % | |||||||||
| Operating expenses(1)(2): | ||||||||||||||||
| Brokerage and transaction | 32 | 50 | 56 | % | 39 | 28 | % | |||||||||
| Technology and development | 197 | 208 | 6 | % | 205 | 1 | % | |||||||||
| Operations | 26 | 29 | 12 | % | 27 | 7 | % | |||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | 14 | 19 | 36 | % | 23 | (17)% | ||||||||||
| Marketing | 43 | 82 | 91 | % | 59 | 39 | % | |||||||||
| General and administrative | 133 | 70 | (47)% | 133 | (47)% | |||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 445 | 458 | 3 | % | 486 | (6)% | ||||||||||
| Other income, net | 3 | 2 | (33)% | 2 | — | % | ||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 29 | 558 | NM | 153 | 265 | % | ||||||||||
| Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | (1 | ) | (358 | ) | NM | 3 | NM | |||||||||
| Net income | $ | 30 | $ | 916 | NM | $ | 150 | 511 | % | |||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 30 | $ | 916 | $ | 150 | ||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 30 | $ | 916 | $ | 150 | ||||||||||
| Net income per share attributable to common stockholders: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.03 | $ | 1.04 | $ | 0.17 | ||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.03 | $ | 1.01 | $ | 0.17 | ||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares used to compute net income per share attributable to common stockholders: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 867,298,537 | 883,884,676 | 884,108,545 | |||||||||||||
| Diluted | 883,227,967 | 907,767,796 | 905,544,750 | |||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | YOY% Change | ||||||||||
| (in millions, except share, per share, and percentage data) | 2023 | 2024 | |||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||
| Transaction-based revenues | $ | 785 | $ | 1,647 | 110 | % | |||||
| Net interest revenues | 929 | 1,109 | 19 | % | |||||||
| Other revenues | 151 | 195 | 29 | % | |||||||
| Total net revenues | 1,865 | 2,951 | 58 | % | |||||||
| Operating expenses(1)(2): | |||||||||||
| Brokerage and transaction | 146 | 164 | 12 | % | |||||||
| Technology and development | 805 | 818 | 2 | % | |||||||
| Operations | 116 | 112 | (3)% | ||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | 43 | 76 | 77 | % | |||||||
| Marketing | 122 | 272 | 123 | % | |||||||
| General and administrative | 1,169 | 455 | (61)% | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 2,401 | 1,897 | (21)% | ||||||||
| Other income, net | 3 | 10 | 233 | % | |||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | (533 | ) | 1,064 | NM | |||||||
| Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | 8 | (347 | ) | NM | |||||||
| Net income (loss) | (541 | ) | 1,411 | NM | |||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders: | |||||||||||
| Basic | $ | (541 | ) | $ | 1,411 | ||||||
| Diluted | $ | (541 | ) | $ | 1,411 | ||||||
| Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders: | |||||||||||
| Basic | $ | (0.61 | ) | $ | 1.60 | ||||||
| Diluted | $ | (0.61 | ) | $ | 1.56 | ||||||
| Weighted-average shares used to compute net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders: | |||||||||||
| Basic | 890,857,659 | 881,113,156 | |||||||||
| Diluted | 890,857,659 | 906,171,504 | |||||||||
________________
(1) The following table presents operating expenses as a percent of total net revenues:
Three Months Ended December 31, | Three Months Ended September 30, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Brokerage and transaction | 7 | % | 5 | % | 6 | % | 8 | % | 5 | % | ||||
| Technology and development | 42 | % | 20 | % | 32 | % | 43 | % | 28 | % | ||||
| Operations | 6 | % | 3 | % | 4 | % | 6 | % | 4 | % | ||||
| Provision for credit losses | 2 | % | 2 | % | 4 | % | 3 | % | 3 | % | ||||
| Marketing | 9 | % | 8 | % | 9 | % | 7 | % | 9 | % | ||||
| General and administrative | 28 | % | 7 | % | 21 | % | 63 | % | 15 | % | ||||
| Total operating expenses | 94 | % | 45 | % | 76 | % | 130 | % | 64 | % | ||||
(2) The following table presents the SBC on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended December 31, | Three Months Ended September 30, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2023 | 2024 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Brokerage and transaction | $ | 1 | $ | 2 | $ | 2 | $ | 7 | 9 | ||||||
| Technology and development | 50 | 48 | 48 | 211 | 192 | ||||||||||
| Operations | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 7 | ||||||||||
| Marketing | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 8 | ||||||||||
| General and administrative | 26 | 23 | 25 | 640 | 88 | ||||||||||
| Total SBC | $ | 81 | $ | 77 | $ | — | $ | 79 | $ | 871 | $ | 304 | |||
| ROBINHOOD MARKETS, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | |||||||||||
| Operating activities: | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 30 | $ | 916 | $ | (541 | ) | $ | 1,411 | ||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | |||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 17 | 22 | 71 | 77 | |||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | 4 | — | 5 | 2 | |||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | 14 | 19 | 43 | 76 | |||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | — | (369 | ) | — | (369 | ) | |||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 81 | 77 | 871 | 304 | |||||||||||
