UK Credit Card Trends 2023-24: FICO Data Shows Rising Spend and Missed Payments
The latest analysis from FICO reveals significant changes in UK credit card usage and repayment trends from March 2023 to March 2024. Rising costs and inflation have led to higher consumer spending and a noticeable decline in the percentage of payments made towards balances, which currently stands at 36.4%. December 2023 saw record high spending and balances, with average spend per card reaching £850 and balances hitting £1,780.
Missed payments have increased year-on-year, particularly among established cardholders (1-5 years). The usage of credit cards for cash withdrawals has also risen. FICO advises lenders to adopt proactive strategies to address increasing debts and missed payments, including reviewing credit limits and offering better rates to maintain customer loyalty.
- Consumer spending on credit cards reached a record high in December 2023 with an average spend of £850 per card.
- Credit card balances returned to pre-pandemic levels, hitting a record high of £1,780 in December 2023.
- The percentage of payments made towards overall balances has decreased to 36.4%, down from a high of 42% in May 2022.
- The proportion of customers missing payments has increased year-on-year, especially among established cardholders (1-5 years).
- Increased usage of credit cards for cash withdrawals, although still lower than pre-pandemic levels.
Insights
The data presented by FICO underscores a significant shift in the financial landscape for UK households. Rising credit card balances and a decline in repayment rates are red flags for both lenders and retail investors. With balances hitting a record high of
Investors need to be aware that high credit card debts could lead to increased defaults and delinquencies. There is also a potential impact on banks' loan loss provisions, which could affect earnings negatively. The 36.4% repayment rate compared to the balance is notably low, suggesting a deteriorating repayment capacity among consumers.
In the short term, the increase in credit card balances can positively affect banks' interest income, but the risk of defaults in the long term elevates. Investors should monitor how financial institutions manage this risk, particularly through their provisioning under IFRS 9 standards.
Analyze consumer behavior trends reveals that households are adapting to financial stress by relying more on credit. Notably, the increase in credit card cash withdrawals is indicative of liquidity issues. This rise, although not back to pre-pandemic levels, signals a cautious shift by consumers who may be in urgent need of cash. Interestingly, the trend for retailers and hospitality businesses preferring card payments may suppress this figure somewhat.
For retail investors, this points to a potential shift in consumer spending patterns. Companies offering credit card services or financial products may see varying impacts based on how they manage their customer segments and the strategies they employ to mitigate risk. Enhanced communication and proactive engagement with customers, as FICO suggests, could be vital in retaining long-term customer loyalty.
Year-on-year analysis reveals impact of continued high costs and inflation requiring lenders to remain vigilant
FICO data on
Overall, consumer spend was up and payments to balance down year-on-year with credit card balances remaining high, having returned to pre-pandemic levels. The 12-month period also saw greater use of credit cards to withdraw cash.
Highlights
- Month-on-month fluctuations in credit card spend followed seasonal trends in 2023, however spending was higher than previous years in every month
-
December 2023 saw average spend per
UK credit card reach£850 - the highest since FICO records began in 2006 -
The percentage of payments being made compared to the overall balance has been trending down since July 2023 (apart from the expected seasonal increase in January), and currently stands at
36.4% -
Balances are now back to levels seen pre-COVID, after dropping during the pandemic; December 2023 saw a record high of
£1,780 - In nearly every month, the proportion of customers missing payments increased year-on-year and established credit card holders (1-5 years) are the most likely to miss payments
- The number of customers using credit cards to withdraw cash rose year-on-year but remains lower than pre-pandemic levels
FICO Guidance
With customers paying down less of their balances, more customers will fall into the persistent debt category (over a period of 18 months, a customer pays more in interest, fees and charges than they have repaid of the principal). In a Consumer Duty world, FICO recommends that firms are actively identifying these customers at an early stage and reviewing their communications, to encourage higher payments in support of achieving better value from their credit card. This review should be comprehensive and include payment and communications channels which best engage and empower the customer to manage their finances proactively reaching out to customers before they move into each of the persistent debt stages will help to ensure they are on the right product based on their current affordability needs.
With more customers missing payments compared to this time last year, FICO also recommends implementing pre-delinquent strategies and reviewing those already in production to try and reduce the number and amount of balances moving forwards into delinquency. These strategies will support firms in both their attempts to avoid foreseeable customer harm and also carrying potentially avoidable loss provisions, under IFRS 9.
