Global Net Lease Reports Third Quarter 2021 Results
Global Net Lease (GNL) reported a robust financial performance for Q3 2021. Revenue surged 15.8% to $95.8 million compared to $82.7 million in Q3 2020. The company achieved a net income of $2.4 million, an improvement from a loss of $0.5 million in the previous year. Net operating income increased 18.4% to $89.0 million. Core FFO rose 27.4% to $44.1 million. GNL maintained a high lease rate at 99.1% and collected nearly 100% of its original cash rents, emphasizing strong portfolio performance.
- Revenue increased 15.8% to $95.8 million.
- Net income improved to $2.4 million from a loss of $0.5 million.
- NOI grew 18.4% to $89.0 million.
- Core FFO rose 27.4% to $44.1 million.
- AFFO increased by $3.4 million to $44.3 million.
- 99.1% of the portfolio is leased with an 8.2-year lease term.
- Nearly 100% of original cash rents collected.
- AFFO per share decreased to $0.44 from $0.46.
NEW YORK, Nov. 4, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Global Net Lease, Inc. (NYSE: GNL) ("GNL" or the "Company"), a real estate investment trust that focuses on acquiring and managing a globally diversified portfolio of strategically-located commercial real estate properties, announced today its financial and operating results for the quarter ended September 30, 2021.
Third Quarter 2021 and Subsequent Events Highlights
- Revenue increased
15.8% to$95.8 million from$82.7 million in third quarter 2020 - Net income was
$2.4 million as compared to net loss of$0.5 million in third quarter 2020 - Net operating income ("NOI") grew
18.4% to$89.0 million from$75.2 million in third quarter 2020 - Core Funds from Operations ("Core FFO") grew
27.4% to$44.1 million compared to$34.6 million in third quarter 2020 - Adjusted Funds from Operations ("AFFO") increased by
$3.4 million to$44.3 million versus$40.9 million in the prior year quarter - AFFO per share was
$0.44 - Distributed
$40.3 million , or$0.40 per share, in dividends to common shareholders - Collected nearly
100% of third quarter original cash rents, including nearly100% from top 20 tenants, as of October 31, 20211, 2 - Portfolio
99.1% leased with 8.2 years of weighted average remaining lease term3 - Lease extensions and expansions completed and under non-binding letter of intent for related leases that will cover 1.5 million square feet and will extend weighted-average remaining lease term to 8.7 years from 4.1 years for
4.0% of the portfolio if the non-binding letters of intent lead to definitive agreements, which is not assured 4 - Industrial and Distribution asset concentration expanded to
52% - Contractual rent increases embedded in
94.0% of leases - Closed on over
$380 million of properties in 2021, including our acquisition of Walmart and Pilot Point Steel properties completed in the fourth quarter - Acquisitions pipeline of
$125 .0 million5, consisting of completed acquisitions of Walmart and Pilot Point Steel properties and pending acquisitions, at a going-in capitalization rate6 of6.5% and with 14.1 years of weighted-average remaining lease term7
"GNL has continued to grow throughout this year, and each of the last six consecutive years" said James Nelson, CEO. "We have met or exceeded pre-pandemic performance levels across the company, including rent collection, Cash NOI and Adjusted EBITDA figures. More importantly, GNL's reputation as a premiere partner for strategic sale-leaseback transactions among US and European companies has grown during the same time, most recently evidenced by our acquisition of Trafalgar Square in Guernsey. Our reputation helped secure the transaction and our experience helped us secure an early lease extension with one of the major tenants that we believe created an opportunity to unlock millions of dollars of value. We expect to build on our out-performance through the end of this year and into 2022."
Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
(In thousands, except per share data) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||
Revenue from tenants | $ | 95,758 | $ | 82,711 | ||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | 2,374 | $ | (502) | ||||
Net income (loss) per diluted common share | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.01) | ||||
NAREIT defined FFO attributable to common stockholders | $ | 44,043 | $ | 34,547 | ||||
NAREIT defined FFO per diluted common share | $ | 0.43 | $ | 0.39 | ||||
Core FFO attributable to common stockholders | $ | 44,097 | $ | 34,622 | ||||
Core FFO per diluted common share | $ | 0.43 | $ | 0.39 | ||||
AFFO attributable to common stockholders | $ | 44,257 | $ | 40,876 | ||||
AFFO per diluted common share | $ | 0.44 | $ | 0.46 | ||||
Property Portfolio
The Company's portfolio of 312 net lease properties is located in 12 countries and territories and comprised of 38.3 million rentable square feet leased to 134 tenants across 48 industries at September 30, 2021. The real estate portfolio metrics include:
99.1% leased with a remaining weighted-average lease term of 8.2 years94.0% of the portfolio contains contractual rent increases based on square footage55.4% of portfolio annualized straight-line rent derived from investment grade and implied investment grade rated tenants860% U.S. and Canada,40% Europe (based on annualized straight-line rent)43% Office,52% Industrial / Distribution and5% Retail (based on an annualized straight-line rent)
Rent Collection
For the third quarter of 2021, the Company had collected nearly
Capital Structure and Liquidity Resources9
As of September 30, 2021, the Company had
As of September 30, 2021, the percentage of debt that is fixed rate (including variable rate debt fixed with swaps) increased to
As of September 30, 2021, Liquidity was
Footnotes/Definitions
1 | Includes amounts collected under original lease agreements and amended leases, including deferral arrangements entered into previous periods. We calculate "original cash rent collections" by comparing original cash rent due under our lease agreements to the total amount of rent collected during the period, which includes both original cash rent due and payments of amounts deferred from prior periods. Eliminating the impact of deferred rent paid, we collected approximately |
2 | The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our future results of operations and liquidity will depend on the overall length and severity of the pandemic, which management is unable to predict. |
3 | Weighted-average remaining lease term in years is based on square feet as of September 30, 2021. |
4 | Represents total square feet covered by and total amount due for leases that were (or, for LOIs, expected to be) expanded or extended giving effect to such extension or expansion. All information as of October 31, 2021. |
5 | Represents the contract purchase price and excludes acquisition costs which are capitalized per GAAP. Includes two acquisitions that closed in October 2021 with a contract purchase price of |
6 | Going-in capitalization rate is a rate of return on a real estate investment property based on the expected, cash rental income that the property will generate under its existing lease during the first year of the lease. Going-in capitalization rate is calculated by dividing the cash rental income the property will generate during the first year of the lease (before debt service and depreciation and after fixed costs and variable costs) and the purchase price of the property. The weighted average going-in capitalization rate is based upon square feet of the date of acquisition. |
7 | The weighted average remaining lease term in years is based upon square feet as of the date of acquisition. |
8 | As used herein, "Investment Grade Rating" includes both actual investment grade ratings of the tenant or guarantor, if available, or implied investment grade. Implied Investment Grade may include actual ratings of tenant parent, guarantor parent (regardless of whether or not the parent has guaranteed the tenant's obligation under the lease) or by using a proprietary Moody's analytical tool, which generates an implied rating by measuring a company's probability of default. The term "parent" for these purposes includes any entity, including any governmental entity, owning more than |
9 | During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company sold 3,441,853 shares through its common stock "at-the-market" program for gross proceeds of |
10 | Comprised of the principal amount of GNL's outstanding debt totaling |
11 | The interest coverage ratio is calculated by dividing adjusted EBITDA for the applicable quarter by cash paid for interest (calculated based on the interest expense less non-cash portion of interest expense and amortization of mortgage (discount) premium, net). Management believes that Interest Coverage Ratio is a useful supplemental measure of our ability to service our debt obligations. Adjusted EBITDA includes termination fee income of |
12 | Liquidity includes |
Conference Call
GNL will host a conference call on November 4, 2021 at 1:00 p.m. ET to discuss its financial and operating results.
Dial-in instructions for the conference call and the replay are outlined below. This conference call will also be broadcast live over the Internet and can be accessed by all interested parties through the GNL website, www.globalnetlease.com, in the "Investor Relations" section.
