CN First Quarter Results Demonstrate Continued Economic Recovery
CN reported robust first-quarter results for 2021, achieving a 5% year-over-year traffic volume increase and targeting double-digit adjusted diluted EPS growth. Operating income reached C$1,327 million (up 9%) while diluted EPS was C$1.37 (down 4%). The company's operational metrics improved significantly, with operating ratio at 62.5%. CN also proposed a merger with Kansas City Southern, valued at US$33.7 billion, enhancing service and competition across North America. The outlook expects C$3.0 billion to C$3.3 billion in free cash flow for 2021.
- 5% increase in traffic volume year-over-year.
- Operating income rose to C$1,327 million, a 9% increase.
- Targeting double-digit adjusted diluted EPS growth.
- Significant improvement in operational metrics: operating ratio at 62.5%.
- Proposed merger with KCS enhances service and competition in North America.
- Adjusted operating income decreased by 2%.
- Diluted EPS declined by 4%, despite strong operating performance.
- Freight revenue per RTM dropped by 5% due to currency translation impacts.
Record Intermodal Traffic and Shipments of Canadian Grain
Positioned to Drive Long-Term USMCA Growth as Economy Rebounds
CN Now Targeting Double-Digit Adjusted Diluted EPS Growth(1)
MONTREAL, April 26, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- CN (TSX: CNR) (NYSE: CNI) today announced solid results in the first quarter of 2021, including an industry-leading increase in traffic volume of five per cent year-over-year. The Company updated its 2021 financial outlook and is now targeting double-digit adjusted diluted earnings per share growth(1).
"Industry-outpacing growth in our intermodal business, as well as our strong financial performance, position CN to be the premier railway of the 21st century: an engine of North American economic growth and prosperity and both an operational and sustainability leader. Gains in safety, train length, car velocity, labor productivity, fuel efficiency and other key measures demonstrate our strong operational performance. Our proposal to combine with Kansas City Southern (KCS) will drive value to KCS and CN shareholders and significantly enhance customer choice and competition, while further reducing greenhouse gas emissions by converting truck to rail. We have a high degree of confidence in our business, our offer to KCS and our vision for the future. We could not have achieved these results without the extraordinary talent and dedication of our great team of railroaders, who have our respect and appreciation, as always.”
- JJ Ruest, President and Chief Executive Officer of CN
Financial results highlights
First-quarter 2021 compared to first-quarter 2020
- Operating income of C
$1,327 million , an increase of nine per cent, and adjusted operating income of C$1,190 million , a decrease of two per cent. (1) - Revenues of C
$3,535 million were in line with the prior year. - Operating ratio of 62.5 per cent, an improvement of 3.2 points, and adjusted operating ratio of 66.3 per cent, an increase of 0.6 points. (1)
- Diluted earnings per share (EPS) of C
$1.37 , a decrease of four per cent, and adjusted diluted EPS of C$1.23 , an increase of one per cent. (1) - CN recovered C
$137 million , or C$102 million after-tax (C$0.14 per diluted share), of the C$486 million loss on assets held for sale recorded in the second quarter of 2020, resulting from the Company entering into a definitive agreement for the sale of non-core lines in Wisconsin, Michigan and Ontario.
Operating Performance
First-quarter 2021 compared to first-quarter 2020
Operating performance improved in the first quarter of 2021 when compared to the same period in 2020, mainly due to the partial economic recovery and reduced impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the impacts of the illegal blockades in the first quarter of 2020.
- Federal Railroad Association (FRA) personal injury and accident rates decreased by 27 per cent and 36 per cent, respectively.
- Fuel efficiency improved by four percent to 0.92 US gallons of locomotive fuel consumed per 1,000 gross ton miles.
- Train length (in feet) increased by five per cent.
- Through dwell (entire railroad, hours) remained flat.
- Car velocity (car miles per day) increased by five per cent.
- Through network train speed (mph) decreased by one per cent.