Data and Analysis
Spending has remained high as payments to balance has trended down
Continued high inflation and higher prices for goods has kept spending high throughout the past 12 months. Seasonal fluctuations have continued as expected, and the level of spending has remained steadfastly higher than 2022-23.
The percentage of payments being made compared to overall balances has been trending down since July 2023 – except for the expected seasonal increase in January 2024. With lockdown and increased savings this reached a high of
FICO advises:
As spending and balances increase and remain high, risk teams should review the number and amount of credit card limits being offered to ensure they increase in line with these higher balances. Customers going over their credit card limit should also be reviewed for potential limit increase offers.
Missed payments for New, Established and Veteran card holders
The number of customers missing one, two or three payments has been erratic month-on-month throughout 2023-24. And when comparing year-on-year, the proportion of customers missing payments increased almost every month.
The last 12 months has also seen a change in the behaviour of different segments of cardholders most likely to miss payments.
Before the pandemic, the number of customers missing either one, two or three payments was always higher for the New segment, those who have held the card for less than 12 months. This was expected, as this group of customers had recently taken out cards so were more credit hungry and likely to miss payments. This group also contains first-party fraudsters with no intention of repaying balances.
However, post-pandemic, it is the Established group of customers (those who have held the card for between one and five years) who are now more likely to miss payments. Reasons for this include:
- They would have taken out cards during the pandemic, when their affordability may have looked better than usual due to lack of spending opportunities and increased savings.
- Over the last 12 months, many of these customers would have come to the end of promotional balance transfer offers at a time when interest rates are higher than they were previously.
- The range of balance transfer offers has also declined, meaning they may now be having to pay back these balances at a higher rate than expected.
For the Veteran segment, customers who have held their card for more than five years, the increase in missed payments is even more apparent. One, two and three missed payment balances have all increased at a higher rate since December 2023. There were also increases in two missed payment balances between March and August 2023, and again between June and October 2023.
FICO advises: To meet Consumer Duty requirements to proactively reach out before customers become overindebted and affordability issues worsen, risk teams should focus on supporting Established customers who are not managing to pay down their balances. More specialised collections treatment may be appropriate, perhaps moving customers onto a different card that more suits their changing risk profile or reviewing their credit card limit. Supporting customers through challenging times now will boost loyalty and keep them as a long-term customer.
Risk teams should focus on supporting Established customers who are not managing to pay down non-promotional balances, and take proactive action before promotional APRs expire — perhaps move them onto a lower rate, which is also a good incentive to try and keep customers loyal to their bank.
Cash withdrawals on credit cards
In August 2023,
Since September 2023, cash withdrawals have dropped back, following a similar trend as witnessed in the previous year which saw a decrease between September 2022 and February 2023 before increasing over the spring and summer months. However, it is worth noting that when comparing 2023-24 to 2022-23, every month has seen more customers using their cards to take out cash than the same month the previous year.
FICO advises:
Analytical teams should review risk models on an annual basis to ensure they still rank-order risk effectively, especially when models segment customers by cash usage. Risk teams should also consider risk-based cash limit strategies, as well as monitoring the number of cash transactions being accepted, even for underlimit customers.
These card performance figures are part of the data shared with subscribers of the FICO® Benchmark Reporting Service. The data sample comes from client reports generated by the FICO® TRIAD® Customer Manager solution in use by some
About FICO
FICO (NYSE: FICO) powers decisions that help people and businesses around the world prosper. Founded in 1956, the company is a pioneer in the use of predictive analytics and data science to improve operational decisions. FICO holds more than 200 US and foreign patents on technologies that increase profitability, customer satisfaction and growth for businesses in financial services, insurance, telecommunications, health care, retail and many other industries. Using FICO solutions, businesses in more than 100 countries do everything from protecting 4 billion payment cards from fraud, to improving financial inclusion, to increasing supply chain resiliency. The FICO® Score, used by
FICO and TRIAD are registered trademarks of Fair Isaac Corporation in the
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For further comment on the FICO
FICO
Wendy Harrison/Parm Heer
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0208 977 9132
Source: FICO
FAQ
What trends in UK credit card spending were observed from March 2023 to March 2024 according to FICO?
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