To listen to the live call, please go to GNL's "Investor Relations" section of the website at least 15 minutes prior to the start of the call to register and download any necessary audio software. For those who are not able to listen to the live broadcast, a replay will be available shortly after the call on the GNL website at www.globalnetlease.com.
Conference Call Details
Live Call
Dial-In (Toll Free): 1-877-407-0792
International Dial-In: 1-201-689-8263
Conference Replay*
Domestic Dial-In (Toll Free): 1-844-512-2921
International Dial-In: 1-412-317-6671
Conference Number: 13724123
*Available from 4:00 p.m. ET on November 4, 2021 through February 4, 2022.
Supplemental Schedules
The Company will file supplemental information packages with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") to provide additional disclosure and financial information. Once posted, the supplemental package can be found under the "Presentations" tab in the Investor Relations section of GNL's website at www.globalnetlease.com and on the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
About Global Net Lease, Inc.
Global Net Lease, Inc. (NYSE: GNL) is a publicly traded real estate investment trust listed on the NYSE focused on acquiring a diversified global portfolio of commercial properties, with an emphasis on sale-leaseback transactions involving single tenant, mission critical income producing net-leased assets across the United States, Western and Northern Europe. Additional information about GNL can be found on its website at www.globalnetlease.com.
Important Notice
The statements in this press release that are not historical facts may be forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or events to be materially different. The words "anticipates," "believes," "expects," "estimates," "projects," "plans," "intends," "may," "will," "would" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of the Company's control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include the potential adverse effects of the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, including actions taken to contain or treat COVID-19, on the Company, the Company's tenants and the global economy and financial markets and that any potential future acquisition is subject to market conditions and capital availability and may not be identified or completed on favorable terms, or at all, as well as those risk and uncertainties set forth in the Risk Factors section of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed on February 26, 2021 and all other filings with the SEC after that date, as such risks, uncertainties and other important factors may be updated from time to time in the Company's subsequent reports. Further, forward looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results, unless required to do so by law.
Accounting Treatment of Rent Deferrals
All of the concessions granted to the Company's tenants as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic are rent deferrals with the original lease term unchanged and collection of deferred rent deemed probable. The Company's revenue recognition policy requires that it must be probable that the Company will collect virtually all of the lease payments due and does not provide for partial reserves, or the ability to assume partial recovery. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the FASB and SEC agreed that for leases where the total lease cash flows will remain substantially the same or less than those after the COVID-19 related effects, companies may choose to forgo the evaluation of the enforceable rights and obligations of the original lease contract as a practical expedient and account for rent concessions as if they were part of the enforceable rights and obligations of the parties under the existing lease contract. As a result, rental revenue used to calculate Net Income and NAREIT FFO has not, and the Company does not expect it to be, significantly impacted by deferrals it has entered into. In addition, since the Company currently believes that these deferral amounts are collectable, it has excluded from the increase in straight-line rent for AFFO purposes the amounts recognized under GAAP relating to rent deferrals.