Updated 2021 financial outlook (2)
CN updated its 2021 financial outlook and is now targeting double-digit adjusted diluted EPS growth, versus 2020 adjusted diluted EPS of C
First-quarter 2021 revenues, traffic volumes and expenses
Revenues for the first quarter of 2021 of C
RTMs, measuring the weight and distance of freight transported by CN, increased by five per cent from the year-earlier period. Freight revenue per RTM decreased by five per cent over the year-earlier period, mainly driven by the negative translation impact of a stronger Canadian dollar, lower applicable fuel surcharge rates and an increase in the average length of haul; partly offset by freight rate increases.
Operating expenses for the first quarter decreased by five per cent to C
Proposed combination with KCS
On April 20, 2021, CN announced a superior proposal to combine with KCS (NYSE: KSU) in a transaction valued at US
Under the terms of CN’s proposal, KCS shareholders will receive US
A combination of CN and KCS will create a safer, faster, cleaner and stronger railway that is ideally positioned to support the growth of an emerging consumption-based economy through better service options and customer choice. Specifically, this combination will create an express route that connects the U.S., Mexico and Canada with a seamless single-owner, single-operator service, preserves access to all existing interchange options to enhance route choice and ensures robust price competition with new routes and a commitment to maintain open gateways to competitor networks. CN believes this combination will help make its customers’ businesses better, speed the movement of goods from country to country and coast to coast, enhance competition, create jobs up and down the railroad and prevent millions of tons of greenhouse gases from entering the atmosphere by converting truck traffic to rail. Together, the combined company will offer an enhanced ability to connect ports in the Atlantic, Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico while also adding more fluid, rapid and cost-efficient options across network points such as Laredo, Texas; Detroit, Michigan; and Southern Ontario, Canada, for both new and existing customers. CN looks forward to engaging constructively with KCS’ Board and all relevant stakeholders to deliver this superior transaction.
(1) Non-GAAP Measures
CN reports its financial results in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). CN also uses non-GAAP measures in this news release that do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP, such as adjusted performance measures. These non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. For further details of these non-GAAP measures, including a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, refer to the attached supplementary schedule, Non-GAAP Measures.
CN's full-year adjusted diluted EPS outlook (2) excludes the expected impact of certain income and expense items. However, management cannot individually quantify on a forward-looking basis the impact of these items on its EPS because these items, which could be significant, are difficult to predict and may be highly variable. As a result, CN does not provide a corresponding GAAP measure for, or reconciliation to, its adjusted diluted EPS outlook.
(2) Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements included in this news release constitute "'forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and under Canadian securities laws, including statements based on management’s assessment and assumptions and publicly available information with respect to KCS, regarding the proposed transaction between CN and KCS, the expected benefits and synergies of the proposed transaction, future opportunities for the combined company and future shareholder returns. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. The Company cautions that its assumptions may not materialize and that current economic conditions render such assumptions, although reasonable at the time they were made, subject to greater uncertainty. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of terminology such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "assumes," "outlook," "plans," "targets" or other similar words.