| Other | 1 | — | 3 | (2 | ) | ||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||
| Securities segregated under federal and other regulations | — | (397 | ) | — | (397 | ) | |||||||||
| Receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations | (26 | ) | (332 | ) | (13 | ) | (382 | ) | |||||||
| Receivables from users, net | 204 | (2,621 | ) | (298 | ) | (4,592 | ) | ||||||||
| Securities borrowed | (398 | ) | 468 | (1,085 | ) | (1,634 | ) | ||||||||
| Deposits with clearing organizations | (63 | ) | (25 | ) | (152 | ) | (151 | ) | |||||||
| Current and non-current prepaid expenses | 11 | 16 | 37 | (25 | ) | ||||||||||
| Current and non-current deferred customer match incentives | (20 | ) | (63 | ) | (30 | ) | (265 | ) | |||||||
| Other current and non-current assets | (19 | ) | (404 | ) | (18 | ) | (415 | ) | |||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (11 | ) | (63 | ) | 134 | (35 | ) | ||||||||
| Payables to users | 772 | 1,184 | 396 | 2,351 | |||||||||||
| Securities loaned | 302 | 157 | 1,713 | 3,916 | |||||||||||
| Other current and non-current liabilities | 61 | 15 | 45 | (27 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 960 | (1,400 | ) | 1,181 | (157 | ) | |||||||||
| Investing activities: | |||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property, software, and equipment | (1 | ) | (4 | ) | (2 | ) | (13 | ) | |||||||
| Capitalization of internally developed software | (5 | ) | (11 | ) | (19 | ) | (37 | ) | |||||||
| Business acquisition, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired | (3 | ) | — | (93 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||||||
| Asset acquisition, net of cash acquired | — | — | — | (3 | ) | ||||||||||
| Purchases of held-to-maturity investments | (108 | ) | (87 | ) | (759 | ) | (556 | ) | |||||||
| Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity investments | 115 | 219 | 282 | 658 | |||||||||||
| Purchases of credit card receivables by Credit Card Funding Trust | — | (509 | ) | — | (748 | ) | |||||||||
| Collections of purchased credit card receivables | — | 426 | — | 556 | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale investments | — | — | 10 | — | |||||||||||
| Other | (1 | ) | — | (1 | ) | 1 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (3 | ) | 34 | (582 | ) | (148 | ) | ||||||||
| Financing activities: | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options, net of repurchases | 3 | 8 | 5 | 18 | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock under the Employee Share Purchase Plan | 5 | 6 | 14 | 16 | |||||||||||
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | (3 | ) | (89 | ) | (12 | ) | (244 | ) | |||||||
| Repurchase of Class A common stock | — | (160 | ) | (608 | ) | (257 | ) | ||||||||
| Draws on credit facilities | — | 10 | 20 | 22 | |||||||||||
| Repayments on credit facilities | — | (10 | ) | (20 | ) | (22 | ) | ||||||||
| Borrowings by the Credit Card Funding Trust | — | 37 | — | 132 | |||||||||||
| Repayments on borrowings by the Credit Card Funding Trust | — | — | — | (1 | ) | ||||||||||
| Change in principal collected from customers due to Coastal Bank | 4 | 21 | 1 | 6 | |||||||||||
| Payments of debt issuance costs | — | (1 | ) | (10 | ) | (15 | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 9 | (178 | ) | (610 | ) | (345 | ) | ||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | — | (2 | ) | — | (1 | ) | |||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, segregated cash, and restricted cash | 966 | (1,546 | ) | (11 | ) | (651 | ) | ||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, segregated cash, and restricted cash, beginning of the period | 8,380 | 10,241 | 9,357 | 9,346 | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, segregated cash, and restricted cash, end of the period | $ | 9,346 | $ | 8,695 | $ | 9,346 | $ | 8,695 | |||||||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, segregated cash and restricted cash, end of the period: | |||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period | $ | 4,835 | $ | 4,332 | $ | 4,835 | $ | 4,332 | |||||||
| Segregated cash and cash equivalents, end of the period | 4,448 | 4,327 | 4,448 | 4,327 | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash in other current assets, end of the period | 46 | 18 | 46 | 18 | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash in other non-current assets, end of the period | 17 | 18 | 17 | 18 | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, segregated cash and restricted cash, end of the period | $ | 9,346 | $ | 8,695 | $ | 9,346 | $ | 8,695 | |||||||
| Supplemental disclosures: | |||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | 4 | $ | 4 | $ | 12 | $ | 16 | |||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes, net of refund received | $ | — | $ | 4 | $ | 9 | $ | 18 | |||||||
| Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Results (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended December 31, | Three Months Ended September 30, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2023 | 2024 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 30 | $ | 916 | $ | 150 | $ | (541 | ) | $ | 1,411 | |||||||||
| Net margin | 6 | % | 90 | % | 24 | % | (29)% | 48 | % | |||||||||||