Contacts:
Investors and Media:
Email: investorrelations@globalnetlease.com
Phone: (212) 415-6510
Global Net Lease, Inc. | ||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheets | ||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | |||||||
ASSETS | (Unaudited) | |||||||
Real estate investments, at cost: | ||||||||
Land | $ | 503,145 | $ | 476,599 | ||||
Buildings, fixtures and improvements | 3,343,308 | 3,124,884 | ||||||
Construction in progress | 6,076 | 5,486 | ||||||
Acquired intangible lease assets | 731,002 | 711,985 | ||||||
Total real estate investments, at cost | 4,583,531 | 4,318,954 | ||||||
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | (782,025) | (675,200) | ||||||
Total real estate investments, net | 3,801,506 | 3,643,754 | ||||||
Assets held for sale | 10,433 | — | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 176,393 | 124,245 | ||||||
Restricted cash | 2,666 | 1,448 | ||||||
Derivative assets, at fair value | 2,648 | 525 | ||||||
Unbilled straight-line rent | 66,526 | 61,007 | ||||||
Operating lease right-of-use asset | 54,241 | 58,395 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 58,092 | 43,929 | ||||||
Due from related parties | 181 | 377 | ||||||
Deferred tax assets | 2,320 | 2,367 | ||||||
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net | 22,336 | 23,089 | ||||||
Deferred financing costs, net | 5,712 | 7,878 | ||||||
Total Assets | $ | 4,203,054 | $ | 3,967,014 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | ||||||||
Mortgage notes payable, net | $ | 1,484,890 | $ | 1,363,698 | ||||
Revolving credit facility | 118,676 | 111,132 | ||||||
Term loan, net | 284,342 | 300,154 | ||||||
Senior notes, net | 491,386 | 490,345 | ||||||
Acquired intangible lease liabilities, net | 30,714 | 32,970 | ||||||
Derivative liabilities, at fair value | 8,729 | 19,984 | ||||||
Due to related parties | — | 2,002 | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 36,503 | 28,310 | ||||||
Operating lease liability | 23,436 | 25,350 | ||||||
Prepaid rent | 39,225 | 21,481 | ||||||
Deferred tax liability | 11,357 | 12,157 | ||||||
Dividends payable | 5,394 | 5,152 | ||||||
Total Liabilities | 2,534,652 | 2,412,735 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies | — | — | ||||||
Stockholders' Equity: | ||||||||
68 | 68 | |||||||
45 | 39 | |||||||
Common stock | 2,369 | 2,227 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 2,674,710 | 2,418,659 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 10,527 | 8,073 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit | (1,022,986) | (896,547) | ||||||
Total Stockholders' Equity | 1,664,733 | 1,532,519 | ||||||
Non-controlling interest | 3,669 | 21,760 | ||||||
Total Equity | 1,668,402 | 1,554,279 | ||||||
Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | 4,203,054 | $ | 3,967,014 | ||||
Global Net Lease, Inc. | ||||||||
Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) | ||||||||
(In thousands, except share and per share data) | ||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
2021 | 2020 | |||||||
Revenue from tenants | $ | 95,758 | $ | 82,711 | ||||
Expenses: | ||||||||
Property operating | 6,747 | 7,525 | ||||||
Operating fees to related parties | 9,880 | 8,939 | ||||||
Impairment charges | 1,199 | — | ||||||
Acquisition, transaction and other costs | 54 | 75 | ||||||
General and administrative | 3,911 | 2,641 | ||||||
Equity-based compensation | 2,721 | 2,479 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 41,665 | 35,049 | ||||||
Total expenses | 66,177 | 56,708 | ||||||
Operating income before loss on dispositions of real estate investments | 29,581 | 26,003 | ||||||
Gain on dispositions of real estate investments | 1,195 | — | ||||||
Operating income | 30,776 | 26,003 | ||||||
Other income (expense): | ||||||||
Interest expense | (24,858) | (18,677) | ||||||
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments | 3,560 | (2,464) | ||||||
Other (loss) income | (158) | 142 | ||||||
Total other expense, net | (21,456) | (20,999) | ||||||
Net income before income taxes | 9,320 | 5,004 | ||||||
Income tax expense | (1,930) | (862) | ||||||
Net income | 7,390 | 4,142 | ||||||
Preferred stock dividends | (5,016) | (4,644) | ||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | 2,374 | $ | (502) | ||||
Basic and Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share: | ||||||||
Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders — Basic and Diluted | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.01) | ||||
Weighted average shares outstanding — Basic and Diluted | 101,478 | 89,483 | ||||||
Global Net Lease, Inc. | ||||||||
Quarterly Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures (Unaudited) | ||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
2021 | 2020 | |||||||
Adjusted EBITDA | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 7,390 | $ | 4,142 | ||||