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of CN, or the combined company, to be materially different from the outlook or any future results, performance or achievements implied by such statements. Accordingly, readers are advised not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Important risk factors that could affect the forward-looking statements in this news release include, but are not limited to: the outcome of any possible transaction between CN and KCS, including the possibility that a transaction will not be agreed to or that the terms of any definitive agreement will be materially different from those described; the parties’ ability to consummate the proposed transaction; the conditions to the completion of the proposed transaction; that the regulatory approvals required for the proposed transaction may not be obtained on the terms expected or on the anticipated schedule or at all; CN’s indebtedness, including the substantial indebtedness CN expects to incur and assume in connection with the proposed transaction and the need to generate sufficient cash flows to service and repay such debt; CN’s ability to meet expectations regarding the timing, completion, accounting and tax treatments of the proposed transaction; the possibility that CN may be unable to achieve expected synergies and operating efficiencies within the expected time-frames or at all and to successfully integrate KCS’ operations with those of CN; that such integration may be more difficult, time-consuming or costly than expected; that operating costs, customer loss and business disruption (including, without limitation, difficulties in maintaining relationships with employees, customers or suppliers) may be greater than expected following the proposed transaction or the public announcement of the proposed transaction; the retention of certain key employees of KCS may be difficult; the duration and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, general economic and business conditions, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; industry competition; inflation, currency and interest rate fluctuations; changes in fuel prices; legislative and/or regulatory developments; compliance with environmental laws and regulations; actions by regulators; the adverse impact of any termination or revocation by the Mexican government of KCS de México, S.A. de C.V.’s Concession; increases in maintenance and operating costs; security threats; reliance on technology and related cybersecurity risk; trade restrictions or other changes to international trade arrangements; transportation of hazardous materials; various events which could disrupt operations, including illegal blockades of rail networks and natural events such as severe weather, droughts, fires, floods and earthquakes; climate change; labor negotiations and disruptions; environmental claims; uncertainties of investigations, proceedings or other types of claims and litigation; risks and liabilities arising from derailments; timing and completion of capital programs; and other risks detailed from time to time in reports filed by CN with securities regulators in Canada and the United States. Reference should also be made to Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) in CN’s annual and interim reports, Annual Information Form and Form 40-F, filed with Canadian and U.S. securities regulators and available on CN’s website, for a description of major risk factors relating to CN.
Forward-looking statements reflect information as of the date on which they are made. CN assumes no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect future events, changes in circumstances, or changes in beliefs, unless required by applicable securities laws. In the event CN does update any forward-looking statement, no inference should be made that CN will make additional updates with respect to that statement, related matters, or any other forward-looking statement.
(3) Based on CN closing share price on the NYSE of US
2021 key assumptions
CN has made a number of economic and market assumptions in preparing its 2021 outlook. The Company now assumes that North American industrial production for the year will increase in the high single-digit range (compared to its January 26, 2021 assumption of an increase in the mid single-digit range), and assumes U.S. housing starts of approximately 1.45 million units and U.S. motor vehicle sales of approximately 16 million units. For the 2020/2021 crop year, the grain crop in Canada was above its three-year average and the U.S. grain crop was in line with its three-year average. The Company assumes that the 2021/2022 grain crops in both Canada and the U.S. will be in line with their respective three-year averages. CN now assumes total RTMs in 2021 will increase in the high single-digit range versus 2020 (compared to its January 26, 2021 assumption of an increase in the mid single-digit range). CN assumes continued pricing above rail inflation. CN assumes that in 2021, the value of the Canadian dollar in U.S. currency will be approximately
No Offer or Solicitation
This news release does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities or a solicitation of any vote or approval, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. No offer of securities shall be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Additional Information and Where to Find It
This news release relates to a proposal which CN has made for an acquisition of KCS. In furtherance of this proposal and subject to future developments, CN (and, if a negotiated transaction is agreed, KCS) may file one or more registration statements, proxy statements, tender offer statements or other documents with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or applicable securities regulators in Canada. This news release is not a substitute for any proxy statement, registration statement, tender offer statement, prospectus or other document CN and/or KCS may file with the SEC or applicable securities regulators in Canada in connection with the proposed transactions.
INVESTORS AND SECURITY HOLDERS ARE URGED TO READ THE PROXY STATEMENT(S), REGISTRATION STATEMENT(S), TENDER OFFER STATEMENT, PROSPECTUS AND ANY OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENTS FILED WITH THE SEC OR APPLICABLE SECURITIES REGULATORS IN CANADA CAREFULLY IN THEIR ENTIRETY IF AND WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE BECAUSE THEY WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT CN, KCS AND THE PROPOSED TRANSACTIONS. Any definitive proxy statement(s), registration statement or prospectus(es) and other documents filed by CN and KCS (if and when available) will be mailed to stockholders of CN and/or KCS, as applicable. Investors and security holders will be able to obtain copies of these documents (if and when available) and other documents filed with the SEC and applicable securities regulators in Canada by CN free of charge through at www.sec.gov and www.sedar.com. Copies of the documents filed by CN (if and when available) will also be made available free of charge by accessing CN’s website at www.CN.ca.