| Add: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expenses related to credit facilities | 6 | 6 | 6 | 23 | 24 | |||||||||||||||
| Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | (1 | ) | (358 | ) | 3 | 8 | (347 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 17 | 22 | 20 | 71 | 77 | |||||||||||||||
| EBITDA (non-GAAP) | 52 | 586 | 179 | (439 | ) | 1,165 | ||||||||||||||
| Add: SBC | ||||||||||||||||||||
| SBC Excluding 2021 Founders Award Cancellation | 81 | 77 | 79 | 386 | 304 | |||||||||||||||
| 2021 Founders Award Cancellation | — | — | — | 485 | — | |||||||||||||||
| Significant legal and tax settlements and reserves(1) | — | (50 | ) | 10 | 104 | (40 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) | $ | 133 | $ | 613 | $ | 268 | $ | 536 | $ | 1,429 | ||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin (non-GAAP) | 28 | % | 60 | % | 42 | % | 29 | % | 48 | % | ||||||||||
| Three Months Ended December 31, | Three Months Ended September 30, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2023 | 2024 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | |||||||||||
| Total operating expenses (GAAP) | $ | 445 | $ | 458 | $ | 486 | $ | 2,401 | $ | 1,897 | ||||||
| Less: SBC | ||||||||||||||||
| SBC Excluding 2021 Founders Award Cancellation | 81 | 77 | 79 | 386 | 304 | |||||||||||
| 2021 Founders Award Cancellation | — | — | — | 485 | — | |||||||||||
| Significant legal and tax settlements and reserves(1) | — | (50 | ) | 10 | 104 | (40 | ) | |||||||||
| Adjusted Operating Expenses (Non-GAAP) | $ | 364 | $ | 431 | $ | 397 | $ | 1,426 | $ | 1,633 | ||||||
| Three Months Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses (GAAP) | $ | 445 | $ | 458 | $ | 2,401 | $ | 1,897 | |||||
| Less: SBC | |||||||||||||
| SBC Excluding 2021 Founders Award Cancellation | 81 | 77 | 386 | 304 | |||||||||
| 2021 Founders Award Cancellation | — | — | 485 | — | |||||||||
| Significant legal and tax settlements and reserves(1) | — | (50 | ) | 104 | (40 | ) | |||||||
| Adjusted Operating Expenses (Non-GAAP) | 364 | 431 | 1,426 | 1,633 | |||||||||
| Add: SBC | |||||||||||||
| SBC Excluding 2021 Founders Award Cancellation | 81 | 77 | 386 | 304 | |||||||||
| 2021 Founders Award Cancellation | — | — | 485 | — | |||||||||
| Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC (Non-GAAP) | 445 | 508 | 2,297 | 1,937 | |||||||||
| Less: 2021 Founders Award Cancellation | — | — | 485 | — | |||||||||
| Adjusted Operating Expense and SBC excluding the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation (Non-GAAP) | $ | 445 | $ | 508 | $ | 1,812 | $ | 1,937 | |||||
________________
(1) Amounts for the three months and year ended December 31, 2024 included a
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements regarding the expected financial performance of Robinhood Markets, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“we,” “Robinhood,” or the “Company”) and our strategic and operational plans, including (among others) statements regarding that we see a huge opportunity ahead of us as we work toward enabling anyone, anywhere, to buy, sell, or hold any financial asset and conduct any financial transaction through Robinhood; that we're entering 2025 with strong momentum as we remain focused on delivering another year of profitable growth; that we plan to expand into the Asia-Pacific region in 2025, with Singapore serving as our local headquarters; that we plan to continue expanding the cardholder base for the Robinhood Gold Credit Card in 2025; that the acquisitions of Bitstamp and TradePMR are each expected to close in the first half of 2025; and all statements and information under the headings “Financial Outlook”. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “believe,” “may,” “will” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” or “continue,” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans, or intentions. Our forward-looking statements are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors that may cause our actual future results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from any future results expressed or implied in this press release. Reported results should not be considered an indication of future performance. Factors that contribute to the uncertain nature of our forward-looking statements include, among others: our rapid and continuing expansion, including continuing to introduce new products and services on our platforms as well as geographic expansion; the difficulty of managing our business effectively, including the size of our workforce, and the risk of declining or negative growth; the fluctuations in our financial results and key metrics from quarter to quarter; our reliance on transaction-based revenue, including payment for order flow (“PFOF”), the risk of new regulation or bans on PFOF and similar practices, and the addition of our new fee-based model for cryptocurrency; our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and rapidly changing interest rate environments; the difficulty of raising additional capital (to provide liquidity needs and support business growth and objectives) on reasonable terms, if at all; the need to maintain capital levels required by regulators and self-regulatory organizations; the risk that we might mishandle the cash, securities, and cryptocurrencies we hold on behalf of customers, and our exposure to liability for