Depreciation and amortization | 41,665 | 35,049 | ||||||
Interest expense | 24,858 | 18,677 | ||||||
Income tax expense | 1,930 | 862 | ||||||
Impairment charges | 1,199 | — | ||||||
Equity-based compensation | 2,721 | 2,479 | ||||||
Acquisition and transaction related | 54 | 75 | ||||||
Gain on dispositions of real estate investments | (1,195) | — | ||||||
(Gain) loss on derivative instruments | (3,560) | 2,464 | ||||||
Other expense (income) | 158 | (142) | ||||||
Adjusted EBITDA [1] | 75,220 | 63,606 | ||||||
Net operating income (NOI) [1] | ||||||||
Operating fees to related parties | 9,880 | 8,939 | ||||||
General and administrative | 3,911 | 2,641 | ||||||
NOI [1] | 89,011 | 75,186 | ||||||
Amortization related to above- and below- market lease intangibles and right-of-use assets, net | 81 | 198 | ||||||
Straight-line rent | (1,658) | (1,879) | ||||||
Cash NOI [1] | $ | 87,434 | $ | 73,505 | ||||
Cash Paid for Interest: | ||||||||
Interest Expense | $ | 24,858 | $ | 18,677 | ||||
Non-cash portion of interest expense | (2,590) | (2,075) | ||||||
Amortization of mortgage discounts | (263) | — | ||||||
Total cash paid for interest | $ | 22,005 | $ | 16,602 | ||||
[1] | For the three months ended September 30, 2021 includes income from a lease termination fee of |
Global Net Lease, Inc. | ||||||||
Quarterly Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures (Unaudited) | ||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
2021 | 2020 | |||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders (in accordance with GAAP) | $ | 2,374 | $ | (502) | ||||
Impairment charges | 1,199 | — | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 41,665 | 35,049 | ||||||
Gain on dispositions of real estate investments | (1,195) | — | ||||||
FFO (defined by NAREIT) [1] | 44,043 | 34,547 | ||||||
Acquisition, transaction and other costs | 54 | 75 | ||||||
Core FFO attributable to common stockholders [1] | 44,097 | 34,622 | ||||||
Non-cash equity-based compensation | 2,721 | 2,479 | ||||||
Non-cash portion of interest expense | 2,590 | 2,075 | ||||||
Amortization related to above- and below-market lease intangibles and right-of-use assets, net | 81 | 198 | ||||||
Straight-line rent | (1,658) | (1,879) | ||||||
Straight-line rent (rent deferral agreements) [2] | (246) | 320 | ||||||
Eliminate unrealized (gains) losses on foreign currency transactions [3] | (3,591) | 3,061 | ||||||
Amortization of mortgage discounts | 263 | — | ||||||
Adjusted funds from operations (AFFO) attributable to common stockholders [1] | $ | 44,257 | $ | 40,876 | ||||
Footnotes: | |
[1] | FFO, Core FFO and AFFO for the three months ended September 30, 2021 includes income from a lease termination fee of |
[2] | Represents amounts related to deferred rent pursuant to lease negotiations which qualify for FASB relief for which rent was deferred but not reduced. These amounts are included in the straight-line rent receivable on our balance sheet but are considered to be earned revenue attributed to the current period for rent that was deferred, for purposes of AFFO, as they are expected to be collected. Accordingly, when the deferred amounts are collected, the amounts reduce AFFO. |
[3] | For AFFO purposes, we add back unrealized (gain) loss. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, gains on derivative instruments were |
Caution on Use of Non-GAAP Measures
Funds from Operations ("FFO"), Core Funds from Operations ("Core FFO"), Adjusted Funds from Operations ("AFFO"), Adjusted Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA"), and Net Operating Income ("NOI") should not be construed to be more relevant or accurate than the current GAAP methodology in calculating net income or in its applicability in evaluating our operating performance. The method utilized to evaluate the value and performance of real estate under GAAP should be construed as a more relevant measure of operational performance and considered more prominently than the non-GAAP measures.
Other REITs may not define FFO in accordance with the current National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("NAREIT") definition (as we do), or may interpret the current NAREIT definition differently than we do, or may calculate Core FFO or AFFO differently than we do. Consequently, our presentation of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO may not be comparable to other similarly-titled measures presented by other REITs.
We consider FFO, Core FFO and AFFO useful indicators of our performance. Because FFO, Core FFO and AFFO calculations exclude such factors as depreciation and amortization of real estate assets and gain or loss from sales of operating real estate assets (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar conditions based on historical cost accounting and useful-life estimates), FFO, Core FFO and AFFO presentations facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between other REITs.