Participants
This news release is neither a solicitation of a proxy nor a substitute for any proxy statement or other filings that may be made with the SEC and applicable securities regulators in Canada. Nonetheless, CN and its directors and executive officers and other members of management and employees may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies in respect of the proposed transactions. Information about CN’s executive officers and directors is available in its 2021 Management Information Circular, dated March 9, 2021, as well as its 2020 Annual Report on Form 40-F filed with the SEC on February 1, 2021, in each case available on its website at www.CN.ca/investors/ and at www.sec.gov and www.sedar.com. Additional information regarding the interests of such potential participants will be included in one or more registration statements, proxy statements, tender offer statements or other documents filed with the SEC and applicable securities regulators in Canada if and when they become available. These documents (if and when available) may be obtained free of charge from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and www.sedar.com, as applicable.
This earnings news release, as well as additional information, including the Financial Statements, Notes thereto and MD&A, is contained in CN’s Quarterly Review available on the Company's website at www.cn.ca/financial-results and on SEDAR at www.sedar.com as well as on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's website at www.sec.gov through EDGAR.
About CN
CN is a world-class transportation leader and trade-enabler. Essential to the economy, to the customers, and to the communities it serves, CN safely transports more than 300 million tons of natural resources, manufactured products, and finished goods throughout North America every year. As the only railroad connecting Canada’s Eastern and Western coasts with the U.S. South through a 19,500-mile rail network, CN and its affiliates have been contributing to community prosperity and sustainable trade since 1919. CN is committed to programs supporting social responsibility and environmental stewardship.
| Contacts: | |
| Media | Investment Community |
| Mathieu Gaudreault | Paul Butcher |
| Senior Advisor | Vice-President |
| Media Relations | Investor Relations |
| (514) 249-4735 | (514) 399-0052 |
| media@cn.ca | investor.relations@cn.ca |
Selected Railroad Statistics – unaudited
| Three months ended March 31 | ||
| 2021 | 2020 | |
| Financial measures | ||
| Key financial performance indicators (1) | ||
| Total revenues ($ millions) | 3,535 | 3,545 |
| Freight revenues ($ millions) | 3,423 | 3,424 |
| Operating income ($ millions) | 1,327 | 1,215 |
| Adjusted operating income ($ millions) (2) | 1,190 | 1,215 |
| Net income ($ millions) | 974 | 1,011 |
| Adjusted net income ($ millions) (2) | 872 | 870 |
| Diluted earnings per share ($) | 1.37 | 1.42 |
| Adjusted diluted earnings per share ($) (2) | 1.23 | 1.22 |
| Free cash flow ($ millions) (2) | 539 | 573 |
| Gross property additions ($ millions) | 412 | 603 |
| Share repurchases ($ millions) | 291 | 379 |
| Dividends per share ($) | 0.615 | 0.575 |
| Financial position (1) | ||
| Total assets ($ millions) | 44,964 | 46,435 |
| Total liabilities ($ millions) | 25,073 | 27,601 |
| Shareholders' equity ($ millions) | 19,891 | 18,834 |
| Financial ratio | ||
| Operating ratio (%) | 62.5 | 65.7 |
| Adjusted operating ratio (%) (2) | 66.3 | 65.7 |
| Operational measures (3) | ||
| Statistical operating data | ||