processing, operational, or technical errors in clearing functions; the impact of negative publicity on our brand and reputation; the risk that changes in business, economic, or political conditions that impact the global financial markets, or a systemic market event, might harm our business; our dependence on key employees and a skilled workforce; the difficulty of complying with an extensive, complex, and changing regulatory environment and the need to adjust our business model in response to new or modified laws and regulations; the possibility of adverse developments in pending litigation and regulatory investigations; the effects of competition; our need to innovate and acquire or invest in new products, services, technologies, and geographies in order to attract and retain customers and deepen their engagement with us in order to maintain growth; our reliance on third parties to perform some key functions and the risk that processing, operational or technological failures could impair the availability or stability of our platforms; the risk of cybersecurity incidents, theft, data breaches, and other online attacks; the difficulty of processing customer data in compliance with privacy laws; our need as a regulated financial services company to develop and maintain effective compliance and risk management infrastructures; the risks associated with incorporating artificial intelligence technologies into some of our products and processes; the volatility of cryptocurrency prices and trading volumes; the risk that our platforms and services could be exploited to facilitate illegal payments; and the risk that substantial future sales of Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that they may occur, could cause the price of our stock to fall. Because some of these risks and uncertainties cannot be predicted or quantified and some are beyond our control, you should not rely on our forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. More information about potential risks and uncertainties that could affect our business and financial results can be found in Part II, Item 1A of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, as well as in our other filings with the SEC, all of which are available on the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment; new risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks nor identify all uncertainties. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements might not be achieved and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Except as otherwise noted, all forward-looking statements in this press release are made as of the date of this press release, February 12, 2025, and are based on information and estimates available to us at this time. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, performance, or achievements. Except as required by law, Robinhood assumes no obligation to update any of the statements in this press release whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances, or otherwise. You should read this press release with the understanding that our actual future results, performance, events, and circumstances might be materially different from what we expect. All fourth quarter and full year 2024 financial information in this press release is preliminary, based on our estimates and subject to completion of our financial closing procedures. Final results for the full year, which will be reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, may vary from the information in this press release. In particular, until our financial statements are issued in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, we may be required to recognize certain subsequent events (such as in connection with contingencies or the realization of assets) which could affect our final results.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We collect and analyze operating and financial data to evaluate the health of our business, allocate our resources and assess our performance. In addition to total net revenues, net income (loss), and other results under GAAP, we utilize non-GAAP calculations of adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”), Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted Operating Expenses, Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC, Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC excluding the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation, and SBC excluding the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation. This non-GAAP financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, financial information presented in accordance with GAAP, and may be different from similarly titled non-GAAP measures used by other companies. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP are provided in the financial tables included in this press release.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss), excluding (i) interest expenses related to credit facilities, (ii) provision for (benefit from) income taxes, (iii) depreciation and amortization, (iv) SBC, (v) significant legal and tax settlements and reserves, and (vi) other significant gains, losses, and expenses (such as impairments, restructuring charges, and business acquisition- or disposition-related expenses) that we believe are not indicative of our ongoing results.