As a result, we believe that the use of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO, together with the required GAAP presentations, provide a more complete understanding of our operating performance including relative to our peers and a more informed and appropriate basis on which to make decisions involving operating, financing, and investing activities. However, FFO, Core FFO and AFFO are not indicative of cash available to fund ongoing cash needs, including the ability to make cash distributions. Investors are cautioned that FFO, Core FFO and AFFO should only be used to assess the sustainability of our operating performance excluding these activities, as they exclude certain costs that have a negative effect on our operating performance during the periods in which these costs are incurred. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures are calculated to reflect the proportionate share of adjustments for non-controlling interest to arrive at FFO, Core FFO and AFFO, as applicable.
Funds from Operations, Core Funds from Operations and Adjusted Funds from Operations
Funds from Operations
Due to certain unique operating characteristics of real estate companies, as discussed below, NAREIT, an industry trade group, has promulgated a measure known as FFO, which we believe to be an appropriate supplemental measure to reflect the operating performance of a REIT. FFO is not equivalent to net income or loss as determined under GAAP.
We calculate FFO, a non-GAAP measure, consistent with the standards established over time by the Board of Governors of NAREIT, as restated in a White Paper approved by the Board of Governors of NAREIT effective in December 2018 (the "White Paper"). The White Paper defines FFO as net income or loss computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding depreciation and amortization related to real estate, gain and loss from the sale of certain real estate assets, gain and loss from change in control and impairment write-downs of certain real estate assets and investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the entity. Our FFO calculation complies with NAREIT's definition.
The historical accounting convention used for real estate assets requires straight-line depreciation of buildings and improvements, and straight-line amortization of intangibles, which implies that the value of a real estate asset diminishes predictably over time. We believe that, because real estate values historically rise and fall with market conditions, including inflation, interest rates, unemployment and consumer spending, presentations of operating results for a REIT using historical accounting for depreciation and certain other items may be less informative. Historical accounting for real estate involves the use of GAAP. Any other method of accounting for real estate such as the fair value method cannot be construed to be any more accurate or relevant than the comparable methodologies of real estate valuation found in GAAP. Nevertheless, we believe that the use of FFO, which excludes the impact of real estate related depreciation and amortization, among other things, provides a more complete understanding of our performance to investors and to management, and when compared year over year, reflects the impact on our operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, general and administrative expenses, and interest costs, which may not be immediately apparent from net income.
Core Funds from Operations
In calculating Core FFO, we start with FFO, then we exclude certain non-core items such as acquisition, transaction and other costs, as well as certain other costs that are considered to be non-core, such as debt extinguishment costs, fire loss and other costs related to damages at our properties. The purchase of properties, and the corresponding expenses associated with that process, is a key operational feature of our core business plan to generate operational income and cash flows in order to make dividend payments to stockholders. In evaluating investments in real estate, we differentiate the costs to acquire the investment from the subsequent operations of the investment. We also add back non-cash write-offs of deferred financing costs and prepayment penalties incurred with the early extinguishment of debt which are included in net income but are considered financing cash flows when paid in the statement of cash flows. We consider these write-offs and prepayment penalties to be capital transactions and not indicative of operations. By excluding expensed acquisition, transaction and other costs as well as non-core costs, we believe Core FFO provides useful supplemental information that is comparable for each type of real estate investment and is consistent with management's analysis of the investing and operating performance of our properties.
Adjusted Funds from Operations
In calculating AFFO, we start with Core FFO, then we exclude certain income or expense items from AFFO that we consider more reflective of investing activities, other non-cash income and expense items and the income and expense effects of other activities that are not a fundamental attribute of our business plan. These items include early extinguishment of debt and other items excluded in Core FFO as well as unrealized gain and loss, which may not ultimately be realized, such as gain or loss on derivative instruments, gain or loss on foreign currency transactions, and gain or loss on investments. In addition, by excluding non-cash income and expense items such as amortization of above-market and below-market leases intangibles, amortization of deferred financing costs, straight-line rent and equity-based compensation from AFFO, we believe we provide useful information regarding income and expense items which have a direct impact on our ongoing operating performance. We also exclude revenue attributable to the reimbursement by third parties of financing costs that we originally incurred because these revenues are not, in our view, related to operating performance. We also include the realized gain or loss on foreign currency exchange contracts for AFFO as such items are part of our ongoing operations and affect our current operating performance. AFFO presented by us may not be comparable to AFFO reported by other REITs that define AFFO differently.