| Gross ton miles (GTMs) (millions) | 120,780 | 113,979 |
| Revenue ton miles (RTMs) (millions) | 61,454 | 58,370 |
| Carloads (thousands) | 1,431 | 1,335 |
| Route miles (includes Canada and the U.S.) | 19,500 | 19,500 |
| Employees (end of period) | 24,577 | 23,975 |
| Employees (average for the period) | 24,508 | 25,264 |
| Key operating measures | ||
| Freight revenue per RTM (cents) | 5.57 | 5.87 |
| Freight revenue per carload ($) | 2,392 | 2,565 |
| GTMs per average number of employees (thousands) | 4,928 | 4,512 |
| Operating expenses per GTM (cents) | 1.83 | 2.04 |
| Labor and fringe benefits expense per GTM (cents) | 0.65 | 0.65 |
| Diesel fuel consumed (US gallons in millions) | 111.3 | 108.9 |
| Average fuel price ($ per US gallon) | 2.89 | 2.90 |
| Fuel efficiency (US gallons of locomotive fuel consumed per 1,000 GTMs) | 0.92 | 0.96 |
| Train weight (tons) | 9,421 | 9,134 |
| Train length (feet) | 8,340 | 7,977 |
| Car velocity (car miles per day) | 187 | 178 |
| Through dwell (entire railroad, hours) | 8.3 | 8.3 |
| Through network train speed (miles per hour) | 18.1 | 18.2 |
| Locomotive utilization (trailing GTMs per total horsepower) | 198 | 183 |
| Safety indicators (4) | ||
| Injury frequency rate (per 200,000 person hours) | 1.65 | 2.25 |
| Accident rate (per million train miles) | 1.15 | 1.81 |
| (1) | Amounts expressed in Canadian dollars and prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), unless otherwise noted. |
| (2) | See supplementary schedule entitled Non-GAAP Measures for an explanation of these non-GAAP measures. |
| (3) | Statistical operating data, key operating measures and safety indicators are unaudited and based on estimated data available at such time and are subject to change as more complete information becomes available. Definitions of gross ton miles, fuel efficiency, train weight, train length, car velocity, through dwell and through network train speed are included within the Company’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis. Definitions of all other indicators are provided on CN's website, www.cn.ca/glossary. |
| (4) | Based on Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) reporting criteria. |
Supplementary Information – unaudited
| Three months ended March 31 | ||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | % Change Fav (Unfav) | % Change at constant currency Fav (Unfav) (1) | |||
| Revenues ($ millions) (2) | ||||||
| Petroleum and chemicals | 661 | 791 | (16 | %) | (13 | %) |
| Metals and minerals | 368 | 405 | (9 | %) | (5 | %) |
| Forest products | 429 | 433 | (1 | %) | 3 | % |
| Coal | 126 | 143 | (12 | %) | (10 | %) |
| Grain and fertilizers | 713 | 610 | 17 | % | 20 | % |
| Intermodal | 968 | 849 | 14 | % | 16 | % |
| Automotive | 158 | 193 | (18 | %) | (14 | %) |
| Total freight revenues | 3,423 | 3,424 | — | % | 3 | % |
| Other revenues | 112 | 121 | (7 | %) | (4 | %) |
| Total revenues | 3,535 | 3,545 | — | % | 3 | % |
| Revenue ton miles (RTMs) (millions) (3) | ||||||
| Petroleum and chemicals | 10,732 | 13,688 | (22 | %) | (22 | %) |
| Metals and minerals | 6,293 | 6,476 | (3 | %) | (3 | %) |
| Forest products | 6,670 | 6,322 | 6 | % | 6 | % |
| Coal | 4,026 | 4,078 | (1 | %) | (1 | %) |
| Grain and fertilizers | 17,841 | 14,199 | 26 | % | 26 | % |
| Intermodal | 15,233 | 12,762 | 19 | % | 19 | % |
| Automotive | 659 | 845 | (22 | %) | (22 | %) |
| Total RTMs | 61,454 | 58,370 | 5 | % | 5 | % |
| Freight revenue / RTM (cents) (2) (3) | ||||||
| Petroleum and chemicals | 6.16 | 5.78 | 7 | % | 11 | % |