The above items are excluded from our Adjusted EBITDA measure because these items are non-cash in nature, or because the amount and timing of these items are unpredictable, are not driven by core results of operations, and render comparisons with prior periods and competitors less meaningful. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations, as well as providing a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our business performance. Moreover, Adjusted EBITDA is a key measurement used by our management internally to make operating decisions, including those related to operating expenses, evaluate performance, and perform strategic planning and annual budgeting.
Adjusted EBITDA Margin
Adjusted EBITDA Margin is calculated as Adjusted EBITDA divided by total net revenues. The most directly comparable GAAP measure is net margin (calculated as net income (loss) divided by total net revenues). We believe Adjusted EBITDA Margin provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations, as well as providing a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our business performance. Adjusted EBITDA Margin is used by our management internally to make operating decisions, including those related to operating expenses, evaluate performance, and perform strategic planning and annual budgeting.
Adjusted Operating Expenses
Adjusted Operating Expenses is defined as GAAP total operating expenses minus (i) SBC, (ii) significant legal and tax settlements and reserves, and (iii) other significant expenses (such as impairments, restructuring charges, and business acquisition- or disposition-related expenses) that we believe are not indicative of our ongoing expenses. The amount and timing of the excluded items are unpredictable, are not driven by core results of operations, and render comparisons with prior periods less meaningful. We believe Adjusted Operating Expenses provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations, as well as providing a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our cost structure. Adjusted Operating Expenses is used by our management internally to make operating decisions, including those related to operating expenses, evaluate performance, and perform strategic planning and annual budgeting. Starting in Q1 2025, Adjusted Operating Expenses will no longer include provision for credit losses.
Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC
Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC is defined as GAAP total operating expenses minus (i) significant legal and tax settlements and reserves and (ii) other significant expenses (such as impairments, restructuring charges, and business acquisition- or disposition-related expenses), that we believe are not indicative of our ongoing expenses. The amount and timing of the excluded items are unpredictable, are not driven by core results of operations, and render comparisons with prior periods less meaningful. Unlike Adjusted Operating Expenses, Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC does not adjust for SBC. We believe Adjusted Operating Expense and SBC provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations, as well as providing a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our cost structure. Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC is used by our management internally to make operating decisions, including those related to operating expenses, evaluate performance, and perform strategic planning and annual budgeting.
Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC excluding the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation
Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC excluding the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation is defined as GAAP total operating expenses minus (i) significant legal and tax settlements and reserves, (ii) other significant expenses (such as impairments, restructuring charges, and business acquisition- or disposition-related expenses), and (iii) the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation, that we believe are not indicative of our ongoing expenses. The amount and timing of the excluded items are unpredictable, are not driven by core results of operations, and render comparisons with prior periods less meaningful. We believe Adjusted Operating Expense and SBC excluding the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations, as well as providing a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our cost structure. Adjusted Operating Expenses and SBC excluding the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation is used by our management internally to make operating decisions, including those related to operating expenses, evaluate performance, and perform strategic planning and annual budgeting.
SBC excluding the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation
We define SBC excluding the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation as GAAP SBC minus the impact of the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation, which we do not believe is indicative of our ongoing expenses. The amount and timing of the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation are not driven by core results of operations and renders comparisons with prior periods less meaningful. We believe SBC excluding the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations, as well as providing a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our cost structure. SBC excluding the Founders Award Cancellation is used by our management internally to make operating decisions, including those related to operating expenses, evaluate performance, and perform strategic planning and annual budgeting.
Key Performance Metrics
In addition to the measures presented in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we use the following key performance metrics to help us evaluate our business, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.