In calculating AFFO, we exclude certain expenses which under GAAP are characterized as operating expenses in determining operating net income. All paid and accrued merger, acquisition, transaction and other costs (including prepayment penalties for debt extinguishments) and certain other expenses negatively impact our operating performance during the period in which expenses are incurred or properties are acquired will also have negative effects on returns to investors, but are not reflective of on-going performance. Further, under GAAP, certain contemplated non-cash fair value and other non-cash adjustments are considered operating non-cash adjustments to net income. In addition, as discussed above, we view gain and loss from fair value adjustments as items which are unrealized and may not ultimately be realized and not reflective of ongoing operations and are therefore typically adjusted for when assessing operating performance. Excluding income and expense items detailed above from our calculation of AFFO provides information consistent with management's analysis of our operating performance. Additionally, fair value adjustments, which are based on the impact of current market fluctuations and underlying assessments of general market conditions, but can also result from operational factors such as rental and occupancy rates, may not be directly related or attributable to our current operating performance. By excluding such changes that may reflect anticipated and unrealized gain or loss, we believe AFFO provides useful supplemental information. By providing AFFO, we believe we are presenting useful information that can be used to, among other things, assess our performance without the impact of transactions or other items that are not related to our portfolio of properties. Furthermore, we believe that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, AFFO should be examined in conjunction with net income (loss) as presented in our consolidated financial statements. AFFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) as an indication of our performance or to cash flows as a measure of our liquidity or ability to make distributions.
Adjusted Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization, and Net Operating Income
We believe that Adjusted EBITDA, which is earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization adjusted for acquisition, transaction and other costs, other non- cash items and including our pro-rata share from unconsolidated joint ventures, is an appropriate measure of our ability to incur and service debt. We also exclude revenue attributable to the reimbursement by third parties of financing costs that we originally incurred because these revenues are not, in our view, related to operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities, as a measure of our liquidity or as an alternative to net income as an indicator of our operating activities. Other REITs may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently and our calculation should not be compared to that of other REITs. NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure equal to net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, less discontinued operations, interest, other income and income from preferred equity investments and investment securities, plus corporate general and administrative expense, acquisition, transaction and other costs, depreciation and amortization, other non-cash expenses and interest expense. We use NOI internally as a performance measure and believe NOI provides useful information to investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations because it reflects only those income and expense items that are incurred at the property level. Therefore, we believe NOI is a useful measure for evaluating the operating performance of our real estate assets and to make decisions about resource allocations. Further, we believe NOI is useful to investors as a performance measure because, when compared across periods, NOI reflects the impact on operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs and acquisition activity on an unlevered basis, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income. NOI excludes certain components from net income in order to provide results that are more closely related to a property's results of operations. For example, interest expense is not necessarily linked to the operating performance of a real estate asset and is often incurred at the corporate level as opposed to the property level. In addition, depreciation and amortization, because of historical cost accounting and useful life estimates, may distort operating performance at the property level. NOI presented by us may not be comparable to NOI reported by other REITs that define NOI differently. We believe that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, NOI should be examined in conjunction with net income (loss) as presented in our consolidated financial statements. NOI should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) as an indication of our performance or to cash flows as a measure of our liquidity.
Cash Paid for Interest is calculated based on the interest expense less non-cash portion of interest expense and amortization of mortgage (discount) premium, net. Management believes that Cash Paid for Interest provides useful information to investors to assess our overall solvency and financial flexibility. Cash Paid for Interest should not be considered as an alternative to interest expense as determined in accordance with GAAP or any other GAAP financial measures and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to our financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.
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SOURCE Global Net Lease, Inc.
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