| Metals and minerals | 5.85 | 6.25 | (6 | %) | (2 | %) |
| Forest products | 6.43 | 6.85 | (6 | %) | (2 | %) |
| Coal | 3.13 | 3.51 | (11 | %) | (9 | %) |
| Grain and fertilizers | 4.00 | 4.30 | (7 | %) | (5 | %) |
| Intermodal | 6.35 | 6.65 | (5 | %) | (3 | %) |
| Automotive | 23.98 | 22.84 | 5 | % | 10 | % |
| Total freight revenue / RTM | 5.57 | 5.87 | (5 | %) | (2 | %) |
| Carloads (thousands) (3) | ||||||
| Petroleum and chemicals | 150 | 173 | (13 | %) | (13 | %) |
| Metals and minerals | 223 | 241 | (7 | %) | (7 | %) |
| Forest products | 86 | 88 | (2 | %) | (2 | %) |
| Coal | 69 | 77 | (10 | %) | (10 | %) |
| Grain and fertilizers | 176 | 150 | 17 | % | 17 | % |
| Intermodal | 676 | 548 | 23 | % | 23 | % |
| Automotive | 51 | 58 | (12 | %) | (12 | %) |
| Total carloads | 1,431 | 1,335 | 7 | % | 7 | % |
| Freight revenue / carload ($) (2) (3) | ||||||
| Petroleum and chemicals | 4,407 | 4,572 | (4 | %) | — | % |
| Metals and minerals | 1,650 | 1,680 | (2 | %) | 3 | % |
| Forest products | 4,988 | 4,920 | 1 | % | 6 | % |
| Coal | 1,826 | 1,857 | (2 | %) | 1 | % |
| Grain and fertilizers | 4,051 | 4,067 | — | % | 2 | % |
| Intermodal | 1,432 | 1,549 | (8 | %) | (6 | %) |
| Automotive | 3,098 | 3,328 | (7 | %) | (2 | %) |
| Total freight revenue / carload | 2,392 | 2,565 | (7 | %) | (4 | %) |
| (1) | See supplementary schedule entitled Non-GAAP Measures for an explanation of this non-GAAP measure. |
| (2) | Amounts expressed in Canadian dollars. |
| (3) | Statistical operating data and related key operating measures are unaudited and based on estimated data available at such time and are subject to change as more complete information becomes available. |
Non-GAAP Measures – unaudited
In this supplementary schedule, the "Company" or "CN" refers to Canadian National Railway Company, together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Financial information included in this schedule is expressed in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise noted.
CN reports its financial results in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The Company also uses non-GAAP measures that do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP, including adjusted performance measures, constant currency, free cash flow and adjusted debt-to-adjusted earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) multiple. These non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. From management's perspective, these non-GAAP measures are useful measures of performance and provide investors with supplementary information to assess the Company's results of operations and liquidity. These non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Adjusted performance measures
Management believes that adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted operating income and adjusted operating ratio are useful measures of performance that can facilitate period-to-period comparisons, as they exclude items that do not necessarily arise as part of CN's normal day-to-day operations and could distort the analysis of trends in business performance. Management uses adjusted performance measures, which exclude certain income and expense items in its results that management believes are not reflective of CN's underlying business operations, to set performance goals and as a means to measure CN's performance. The exclusion of such income and expense items in these measures does not, however, imply that these items are necessarily non-recurring. These measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies.