Funded Customers
We define a Funded Customer as a unique person who has at least one account with a Robinhood entity and, within the past 45 calendar days (a) had an account balance that was greater than zero (excluding amounts that are deposited into a Funded Customer account by the Company with no action taken by the unique person) or (b) completed a transaction using any such account. Individuals who share a funded joint investing account (which launched in July 2024) are each considered to be a Funded Customer.
Assets Under Custody (“AUC”)
We define AUC as the sum of the fair value of all equities, options, cryptocurrency, futures (including options on futures, swaps, and event contracts), and cash held by users in their accounts, net of receivables from users, as of a stated date or period end on a trade date basis. Net Deposits and net market gains (losses) drive the change in AUC in any given period.
Net Deposits
We define Net Deposits as all cash deposits and asset transfers from customers, as well as dividends, interest, and cash or assets earned in connection with Company promotions (such as account transfer and retirement match incentives and free stock bonuses) received by customers, net of reversals, customer cash withdrawals, margin interest, Gold subscription fees, and assets transferred off of our platforms for a stated period. Prior to the second quarter of 2024, Net Deposits did not include inflows from cash or assets earned in connection with Company promotions and prior to January 2024, Net Deposits did not include inflows from dividends and interest or outflows from Robinhood Gold subscription fees and margin interest, although we have not restated amounts in prior periods as the impact to those figures was immaterial.
Average Revenue Per User (“ARPU”)
We define ARPU as total revenue for a given period divided by the average number of Funded Customers on the last day of that period and the last day of the immediately preceding period. Figures in this press release represent ARPU annualized for each three-month period presented.
Gold Subscribers
We define a Gold Subscriber as a unique person who has at least one account with a Robinhood entity and who, as of the end of the relevant period (a) is subscribed to Robinhood Gold and (b) has made at least one Robinhood Gold subscription fee payment.
Additional Operating Metrics
Retirement AUC
We define Retirement AUC as the total AUC in traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs.
Cash Sweep
We define Cash Sweep as the period-end total amount of participating users’ uninvested brokerage cash that has been automatically “swept” or moved from their brokerage accounts into deposits for their benefit at a network of program banks. This is an off-balance-sheet amount. Robinhood earns a net interest spread on Cash Sweep balances based on the interest rate offered by the banks less the interest rate given to users as stated in our program terms.
Margin Book
We define Margin Book as our period-end aggregate outstanding margin loan balances receivable (i.e., the period-end total amount we are owed by customers on loans made for the purchase of securities, supported by a pledge of assets in their margin-enabled brokerage accounts).
Notional Trading Volume
We define Notional Trading Volume or Notional Volume for any specified asset class as the aggregate dollar value (purchase price or sale price as applicable) of trades executed in that asset class over a specified period of time.
Options Contracts Traded
We define Options Contracts Traded as the total number of options contracts bought or sold over a specified period of time. Each contract generally entitles the holder to trade 100 shares of the underlying stock.
Glossary Terms
2021 Founders Award Cancellation
We define the 2021 Founders Award Cancellation as the cancellation in February 2023 of the 2021 pre-IPO market-based restricted stock units granted to our founders of 35.5 million unvested shares.
Investment Accounts
We define an Investment Account as a funded individual brokerage account, a funded joint investing account, or a funded individual retirement account ("IRA"). As of December 31, 2024, a Funded Customer can have up to four Investment Accounts - individual brokerage account, joint investing account (which launched in July 2024), traditional IRA, and Roth IRA.
Gold Adoption Rate
We define the Gold adoption rate as end of period Gold Subscribers divided by end of period Funded Customers.
Growth Rate and Annualized Growth Rate with respect to Net Deposits
Growth rate is calculated as aggregate Net Deposits over a specified 12 month period, divided by AUC for the fiscal quarter that immediately precedes such 12 month period. Annualized growth rate is calculated as Net Deposits for a specified quarter multiplied by 4 and divided by AUC for the immediately preceding quarter.
FAQ
What were Robinhood's (HOOD) Q4 2024 revenue and earnings?
How much did HOOD's cryptocurrency revenue grow in Q4 2024?
What was Robinhood's Assets Under Custody (AUC) in Q4 2024?
How many Gold subscribers did HOOD have in Q4 2024?
What acquisitions is Robinhood (HOOD) planning in 2025?