For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company's adjusted net income was
For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company's adjusted net income was
The following table provides a reconciliation of net income and earnings per share in accordance with GAAP, as reported for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, to the non-GAAP adjusted performance measures presented herein:
| Three months ended March 31 | |||||||
| In millions, except per share data | 2021 | 2020 | |||||
| Net income | $ | 974 | $ | 1,011 | |||
| Adjustments: | |||||||
| Recovery of loss on assets held for sale | (137 | ) | — | ||||
| Income tax expense (recovery) (1) | 35 | (141 | ) | ||||
| Adjusted net income | $ | 872 | $ | 870 | |||
| Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.37 | $ | 1.42 | |||
| Impact of adjustments, per share | (0.14 | ) | (0.20 | ) | |||
| Adjusted basic earnings per share | $ | 1.23 | $ | 1.22 | |||
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.37 | $ | 1.42 | |||
| Impact of adjustments, per share | (0.14 | ) | (0.20 | ) | |||
| Adjusted diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.23 | $ | 1.22 | |||
| (1) | Includes the tax impact of: (i) adjustments based on the nature of the item for tax purposes and related tax rates in the applicable jurisdiction; or (ii) tax law changes and rate enactments. |
The following table provides a reconciliation of operating income and operating ratio in accordance with GAAP, as reported for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, to the non-GAAP adjusted performance measures presented herein:
| Three months ended March 31 | ||||||
| In millions, except percentage | 2021 | 2020 | ||||
| Operating income | $ | 1,327 | $ | 1,215 | ||
| Adjustment: Recovery of loss on assets held for sale | (137 | ) | — | |||
| Adjusted operating income | $ | 1,190 | $ | 1,215 | ||
| Operating ratio (1) | 62.5 | % | 65.7 | % | ||
| Impact of adjustment | 3.8- | pts | — | |||
| Adjusted operating ratio | 66.3 | % | 65.7 | % | ||
| (1) | The operating ratio is defined as operating expenses as a percentage of revenues. |
Constant currency
Financial results at constant currency allow results to be viewed without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, thereby facilitating period-to-period comparisons in the analysis of trends in business performance. Measures at constant currency are considered non-GAAP measures and do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. Financial results at constant currency are obtained by translating the current period results denominated in US dollars at the foreign exchange rates of the comparable period in the prior year. The average foreign exchange rates were
On a constant currency basis, the Company's net income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 would have been higher by
Free cash flow
Management believes that free cash flow is a useful measure of liquidity as it demonstrates the Company's ability to generate cash for debt obligations and for discretionary uses such as payment of dividends, share repurchases, and strategic opportunities. The Company defines its free cash flow measure as the difference between net cash provided by operating activities and net cash used in investing activities, adjusted for the impact of business acquisitions, if any. Free cash flow does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies.
The following table provides a reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities in accordance with GAAP, as reported for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, to the non-GAAP free cash flow presented herein:
| Three months ended March 31 | |||||||
| In millions | 2021 | 2020 | |||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 952 | $ | 1,180 | |||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (413 | ) | (607 | ) | |||
| Free cash flow | $ | 539 | $ | 573 | |||
Adjusted debt-to-adjusted EBITDA multiple
Management believes that the adjusted debt-to-adjusted EBITDA multiple is a useful credit measure because it reflects the Company's ability to service its debt and other long-term obligations. The Company calculates the adjusted debt-to-adjusted EBITDA multiple as adjusted debt divided by adjusted EBITDA. These measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies.
The following table provides a reconciliation of debt and net income in accordance with GAAP, reported as at and for the twelve months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, to the adjusted measures presented herein, which have been used to calculate the non-GAAP adjusted debt-to-adjusted EBITDA multiple:
| In millions, unless otherwise indicated | As at and for the twelve months ended March 31, | 2021 | 2020 | |||||
| Debt | $ | 12,928 | $ | 15,287 | ||||
| Adjustments: | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, including current portion | 387 | 493 | ||||||
| Pension plans in deficiency | 548 | 527 | ||||||
| Adjusted debt | $ | 13,863 | $ | 16,307 | ||||
| Net income | $ | 3,525 | $ | 4,441 | ||||
| Interest expense | 545 | 546 | ||||||
| Income tax expense | 1,145 | 1,122 | ||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 1,601 | 1,514 | ||||||
| EBITDA | 6,816 | 7,623 | ||||||
| Adjustments: | ||||||||
| Loss on assets held for sale | 349 | — | ||||||
| Other loss (income) | 7 | (62 | ) | |||||
| Other components of net periodic benefit income | (333 | ) | (319 | ) | ||||
| Operating lease cost | 138 | 166 | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 6,977 | $ | 7,408 | ||||
| Adjusted debt-to-adjusted EBITDA multiple (times) | 1.99 | 2.20 | ||||||
FAQ
What are CN's first-quarter 2021 financial results?
What is CN's target for adjusted diluted EPS growth in 2021?
What is the significance of CN's merger proposal with KCS?
What improvements did CN report in operational performance?
How does the proposed merger with KCS affect CN's market position?
